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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 40 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An enzyme immunoassay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ELISA) to detect mouse antibody to exotoxin of Pseudomonas pseudomallei was developed in which exotoxin preparations were used to coat the solid phase. The specificity of the assay was supported by inhibition assays with the toxin preparations. Sera from immunised mice and supernatants from antitoxin-producing hybridoma cells were tested by this technique, and the ELISA described appears to provide a sensitive, specific, and practical method for the determination of (a) antibody to exotoxin, and (b) concentration of exotoxin. Both systems may prove invaluable in the diagnosis of melioidosis and in epidemiological studies of melioidosis in endemic areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biological Conservation 69 (1994), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 0006-3207
    Keywords: Crocodylus ; East Malaysia ; crocodile ; distribution
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 15 (1993), S. 1467-1481 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: General theory and models of magnetic ordering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Exact results on the single-spin-flip Glauber dynamics of six-coupled random field Ising spins with the coordination number of four are presented. Two distributions of random fields (RF), binary (BD) and Gaussian (GD) ones, are investigated. The effects of the static magnetic field are discussed. In the zero-magnetic-field case, the number of diverging relaxation times is equal to the number of energy minima minus one. This rule breaks in the presence of a magnetic field. The longest relaxation times in the absence of the field verify the Arrhenius law with the energy barrier determined by the energy needed to invert the ground-state spin configuration. At low temperature, according to the Arrhenius law, the spectrum of relaxation times shows a two-peaked distribution on a logarithmic scale. In the GD case of RF, the energy barrier distribution is continuous, while it is quasi-discrete in the BD case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zwecks Beurteilung einer möglichen Anwendung von Dapsone (4-Diaminodiphenylsulfon) zur Wiederherstellung des oxydativen Metabolismus und der bakteriziden Potenz polymorphkerniger Leukozyten bei Patienten mit chronischen Granulomatosen wurde das aktive Dapsone-Derivat 4-Amino-4′-Hydroxylaminodiphenylsulfon (DDS-NOH) hinsichtlich seiner Fähigkeit geprüft, reduzierte Sauerstoffverbindungen zu erzeugen. In einem zellfreien System reduzierte DDS-NOH den Redoxfarbstoff Nitroblau-Tetrazolium (NBT); die Reaktion wurde durch Peroxiddismutase (SOD) — ein spezifisches Enzym, das durch das Peroxid-Anion vermittelte Reaktionen hemmt — aufgehoben. Zusatz von Katalase, Natriumbenzoat und Mannit — sämtlich hochavide Überträger des Hydroxylradikals — war ohne Wirkung auf die NBT-Reduktion durch DDS-NOH. In einem zellfreien System waren hohe DDS-NOH-Konzentrationen bakterizid fürStaphylococcus aureus 502A, die Wirkung wurde durch die SOD verstärkt. Katalase, jedoch nicht Benzoat oder der avide O2-Überträger β-Karotin, hoben den bakteriziden Effekt des DDS-NOH in Gegenwart von SOD auf. Inkubation polymorphkerniger Leukozyten der genannten Patienten mit 0.2 und 1.0 mM DDS-NOH für 30 min steigerte das Ausmaß der Glukose-1-14C-Oxydierung und der Jodbindung ingerierter Zymosanpartikel auf die Werte bei Kontroll-Leukozyten. Jedoch wurde die bakterizide Potenz nur teilweise restituiert. Gewaschene, vorher mit DDS-NOH inkubierte Polymorphkernige der Patienten wiesen keine Verstärkung der bakteriziden Aktivität auf; dies stützt die Annahme, daß DDS-NOH nicht in die Zelle eindringt. Inkubation Polymorphkerniger von Gesunden und von Patienten in 0.2 mM DDS-NOH begünstigte die Anlagerung von Concanavalin A an der Plasmamembran und die Einlagerung des Granularenzyms Myeloperoxydase in Phagozytenvesikel. Beide Reaktionen beruhen auf der Dissoziierung zytoplasmatischer Mikrotubuli, was sich unmittelbar durch die3H-Colchizinbindung bestätigen läßt. Aus diesen Versuchen ist zu folgern, daß DDS-NOH Peroxid-Anionen und H2O2 erzeugt, die bakterizid wirken. Jedoch sind die oxydierenden Eigenschaften des DDS-NOH toxisch für die sulfhydrylhaltigen Mikrotubuli und erlauben daher nur eine Teilrestitution der phagozytären Funktion polymorphkerniger Leukozyten bei Kranken mit Granulomatosen.
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the potential use of dapsone (4-diaminodiphenyl sulfone), to restore oxidative metabolism and bactericidal potency to polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes from patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), the active derivative of dapsone, 4-amino-4′-hydroxylaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS-NOH) was evaluated for its ability to generate reduced products of oxygen. In a cell free system, DDS-NOH reduced the redox dye, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and the reaction was ablated by superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme specific for inhibiting superoxide anion mediated reactions. Addition of catalase, a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and sodium benzoate or mannitol, both scavengers of hydroxyl radical, had no effect on the reduction of NBT by DDS-NOH. In an acellular system, high concentrations of DDS-NOH were bactericidal forStaphylococcus aureus 502A and the effect was enhanced by SOD. Catalase, but not benzoate or the singlet oxygen scavenger, beta carotene, eliminated the bactericidal effect of DDS-NOH in the presence of SOD. Incubation of CGD PMNs with 0.2 and 1.0mM DDS-NOH for 30 minutes improved the rate of glucose-1-14C oxidation and the rate of iodination of ingested zymosan particles to activities observed in control leukocytes. However, the bactericidal response was only partially restored. Washed leukocytes previously incubated with DDS-NOH failed to show enhancement of bactericidal activity in CGD PMN supporting the idea that DDS-NOH does not enter the cell. Exposure of normal and CGD PMN to 0.02mM DDS-NOH promoted capping of Concanavalin A (Con A) on the plasma membrane and improved the translocation of the granular enzyme, myeloperoxidase into phagocytic vesicles. Both responses depend upon the disassembly of cytoplasmic microtubules confirmed directly by3H colchicine binding. These studies indicate that DDS-NOH generates superoxide anion and H2O2 which are bactericidal but the oxidative properties of DDS-NOH are toxic toward the sulfhydryl containing microtubules allowing only partial restoration of CGD PMN phagocytic function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 3 (1987), S. 343-366 
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La melioïdose humaine est endémique en Asie du Sud-Est et en Australie tropicale. Toutefois, des rapports d'un nombre accru de cas arrivent d'autres parties du monde. L'accroissement des voyages de par le monde et le potentiel de l'infection de personne à personne dans les régions non-endémiques sont vraisemblablement responsables du fait que les médecins et les microbiologistes médicaux rencontrent la maladie plus souvent qu'auparavant. Tant la maladie, la melioïdose que l'organisme que la cause,Pseudomonas pseudomallei ont des caractéristiques inhabituelles, qui les rendent dignes de considération. Dans cette revue, on passe en revue la microbiologie dePseudomonas pseudomallei. On présente des études originales en présence de fimbriae et les facteurs qui influencent la pathogénicité de l'organisme sont discutés. On dècrit les propriétés des diverses endotoxines. On résume les connaissances actuelles vétérinaires et médicales relatives à la maladie. On attire l'attention sur ces faits — la latence prolongée, la multiplicité de symptômes, le manque de diagnostic spécifique — qui rendent le diagnostic difficile. Finallement, on détaille la technique ELISA pour la détection de la toxine dePseudomonas pseudomallei. Cette dernière pourrait bien être une méthode pour l'examen rapide des patients, permettant à une thérapeutique appropriée d'être mise en place au moment le plus précoce.
    Abstract: Resumen La melioidosis humana es una enfermedad endémica en el Sureste Asiático y en la zona tropical de Australia. Sin embargo se ha observado un incremento del número de casos en otras partes del mundo. La posibilidad de que médicos y microbiólogos puedan encontrarse con esta enfermedad en zonas no endémicas es cada vez mayor debido al incremento en la frecuencia y el número de personas que viajan y a la posibilidad de contagio persona a persona. Tanto la enfermedad, melioidosis, como el organismo causal,Pseudomonas pseudomallei, tienen peculiaridades que los hacen dignos de estudio. En esta revisión se presentan las características microbiológicas dePsedomonas pseudomallei, junto con estudios originales sobre la presencia de ‘fimbriae’ y se discuten los factores que influyen sobre la patogenicidad del organismo. Se describen las propiedeades de varias ‘exotoxinas’. Se subrayan los conocimientos médicos y veterinarios relacionados con la enfermedad. Se llama la atención sobre las características que dificultan el diagnóstico, como: periodo de latencia prolongado, multiplicidad de síntomas y carencia de un procedimiento de diagnóstico específico. Por último se describe detalladamente una técnica ELISA para la detección de toxinas dePseudomonas pseudomallei que puede representar un método de diagnóstico rápido que permita aplicar la terapeutica apropiada sin demoras.
    Notes: Summary Human melioidosis is endemic in South East Asia and tropical Australia. However, increasing numbers of case reports are coming from other parts of the world. Increasing world travel and the potential for person-to-person infection in non-endemic areas make the likelihood of physicians and medical microbiologists encountering the disease far greater than heretofore. Both the disease, melioidosis, and the causative organism,Pseudomonas pseudomallei, have unusual features which render them worthy of consideration. In this review, an overview is given of the microbiology ofPseudomonas pseudomallei. Original studies on the presence of fimbriae are presented and factors influencing pathogenicity of the organism discussed. Descriptions of the properties of the various ‘exotoxins’ are presented. Current veterinary and medical knowledge relating to the disease is outlined. Attention is drawn to those features—prolonged latency, multiplicity of presenting conditions and lack of a specific diagnostic characteristic—which make diagnosis difficult. Finally, details of an ELISA technique for the detection ofPseudomonas pseudomallei toxin are described. This may represent a method for rapid screening of patients allowing appropriate therapy to begin at the earliest moment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: ELISA ; exotoxin ; immunodiagnosis ; melioidiosis ; Pseudomonas pseudomallei ; serum agglutination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The optimization and development of an ELISA-disc procedure for the detection of antibodies to whole cell surface antigens and purified exotoxin ofPseudomonas pseudomallei is described. Comparison of the serum agglutination test (SAT), the serum based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the ELISA-disc procedures used on goat and human sera demonstrated a high correlation in their ability to detect antibodies specific forP. pseudomallei antigens. A serological survey using the ELISA-disc method was carried out on a normal human population in Sabah, Malaysia, an area known to be endemic for melioidosis. The prevalances of antibodies towards cell surface antigens and exotoxin ofP. pseudomallei were 28% and 8%, respectively. As a procedure, the ELISA-disc technique reported here is technically simple and provides savings in costs and is thus deemed suitable for seroepidemiological surveillance of melioidosis in remote areas of South-East Asia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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