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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 1480-1484 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 49 (1971), S. 1222-1229 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Airway obstruction ; trapped air ; Bodyplethysmographic measurements ; Atemwegsobstruktion ; gefesselte Luft ; ganzkörperplethysmographische Messungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Anhand klinischer Verlaufsbeobachtungen und entsprechend dem Schweregrad klinischer Krankheitsbilder bei chronisch obstruktiver Atemwegserkrankung werden im Vergleich zu den ganzkörperplethysmographischen Druckströmungskurven 7 Typen von Kurven unterschieden. Diese typischen Kurvenformen sind weitgehend durch die bei dieser Krankheit meßbaren endinspiratorisch gefesselte Luft und durch die im Verlauf der Ausatmung zusätzlich in Fesselung geratende Luft zu erklären. Neben der atemsynchronen Druckdifferenz in der gefesselten Luft kommt es auch in den ventilierbaren Alveolarräumen zu erheblichen atemsynchronen Druckdifferenzen.
    Notes: Summary The severity of the clinical state in chronic obstructive airway diseases established from the continued clinical observation becomes comparable to 7 different types of bodyplethysmographie pressure-flow curves. To date, these typical curve forms in airway obstructive disease may be explained by the determinable trapped air at the end-inspiratory phase and trapped additional air at the expiratory phase. Besides, the respiratory pressure difference in trapped air, there is also a considerable respiratory pressure difference in the ventilated alveolar space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 14614-14618 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Journal of applied ichthyology 20 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The level of genetic variation provides the raw material for selective improvement of a stock. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was used to assess the genetic variation in three rivers: the Halda, the Jamuna and the Padma as well as in one hatchery population of the commercially important Indian major carp, Labeo rohita. RAPD markers were amplified from DNA samples of 35 fish from each of the four populations using six decamer random primers. The polymorphic loci proportions were 0.33, 0.28, 0.28 and 0.26 and Nei's gene diversity values were 0.06, 0.07, 0.06 and 0.05 for the Halda, the Jamuna, the Padma and the hatchery populations, respectively. The pairwise population differentiation (FST) values indicated a low level of genetic differentiation between the population pairs. From the unweighted pair group method of arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram based on Nei's genetic distances a correlation between genetic affinities and geographical area was found. The populations were segregated into two groups: the Halda in one group and the Jamuna, the Padma and the hatchery in another group. Overall, the RAPD technique can be introduced as a tool in the population genetics of the rohu fish to provide information on their genetic stock structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: high-temperature oxidation ; Fe–Cr–Al alloys ; cyclic oxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The detailed oxidation behavior of Fe–10Cr alloys, containing aluminumin the range of 2–8% by weight, was studied in pure oxygen at 1 atmpressure. The investigations were performed over the temperature range950–1050°C under cyclic conditions (3-hr cycles) in each case. Thecyclic-oxidation resistance, as measured by the specific weight-gain values,was observed to progressively improve with increasing aluminum content inthe alloy. For a particular aluminum content, however, the oxidationresistance decreased with increasing temperature. Following the initialtransient-oxidation period, a healing layer of chromia was established onthe four alloys. The lower-aluminum alloys (2–4% Al) were observedto end up with Fe-rich oxide scales under the experimental conditions atall temperatures, whereas those containing aluminum in the range of6–8% formed α-Al2O3 scales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1992), S. 160-163 
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Diarrhoea ; seasonality ; toxigenicity ; Vibrio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Diarrhoea due toVibrio cholerae non-01 is common in Bangladesh. Four hundred and eighty samples, including plants, water, phytoplankton and sediment, were collected from five ponds in Dhaka every 15 days for one year.V. cholerae non-01 was isolated from 181 (38%) of the samples. Two peaks were evident: one in April and the other in August/September. Forty-three (23%) of the 181 isolates were examined for toxigenicity and 19% were cytotoxic to Y1 adrenal cells. This study provides evidence of the likely infectious nature of some ponds and may have relevance to the epidemiology of diarrhoea caused byV. cholerae non-01 in Bangladesh.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Microcosm ; non-culturable ; PCR ; Vibrio cholerae O139
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Non-culturable Vibrio cholerae O139 was detected in microcosms by PCR and fluorescent-antibody (FA) techniques. When survival of V. cholerae O139 in microcosms was assessed by viable counting on culture media, the vibrio became non-culturable after 44 days and remained non-culturable for an additional 7 weeks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 29 (1972), S. 221-232 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of sulphur-dioxide (SO2) on the bronchial reactivity against acetylcholine (ACH) is carried out on 25 dogs. The dogs were exposed initially to acetylcholine aerosol, then to SO2 for 1 hr and again to ACH. 3 such cycles were repeated. The concentration of SO2 used were 1, 2, 5 and 10 ppm and the controls were given room air in place of SO2. The parameters studied were intrathoracic pressure as the indicator of bronchoconstriction, blood oxygen and carbon-dioxide, tidal volume, respiratory rates and arterial blood pressure. All the SO2 exposed animals have shown a significant increase of bronchial sensitivity than those of the controls. Maximum sensitization was induced by 2 ppm. The reaction provoked by 1 and 5 ppm were almost of the same order and little smaller than 2 ppm but greater than those produced by 10 ppm. The peak reactions against ACH observed for 1, 2 and 5 ppm were 3, 2 and 1 hr of exposure, respectively. After attaining the peak points, the reactions declined in all the 3 groups. But no such trend was obtained for those animals exposed to 10 ppm of SO2. The role of small concentration of SO2 as bronchial sensitizing agent against ACH is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Airway obstruction ; External stenosis ; Acetylcholine-inhalation ; Breathing mechanics ; Obstruction des voies aériennes ; Sténose externe ; Acetylcholine inhalation ; Mécanique respiratoire ; Atemwegsobstruktion ; Externe Stenose ; Acetylcholininhalation ; Atemmechanik
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les mesures des résistances au débit aérien dans les voies aériennes, du volume gazeux intrathoracique, des variations des pressions intrapleurales et intraalvéolaires chez des sujets sains des groupes d'âge différents sous l'influence d'une sténose respiratoire externe, de mÊme que chez des sujets sains sous l'influence d'une obstruction des voies aériennes induite par l'acétylcholine, permettent de tirer les conclusions suivantes comparativement aux patients porteurs d'une maladie chronique obstructive des voies aériennes: 1. Le volume gazeux intrathoracique élevé chez des sujets sains, âgés de plus de 50 ans, n'a pour conséquence aucune diminution des forces élastiques du poumon dans le cadre du volume courant utilisable. 2. Lors d'une broncho-constriction provoquée, les poumons des sujets sains âgés ne sont pas distendus plus fort que ceux des jeunes adultes. 3. Pas de réduction des débits aériens inspiratoires et expiratoires maxima chez des sujets sains sous l'influence d'une broncho-constriction, provoquée par l'acétylcholine ou chez des patients porteurs d'une maladie chronique obstructive des voies aériennes. Mais les débits inspiratoires et expiratoires diminuent d'une manière considérable en cas d'une sténose externe. 4. Les différences plus grandes entre les altérations des pressions alvéolaires et celles des pressions intrapleurales avec l'accroissement des résistances au débit aérien sont dues aux facteurs mentionnés au-dessus. 5. Lors des résistances au débit aérien comparables, les volumes gazeux intrathoracique étaient considérablement plus larges chez des patients atteints de maladie chronique obstructive des voies aériennes que chez des sujets soumis à une sténose respiratoire externe. 6. L'accroissement de l'air captivé est considéré comme cause de l'augmentation excessive du volume gazeux intrathoracique chez des patients porteurs des obstructions des voies aériennes en connexion avec l'altération anatomo-pathologique de la structure pulmonaire. 7. Chez les sujets sains sous l'influence d'une grave sténose respiratoire externe, la paroi thoracique n'atteigne pas à la limite des valeurs d'élastance. 8. La limite des valeurs d'élastance pulmonaire est souvent atteinte lors des résistances au débit aérien relativement petites chez des patients avec l'antagonisme diaphragme-paroi intrathoracique. 9. La pression moyenne intrathoracique comme pression de référence pour le système circulatoire et pour le c∄ur n'est pas changée d'une manière significative sous l'influence d'une obstruction des voies aériennes malgré des variations fortes synchrones des pressions respiratoires.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Messung der Strömungswiderstände in den Atemwegen, des intrathorakalen Gasvolumens, der Intrapleural- und Intraalveolardruckschwankungen bei gesunden Versuchspersonen in verschiedenen Altersgruppen unter externer Stenoseatmung wie bei gesunden Versuchspersonen nach acetylcholininduzierter Atemwegsobstruktion ermöglicht im Vergleich zu Patienten mit chronisch obstruktiver Atemwegserkrankung folgende Aussagen: 1. Das bei älteren gesunden Personen nachzuweisende erhöhte intrathorakale Gasvolumen hat keine verminderten elastischen Kräfte der Lunge im nutzbaren Atemvolumenbereich zur Folge. 2. Die Lunge wird bei älteren Versuchspersonen bei Atemwegsobstruktion nicht stärker überdehnt als bei jugendlichen Versuchspersonen. 3. Unter Acetylcholinobstruktion bei gesunden Versuchspersonen wie bei Patienten mit chronisch obstruktiver Atemwegserkrankung nimmt die maximale inspiratorische und exspiratorische Strömung mit größeren Strömungswiderständen nicht ab, im Gegensatz zu externer Stenoseatmung. 4. Die atemsynchronen alveolären und intrapleuralen Druckdifferenzen sind deshalb entsprechend den Strömungswiderständen vergrößert. 5. Das intrathorakale Gasvolumen nimmt bei Patienten mit chronisch obstruktiver Atemwegserkrankung bei vergleichbaren Strömungswiderständen wesentlich stärker zu als bei externer Stenoseatmung. 6. Als Ursache für die übermäßige Zunahme des intrathorakalen Gasvolumens wird die Zunahme der gefesselten Luft in Zusammenhang mit dem pathologischanatomischen Umbau der Lunge bei Patienten mit Atemwegsobstruktion angesehen. 7. Bei gesunden Versuchspersonen kommt die Thoraxwand auch bei schwerer externer Stenoseatmung nicht an die Grenze der Dehnbarkeit. 8. Bei Patienten wird diese Grenze der Dehnbarkeit oft mit dem dann folgenden Zwerchfell-Thoraxwand-Antagonismus bei relativ geringen Strömungswiderständen erreicht. 9. Der mittlere Intrapleuraldruck als Referenzdruck für das intrathorakale Kreislaufsystem und für das Herz ändert sich unter der Atemwegsobstruktion trotz starker atemsynchroner Druckschwankungen nicht wesentlich.
    Notes: Summary The effects of breathing against external stenosis and acetylcholine inhalation on airway-resistance, intrathoracic gas volume, intrapleural and intraalveolar pressure changes were studied in healthy subjects of different age groups. Those parameters were also determined in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive airway diseases. Analysis of the data made possible to make the following comments: 1. The older subjects with increased intrathoracic gas volume did not reveal any decrease of elastic forces of the lung within the normal breathing range. 2. The older and younger subject groups showed no differences in extra-stretching of the lung in induced bronchoconstriction. 3. There was no decrease of maximum inspiratory and expiratory flows either in acetylcholine induced bronchoconstriction or in patients with chronic obstructive diseases. But inspiratory and exspiratory flows decreased appreciably against extra thoracic resistance. 4. The greater differences between the alveolar and intrapleural pressure changes with increased flow resistances were due to those factors mentioned above. 5. Intrathoracic gas volumes were substantially greater in patients than in those subjects under stenosis breathing with comparable airway resistances. 6. The greater increase of intrathoracic gas volume in patients would be, possibly, due to “trapped air”. 7. The thoracic wall of healthy subjects did not reach to the elastic limit under stenosis breathing. 8. The elastic limit might often appear in patients with diaphragm thoracic wall antagonism in relatively low flow resistive-force. 9. The mean intrathoracic pressure as reference pressure for the circulatory system and for the heart did not reveal any appreciable change in airway-obstruction; despite there were significant respiratory pressure-fluctuations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Vagus ; Bronchoconstriction ; Acetylcholine ; Histamine ; Artificial ventilation ; Spontaneous breathing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of the vagus nerves on resting respiratory resistance (R1) and dynamic lung elastance (Edyn) and the mechanism of action of inhaled aerosol of histamine (Hist) and acetylcholine (ACH) were studied in anesthetized spontaneously breathing and artificially ventilated dogs. Observations were also extended to study the effect of electrical stimuli to cut ends of both vagi alone and during inhalation of aerosols. Bilateral cervical vagal blockade by local application of novocaine solution (2.5%) or bilateral vagotomy reduced resting R1 and Edyn and prevented increase of these parameters following inhalation of aerosols of Hist or ACH in spontaneously breathing dogs. However, the similar vagal blockade or vagotomy in artificially ventilated animals showed neither an influence on resting R1 and Edyn nor could it prevent their increase following the exposure to aerosol of Hist or ACH. Electrical stimuli to the peripheral cut ends of vagi induced slight increase in R1 and Edyn, but the effect on heart rate and systemic blood pressure was very strong. The combined effects of aerosol of Hist or ACH and electrical stimuli were additive. It is concluded that inhalation of aerosol of Hist or ACH produced two kinds of effects on respiration: (1) Increased respiratory rates with reduced tidal volume and with bronchoconstriction which were vagusdependent (spontaneous breathing model), and (2) bronchoconstriction which was a direct response of smooth muscle without involving a reflex (artificial ventilation model).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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