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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase of Evaporative Loss of Water from the Skin of the Ox in Response to Local Heating of the Hypothalamus (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 191 (1961), S. 81-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. The figure is taken from a recorder chart on which each temperature was recorded every 80 sec. An increase in the difference between the wet-bulb temperatures (W.B.1-W.B.2) indicates an increase in evaporation from the skin. The arrows mark the point at which heating of the hypothalamus was ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/191081a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaporative Cooling in the Pig (1965)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 207 (1965), S. 415-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Under very humid conditions water passes into the skin of pigs from the atmosphere against the vapour pressure gradient4, as it does in man5'6, but while in man, who sweats, there is a net loss of water, in the pig there is a net gain4. As a result of this low evaporative loss, the pig is only ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/207415a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect on food intake in the pig of heating and cooling the spinal cord (1973)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 29 (1973), S. 1241-1241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé Le réchaufement ou le refroidissement du cordon médullaire du porc par perfusion des thermodes intravertébrales avec un fluide tiède ou froid ne change pas la quantité de nourriture consommée; ceci élimine le rôle des enregistreurs vertébraux de température en tant que médiateurs de la consommation de nourriture chez cette espèce.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01935095
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptation and regulation (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 283 (1980), S. 899-900 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Principles of Animal Physiology. By J. A. Wilson., Second edition. Pp.891. Published by (Collier-Macmillan: West Drayton, UK, 1979.) £16.45; $30.20. Animal Physiology. Adaptation and Environment. By K. Schmidt-Nielsen., Pp.560. Published by Second edition. (Cambridge University Press: ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/283899b0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptations to ambient temperature in growing pigs (1977)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 367 (1977), S. 257-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Acclimatization ; Temperature ; Metabolism ; Peripheral blood flow ; Pigs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Pigs were weaned at 8–10 days of age and littermate pairs were raised in individual cages at ambient temperatures of 25°C or 35°C to 8 weeks of age. 2. Pigs reared at the higher temperature had longer extremities and less hair than controls even though body weights were similar. 3. On exposure to an ambient temperature of 45°C, the animals reared in the cooler environment increased rectal temperature twice as quickly as their littermates. 4. When the scrotum was heated locally to 42°C animals reared in the warmer environment began to pant at a lower ambient temperature than the controls. 5. Heating the hypothalamus by means of an implanted thermode at an ambient temperature of 35°C was accompanied by an increase in respiratory frequency in pigs reared at 25°C. The pigs reared at 35°C already had a slightly elevated rate of breathing and heating the hypothalamus caused no change. 6. The rate of blood flow in the tail was higher in pigs reared at 25°C than those kept at 35°C when measured at ambient temperatures between 20°C and 35°C. When the hypothalamus was cooled the slope of the line relating blood flow to the temperature of the thermode was similar in both groups. 7. The critical temperature as determined from measurements of oxygen consumption was higher in the pigs reared at 35°C than in controls. But the effect of cooling the hypothalamus on metabolism was similar in both groups. 8. There was no difference between the two groups in the rate of cutaneous water loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581363
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of food intake and fasting on 24-hourly variations in body temperature in the young pig (1973)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 339 (1973), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Temperature Rhythm ; Pig ; Feeding ; Fasting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The temperature at the surface of the carotid artery was measured by radiotelemetry over several successive 24 h periods in seven young pigs. The animals were housed solitarily in a temperature-controlled but not sound-proofed room under conditions of constant lighting. In animals fed once in the 24 h there was a rapid rise in the temperature of the carotid artery at the time of feeding followed by a slow decline. Feedingad libitum for 6 days was not accompanied by any definite rhythm in body temperature. During periods of fasting for up to 5 days, the mean body temperature tended to fall and a 24-hourly rhythm was apparent with the maximum in the afternoon and evening. Increases in body temperature were associated with increased activity in all experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00594165
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in food intake in response to alterations in the ambient temperature: Modifications by previous thermal and nutritional experience (1983)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 396 (1983), S. 231-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Acclimatization ; Food intake ; Metabolic rate ; Body temperatures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1. The influence of ambient temperature onad libitum food intake has been investigated in piglets weaned at 2 weeks and kept in the hot (35°C) or the cold (10°C) on a high or low energy intake for 6 weeks. Further, the extent to which food intake was correlated with fasting body temperatures and resting metabolic rate was also examined. 2. The amount of food eaten in a single meal was recorded daily in two series of tests. In Test I, measurements were made both at the normal living temperature and after 2 and 24 h at thermal neutrality (25°C). In Test II, the animals were examined at 25°C over a 4 day period. Resting metabolic rate and body temperatures were also measured, immediately before the measurement of food intake. 3. Food intake was much greater at 10 than at 35°C, but even at thermal neutrality it was significantly higher for those which had been in the cold. This was true for periods of between 2 h and 4 days at 25°C. Although food intake was not correlated with skin or core temperatures, there was an indication of a correlation with metabolic rate, particularly at thermal neutrality. 4. The results show that long-term cold exposure has a lasting effect on food intake, event at thermal neutrality, and it is suggested that this may be related to hormonal changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587860
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The efficiency of operant thermoregulatory behaviour in pigs as determined from the rate of oxygen consumption (1975)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 353 (1975), S. 139-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Pig ; Thermoregulation ; Metabolism ; Behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pigs were trained to perform an operant response for a reinforcement of radiant heat and comparisons were made between oxygen consumption during sessions when extra heat was available and others when it was not. It was found that as judged by the rate of oxygen consumption the efficiency with which heat was obtained was very high when the radiation was allowed to increase air temperature, but declined when air temperature remained low. If the pig had to make several responses for a single reinforcement, there was no saving in oxygen consumption. Reducing the intensity of the heating led to a reduction in the frequency at which responses were made. When the reinforcement was a brief respite from a draught, the pigs performed a greater number of responses at low ambient temperatures, but this was not accompanied by any saving in the rate of oxygen consumption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00599874
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of environmental temperature and energy intake on skeletal muscle respiratory enzymes and morphology (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 58 (1988), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Acclimation ; Energy intake ; Skeletal muscle ; Mitochondria ; Respiratory enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Influence of a cold (10° C) or warm (35° C) environment and a high or low level of energy intake on respiratory enzyme activities has been investigated in porcine skeletal muscle. Scanning microdensitometry was used to measure the reaction products from mitochondrial enzymes in individual slowand fast-twitch muscle fibres. A cold environment was found to increase the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in both types of muscle fibre (P〈0.001 for dark fibres, P〈0.01 for light fibres) from young growing animals. Enzyme activity was also increased in animals on a low compared with a high energy intake (P〈0.01) when living at 10° C but not at 35° C. Similar findings were obtained for NADH diaphorase and cytochrome oxidase aa 3. The numbers of slow-twitch muscle fibres also increased after exposure to cold (P〈0.01) and as a result of a low energy intake (P〈0.01). These results are similar to those obtained in other species after exercise or as a result of peripheral arterial insufficiency. The extent to which they could be related to local tissue hypoxia or to changes in metabolic hormones is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417256
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative study of the blood vessels of the pig's skin and the influence of environmental temperature (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 163 (1969), S. 517-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The vascular supply to the skin of pigs was studied in animals perfused with the dye, monastral fast blue. The arrangement of the blood vessels in control animals was in three plexuses, similar to that in other mammals but with the middle plexus poorly developed.A litter of pigs was divided into two groups at the age of 12 days and one group was raised in a warm room and the other in a cold room. The pigs were killed at age three months when the warm room was 35°C and the cold room 5°C. A quantitative evaluation of the blood supply to the skin of the experimental animals revealed that the pigs from the warm room had more blood vessels in the skin than those raised in the cold; the difference was statistically significant (P 〈 0.01). In the case of pigs from a second litter reared at 35°C and 20°C, no significant difference in the number of blood vessels was detected.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091630404
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