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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fez1 is layer-specifically expressed in the adult mouse neocortex (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The mammalian cerebral neocortex occupies the largest area of the cerebral cortex and is cytoarchitectually composed of six layers (I–VI). Recent molecular analysis has begun to reveal the existence of various developmental programs, including the genetic regulation of arealization of the neocortex. Although an increasing number of molecular determinants of the developmental stages of the neocortex have been identified, no genes specifically expressed in the adult neocortex have been identified to date. By global screening using microarrays, combined with systematic in situ hybridization, we identified a zinc-finger type transcription factor, Fez1, which is expressed predominantly in the mouse adult neocortex. No other genes in the neocortex have been shown to date to have their expression with such high specificity. Using two-color in situ hybridization, we show that Fez1 is mainly expressed in cortical layers V and VI, not in γ-aminobutyric acid neurons but in pyramidal neurons, the projection neurons of the cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemistry also shows that Fez1 is expressed in deep layers of the neocortex. Fez1 will be invaluable not only for the molecular understanding of corticogenesis but also for understanding the physiological functions of the adult neocortex, as well as for the use of its promoter in gene-manipulated animals and in conditional expression systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03763.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of 21.5 T by a superconducting magnet system using a Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox/Ag coil as an insert magnet (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 898-900 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We fabricated a Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox/Ag pancake coil by applying a dip-coating process, which was used as an insert coil of conventional superconducting magnet system. The critical current of the insert coil at saturated superfluid helium temperature (1.8 K) in the bias field of 20.8 T, was 275 A, and the field generated at this current was 0.7 T. As a result, we could achieve the field generation of 21.5 T at the center of the magnet system which was the highest field obtained by the full superconducting state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112194
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochrome P450-dependent drug oxidation activities in liver microsomes of various animal species including rats, guinea pigs, dogs, monkeys, and humans (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 71 (1997), S. 401-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Cytochrome P450  ;  CYP  ;  Species  ;   Drug metabolism  ;  Liver microsomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Levels of cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) proteins immunoreactive to antibodies raised against human CYP1A2, 2A6, 2C9, 2E1, and 3A4, monkey CYP2B17, and rat CYP2D1 were determined in liver microsomes of rats, guinea pigs, dogs, monkeys, and humans. We also examined several drug oxidation activities catalyzed by liver microsomes of these animal species using eleven P450 substrates such as phenacetin, coumarin, pentoxyresorufin, phenytoin, S-mephenytoin, bufuralol, aniline, benzphetamine, ethylmorphine, erythromycin, and nifedipine; the activities were compared with the levels of individual P450 enzymes. Monkey liver P450 proteins were found to have relatively similar immunochemical properties by immunoblotting analysis to the human enzymes, which belong to the same P450 gene families. Mean catalytic activities (on basis of mg microsomal protein) of P450-dependent drug oxidations with eleven substrates were higher in liver microsomes of monkeys than of humans, except that humans showed much higher activities for aniline p-hydroxylation than those catalyzed by monkeys. However, when the catalytic activities of liver microsomes of monkeys and humans were compared on the basis of nmol of P450, both species gave relatively similar rates towards the oxidation of phenacetin, coumarin, pentoxyresorufin, phenytoin, mephenytoin, benzphetamine, ethylmorphine, erythromycin, and nifedipine, while the aniline p-hydroxylation was higher and bufuralol 1′-hydroxylation was lower in humans than monkeys. On the other hand, the immunochemical properties of P450 proteins and the activities of P450-dependent drug oxidation reactions in dogs, guinea pigs, and rats were somewhat different from those of monkeys and humans; the differences in these animal species varied with the P450 enzymes examined and the substrates used. The results presented in this study provide useful information towards species-related differences in susceptibilities of various animal species regarding actions and toxicities of drugs and xenobiotic chemicals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050403
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CYP2A6 genetic polymorphisms and liver microsomal coumarin and nicotine oxidation activities in Japanese and Caucasians (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 73 (2000), S. 532-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key wordsCYP2A6 polymorphism ; Coumarin ; Nicotine ; Japanese ; Caucasian
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genotypes of CYP2A6, namely CYP2A6 * 1 (wild-type), CYP2A6 * 2, and CYP2A6 * 3, were examined in liver DNA of 39 Japanese and 43 Caucasians using two-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. We first amplified a DNA fragment (1725 bp) located between near middle of exon 1 and end of exon 4 of the CYP2A6 gene and further amplified using a forward primer 't' or 'mut' (middle of exon 3) and a reverse primer 'E3R' (middle of intron 3) for the detection of CYP2A6 * 2-genetic polymorphism. The 1725 bp fragment was also used for the amplification between exon 3 and near middle of intron 3 of the CYP2A6 gene and the fragment thus obtained digested with XcmI or DdeI to detect and confirm the CYP2A6 * 2- and CYP2A6 * 3-types, respectively. Only one DNA sample from a Japanese origin (J18) was not amplified by CYP2A6-specific primers; liver microsomes from this individual had very low activity of coumarin 7-hydroxylation and were devoid of protein(s) immunoreactive to anti-CYP2A6 antibody. Thus, this individual was suggested to be due to the gene deletion in CYP2A6. By analyzing the remaining 38 Japanese and 43 Caucasians, we found that there were no cases of CYP2A6 * 3-type polymorphism in the samples examined in this study, and no cases of CYP2A6 * 2-type polymorphism in the Japanese samples. Of Caucasians studied two individuals were classified into heterozygous CYP2A6 * 1/ * 2-type. Liver microsomal coumarin 7-hydroxylation activities in these two Caucasians were found to be lower than those of the other 41 Caucasians. Kinetic analysis showed that two CYP2A6 * 1/ * 2 individuals had a very low ratio of V max to K m for nicotine C-oxidation as well as coumarin 7-hydroxylation in liver microsomes, compared with those of homozygous CYP2A6 * 1-type. These results suggest that among 39 Japanese and 43 Caucasians examined one Japanese is classified to be CYP2A6 gene deletion and two Caucasians are heterozygous CYP2A6 * 1/ * 2-genotype. Thus the race-related differences in the occurrence of CYP2A6 genetic polymorphisms were supported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050005
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Roles of CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 in nicotine C-oxidation by human liver microsomes (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 73 (1999), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Nicotine ; CYP2A6 ; CYP2B6 ; Human P450 ; Liver microsomes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nicotine C-oxidation by recombinant human cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) enzymes and by human liver microsomes was investigated using a convenient high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Experiments with recombinant human P450 enzymes in baculovirus systems, which co-express human nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) (NADPH)-P450 reductase, revealed that CYP2A6 had the highest nicotine C-oxidation activities followed by CYP2B6 and CYP2D6; the K m values by these three P450 enzymes were determined to be 11.0, 105, and 132 μM, respectively, and the V max values to be 11.0, 8.2, and 8.6 nmol/min per nmol P450, respectively. CYP2E1, 2C19, 1A2, 2C8, 3A4, 2C9, and 1A1 catalysed nicotine C-oxidation only at high (500 μM) substrate concentration. CYP1B1, 2C18, 3A5, and 4A11 had no measurable activities even at 500 μM nicotine. In liver microsomes of 16 human samples, nicotine C-oxidation activities were correlated with CYP2A6 contents at 10 μM substrate concentration, whereas such correlation coefficients were decreased when the substrate concentration was increased to 500 μM. Contribution of CYP2B6 (as well as CYP2A6) was demonstrated by experiments with the effects of orphenadrine (and also coumarin and anti-CYP2A6) on the nicotine C-oxidation activities by human liver microsomes at 500 μM nicotine. CYP2D6 was found to have minor roles since quinidine did not inhibit microsomal nicotine C-oxidation at both 10 and 500 μM substrate concentrations. These results support the view that CYP2A6 has major roles for nicotine C-oxidation at lower substrate concentration and both CYP2A6 and 2B6 play roles at higher substrate concentrations in human liver microsomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050588
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutagenicity of a polar portion in the neutral fraction separated from organic extracts of airborne particulates (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 16 (1987), S. 409-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Six fractions were prepared from an organic extract of airborne particulate matter collected between June 1983 and May 1984 by liquid-liquid partition and silica gel column chromatography. These fractions were assayed for their mutagenicities by the AmesSalmonella and sister chromatid exchange tests, with and without metabolic activation. After metabolic activation, a moderately polar fraction had the greatest mutagenicity per weight inSalmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. Ten subfractions were subsequently obtained from this fraction by high-pressure liquid chromatography, which were subjected to capillary gas chromatography with a nitrogen-phosphorous selective detector, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, in addition to further investigation of their mutagenicities. The characterized components were classified into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxygenated PAHs (containing ketones, quinones, coumarines and aldehydes), and azaarenes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055261
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Broadwell model of the Boltzmann equation for a simple discrete velocity gas (1976)
    Springer
    Applied mathematics & optimization 3 (1976), S. 27-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0606
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The Broadwell model of the Boltzmann equation for a simple discrete velocity gas is investigated on two asymptotic problems. (a) The decay of solutions inx∈R ast→+∞. (b) The hydrodynamical limit in the compressible Euler level as the mean free path∈→0.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02106189
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructural observation of Nb3Al multifilamentary superconducting wires (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 28 (1993), S. 942-948 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A sample preparation technique is developed for the transversal observation of Nb tube processed multifilamentary wire. Microstructure characterization of the cross-section of Nb-25 at % (Al-2 at % Cu) wire has been carried out with analytical transmission electron microscopy. Intermetallic compound phases of A15, σ and NbAl3 are observed in a specimen heat-treated at 1023 K. Volume fraction changes of the individual phases indicate that σ and NbAl3 phases formed at the prior Al-core region in the early stage of the heat treatment, and thereafter A15 phase particles grew and coalesced with each other, consuming Nb and σ phase. A change in the volume fraction of A15 phase is correlated with superconducting properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400877
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Usefulness of femoro(ilio)-axillar bypass surgery for the treatment of subclavian steal syndrome caused by aortitis syndrome (1995)
    Springer
    Heart and vessels 10 (1995), S. 111-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Keywords: Aortitis syndrome ; Subclavian steal syndrome ; Femoro-axillar bypass ; Ilio-axillar bypass ; Graft flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In two patients with subclavian steal syndrome associated with aortitis syndrome, retrograde bypass grafting from the femoral or common iliac artery to the axillary artery resulted in the disappearance of symptoms. One patient, a 37-year-old female, was treated with a bypass from the left femoral artery to the left axillary artery with a 10-mm ring-supported double velour knitted Dacron graft. The other patient, a 54-year-old female, with the complication of moderate aortic regurgitation, was treated with a bypass from the left common iliac artery to the left axillary artery with an 8-mm EPTFE graft. These bypass grafts were angiographically confirmed to be patent after the operation. When changes in graft flow in different body positions (supine, sitting, and standing) were examined, using a transcutaneous Doppler flow meter, 5 years after the operation, resting graft flow to the upper extremities showed no consistent changes among the three different positions and was maintained in a stable condition, regardless of the patients' positions. Furthermore, graft flow increased while the left arm exercised. This finding, together with the clinical efficacy, indicates that this mode of retrograde bypass grafting may be effective in some selected patients with this complicated syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01744502
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorescencein situ hybridization analysis of chromosomal localization of three human cytochrome P450 2C genes (CYP2C8, 2C9, and 2C10) at 10q24.1 (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of human genetics 39 (1994), S. 337-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-232X
    Keywords: fluorescencein situ hybridization ; CYP2C subfamily ; chromosome 10 ; chromosomal localization ; polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chromosomal localization of three human cytochrome P450 genes belonging to the CYP2C subfamily (CYP2C8, 2C9, and 2C10) was identified by fluorescencein situ hybridization (FISH). An original MP-8 clone was used as a DNA probe for the assignment of the CYP2C10 gene, while two cDNA probes, a 1.37 kb fragment of CYP2C8 and a 1.19 kb fragment (MP-20 and MP-4 clones, respectively) by polymerase chain reaction using a single human liver cDNA library. The results showed that three human CYP2C8, 2C9, and 2C10 cDNAs were located at the same subchromosomal region, 10q24.1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01874052
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