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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The ‘ataxia telangiectasia mutated’ (Atm) gene maintains genomic stability by activating a key cell-cycle checkpoint in response to DNA damage, telomeric instability or oxidative stress. Mutational inactivation of the gene causes an autosomal recessive disorder, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Late Miocene (7–9 Ma) basaltic rocks from the Monbetsu-Kamishihoro graben in northeast Hokkaido have chemical affinities to certain back-arc basin basalts (referred to herein as Hokkaido BABB). Pb-, Nd- and Sr-isotopic compositions of the Hokkaido BABB and arc-type volcanic rocks (11–13 Ma and 4–4.5 Ma) from the nearby region indicate mixing between the depleted mantle and an EM II-like enriched component (e.g. subducted pelagic sediment) in the magma generation. At a given 87Sr/86Sr, Hokkaido BABB have slightly lower 143Nd/144Nd and slightly less radiogenic 206Pb/204Pb compared with associated arc-type lavas, but both these suites are difficult to distinguish solely on the basis of isotopic compositions. These isotopic data indicate that while generation of the Hokkaido BABB involves smaller amounts of the EM II-like enriched component than do associated arc lavas, Hokkaido BABB are isotopically distinct from basalts produced at normal back-arc basin spreading centers. Instead, northeast Hokkaido BABB are more similar to basalts erupted during the initial rifting stage of back-arc basins. The Monbetsu-Kamishihoro graben may have developed in association with extension that formed the Kurile Basin, suggesting that opening of the basin continued until late Miocene (7–9 Ma).
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Ryoke Belt is one of the important terranes in the South-west Japan Arc (SJA). It consists mainly of late Cretaceous granitoid rocks, meta-sedimentary rocks (Jurassic accretionary complexes) and mafic rocks (gabbros, metadiabases; late Permian–early Jurassic). Initial ɛSr (+ 25– + 59) and ɛNd (− 2.1–−5.9) values of the metadiabases cannot be explained by crustal contamination but reflect the values of the source material. These values coincide with those of island arc basalt (IAB), active continental margin basalt (ACMB) and continental flood basalt (CFB). Spiderdiagrams and trace element chemistries of the metadiabases have CFB-signature, rather than those of either IAB or ACMB. The Sr–Nd isotope data, trace element and rare earth element chemistries of the metadiabases indicate that they result from partial melting of continental-type lithospheric mantle. Mafic granulite xenoliths in middle Miocene volcanic rocks distributed throughout the Ryoke Belt were probably derived from relatively deep crust. Their geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic characteristics are similar to the metadiabases. This suggests that rocks, equivalent geochemically to the metadiabases, must be widely distributed at relatively deep crustal levels beneath a part of the Ryoke Belt. The geochemical and isotopic features of the metadiabases and mafic granulites from the Ryoke Belt are quite different from those of mafic rocks from other terranes in the SJA. These results imply that the Ryoke mafic rocks (metadiabase, mafic granulite) were not transported from other terranes by crustal movement but formed in situ. Sr–Nd isotopic features of late Cretaceous granitoid rocks occurring in the western part of the Japanese Islands are coincident with those of the Ryoke mafic rocks. Such an isotopic relation between these two rocks suggests that a continental-type lithosphere is widely represented beneath the western part of the Japanese Islands.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 7 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Noble gas concentrations and isotopic compositions have been measured in eight samples of pillow basalt glasses collected from seven different localities along 250 km of the Mariana Trough spreading and rifting axis. The samples have uniform and mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-like 3He/4He values of 9–12 × 10–6 (6.4–8.6 times atmospheric) despite large variations in 4He. Concentrations of the noble gases Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe show much smaller variations between samples, but larger variations in isotopic compositions of Ne, Ar, and Xe. Excess radiogenic 21Ne is observed in some samples. 40Ar/36Ar varies widely (atmospheric to 1880). Kr is atmospheric in composition for all samples. Some samples show a clear excess 129Xe, which is a well-known MORB signature. Isotopic compositions of the heavier noble gases (Ar, Kr, and Xe) in some samples, however, show more atmospheric components. These data reflect the interaction of a MORB-like magma with an atmospheric component such as seawater or of a depleted mantle source with a water-rich component that was probably derived from the subducting slab.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Different types of periodontopathic bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exert various biological activities in vitro. However, whether or not these activities also occur in vivo remains unclear. Thus the present study investigates bone resorption, as well as local IL-1α and IL-1β synthesis induced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS in the periodontal tissue of mice. Both types of LPS were injected into mouse gingiva every 48 h and the animals were sacrificed 6 h after the 1st, 4th, 7th, 10th, 13th, 16th, 20th, or 24th injection. Bone resorption in the injected gingiva was histopathologically and histomorphometrically investigated and local concentrations of IL-1α and IL-1β were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The active resorption ratio was significantly higher in the group given the 10th injection of LPS from A. actinomycetemcomitans than in the group given P. gingivalis LPS. Furthermore, A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS stimulated significantly more synthesis of IL-1α than P. gingivalis LPS after the 4th and 10th injections, and of IL-1β after the 4th, 7th, 10th, 13th, 16th and 20th injections. These results suggest that A. actinomycetemcomitans LPS is a more potent inducer of bone resorption and synthesis of IL-1α and IL-1β in the short term than P. gingivalis LPS.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo self-renewing cell divisions and maintain blood production for their lifetime. Appropriate control of HSC self-renewal is crucial for the maintenance of hematopoietic homeostasis. Here we show that activation of p38 MAPK in response to increasing levels of ...
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1437-7780
    Keywords: Sulbactam/cefoperazone ; piperacillin ; rhG-CSF ; neutropenia ; pneumonia ; sepsis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A clinical efficacy rate of 80.8% was obtained in 26 severely infected patients, neutropenic as a result of hematologic disease, following three-drug combination therapy with sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ), piperacillin (PIPC), and human recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF). By day 4 of treatment, patients average body temperature decreased from 38.6±0.8°C to 37.1±0.7°C and their neutrophil counts increased from 298±347/μL to 1757±2239/μL. When compared with 31 similar patients previously treated with SBT/CPZ and PIPC but without rhG-CSF, the efficacy rate in this study was somewhat higher but the difference was not statistically significant. However, there were statistically significant differences in body temperature on day 4 (37.1±0.7°C vs. 37.8±1.0°C) and in duration of fever in responding cases (3.1±1.7 vs. 4.8±2.4 days). These results suggest that addition of rhG-CSF provides a more rapid response and that the three-drug combination therapy can be selected as empiric therapy for infections in neutropenic patients.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Mineral chemistry, major and trace elements, and 87Sr/86Sr ratios are presented for 29 igneous rocks dredged from the northern portion of the Izu-Ogasawara arc. These rocks are compositionally bimodal. Basement gabbro and trondhjemite from the arc are extremely poor in K2O (0.05–0.19%) and Rb (0.48–0.62 ppm), and their REE patterns and Sr isotope ratios indicate that there are island arc tholeiites. Quaternary volcanic rocks from the present volcanic front (Shichito Ridge; active arc), back-arc seamounts (east side; inactive arc) and Torishima knoll between the two back-arc depressions (incipient back-arc basins) behind the active arc have the same geochemical characteristics as the above plutonic rocks though they are not as depleted in K and Rb. Rhyolite pumice from the backarc depression is also the depleted island arc tholeiite, whereas basalts from the depression have compositions that are transitional between MORB and island arc tholeiites in trace element (Ti, Ni, Cr, V, Y and Zr) and mineral chemistries. The back-arc depression basalts have relatively high BaN/CeN(0.66–1.24), Cen/YbN(1.1–1.9) and K/Ba(45–105) and low 87Sr/86Sr (0.70302–0.70332) and Ba/Sr (0.1–0.2), which are similar to other back-arc basin basalts and E-type MORB, but are quite unlike the depleted island arc tholeiites. The diverse trace element and Sr isotope compositions of basalt-andesite from the back-arc depressions imply the interplay between E-type MORB and island arc tholeiite. These chemical characteristics and the relationships of (Ce/Yb)N vs (Ba/Ce)N and (Ce/Yb)N vs 87Sr/86Sr suggest that the back-arc depression magmas are generated by mixing of E-type MORB and depleted island arc tholeiite magmas. Geochemical characters of the associated rhyolite from the depression are compatible with partial melting of lower crust.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Studies have shown that bone marrow cells have the potential to differentiate into a variety of cell types. Here we show that bone marrow cells can repopulate the epithelia of the human gastrointestinal tract. Epithelial cells of male donor origin were distributed in every part of the ...
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: CO2 hydrogenation ; copper-zirconia catalyst ; Cu-ZrO2-ZnO ; methanol synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Coprecipitated Cu-ZrO2 catalysts were found to show higher selectivity to methanol in CO2 hydrogenation than conventional Cu-ZnO catalysts. Addition of ZnO to Cu-ZrO2 catalysts of Cu/ZrO2 = 1 (weight ratio) greatly enhanced the activity at lower temperatures, while keeping the high methanol selectivity of Cu-ZrO2 catalysts. A remarkable increase in the Cu dispersion with increased amount of added ZnO explains the increased activity at lower temperatures, while the reforming of methanol to CO is accelerated by ZnO at higher temperatures, leading to a lowered yield of methanol. It is suggested that ZrO2 rather than ZnO in the ternary systems plays a more effective role for the selective formation of methanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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