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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 37 (1989), S. 596-600 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 207 (1998), S. 304-310 
    ISSN: 1431-4630
    Keywords: Key words Apple mealiness ; Sensory perception ; Consumers ; Repertory Grid method ; Generalized Procrustes analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract   The Repertory Grid method was used to aid consumers in developing a vocabulary to describe the sensory characteristics perceived from samples of three varieties of apples (Cox, Jonagold and Boskoop) from three different harvest dates each (early, middle, and late harvest). The aims of this work were to study whether consumers perceived different degrees of mealiness and to compare the perceptual spaces of samples obtained from consumer data and from conventional profiling with a trained panel, using Generalized Procrustes analysis. The relative positions of samples were similar for the consumers and the trained assessors' consensus spaces but the latter resulted in a better separation of samples. Boskoop samples were perceived as more acid, astringent, crispy and hard while the Cox variety was described as sweeter and more floury. Jonagold samples were perceived as juicier and occupied an intermediate position, with the mealy Jonagold sample closer to the Cox samples. The agreement between sample spaces showed that both panels perceived the major differences between samples in a similar way but the trained panel was able to differentiate further, mainly between the texture characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 177 (1975), S. 67-74 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A cytochemical method has been used to test claims that the differentiation of the mouse morulae can be accounted for by the position of the blastomeres: the central becoming inner mass cells and the peripheral trophoblast cells. The cytochemical method is an adaptation of Gomori-Takamatsu's demonstration of alkaline phosphatase activity, which stains the inner cell mass and not the trophoblast. The significance of this procedure is dicussed. A simple physical model shows that by packing spheres of similar size, at least 17 are needed to have one completely enclosed. On these basis, if the position is the decisive factor, alkaline phosphatase activity should be detected in embryos with more than 17 cells. Table 1 shows that it is a correct assumption. But since blastomeres that have gone through more cell cycles are smaller and have a better chance of reaching a central position, it became necessary to dissociate number of cells from number of cell cycles. This we did by detecting the appearance of the enzyme activity in halved and fused embryos developedin vitro. Table 2 shows that the activity is detected in halved embryos from the 11-cell stage onwards. Table 3 shows that it is detected in fusion embryos from the 22-cell stage onwards. The results suggest that a temporal coordinate, the number of cell cycles or another temporal change, might interact with the spatial coordinate to produce differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 193 (1984), S. 205-210 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Rat early embryo ; Regionalization ; Polarization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In rat pre-implantation embryos, we compared the polarization of cytoplasmic organelles with cell membrane regionalization as revealed by the cytochemical demonstration of 5′-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase. The polarization is shown at the eight-cell stage by columns of organelles extending from the nuclei to the embryo periphery. No consistent segregation of cytoplasmic components was recognized prior to the eight-cell stage. As to regionalization, both enzyme activities were demonstrated, from the late four-cell stage onwards on the cell surface between blastomeres of early and late morulae, while the external surface of the embryo lacked these activities. In early blastocysts, these enzyme activities were lost on the inner surface of the blastocyst cavity and in late blastocysts; 5′-nucleotidase activity appeared on the external surface of the embryonal trophoplast and extended to the abembryonal pole. From these observations we conclude that cell membrane regionalization precedes the polarization of the cytoplasm; however, this temporal relationship does not necessarily imply a causal relationship, since both phenomena may be independent expressions of an underlying morphonetic process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 198 (1989), S. 233-241 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Morula ; Cytoskeleton ; Intercellular ; Connections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Observations by scanning electron microscopy of mouse cleaving embryos reveal the presence of long microvilli around cell contact regions that often bridge the gap between blastomeres. These microvilli correspond, in detergent-extracted morulae, to strings connecting the cortical cytoskeletons of adjoining cells. They appear about 4 h after compaction in synchronized cultures. Transmission electron microscopy, heavy meromyosin decoration and DNase I digestion show that cytoskeletal connections contain bundles of actin microfilaments. The establishment of cytoskeletal connections does not require immediate protein synthesis, as shown by incubation with cycloheximide. Diverse treatments that interfere with compaction were tested for the development of cytoskeletal connections: culture media with low Ca2+ and/or Mg2+, or EGTA, or α-lactalbumin, do not prevent the establishment of connections, while colchicine delays their appearance and cytochalasin D suppresses it. The relation between cytoskeletal connections, compaction and blastulation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 197 (1988), S. 360-365 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Mouse ova ; Centrifugation ; Regulation ; Cytoskeleton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two-cell mouse ova, which were centrifuged for l h at 70 000–90 000xg, showed a precise stratification of the cytoplasm and an elongation of the nucleus. The ova were fixed at different times and observed by light and electron microscopy using cytochemical methods and detergent extractions. Within 40 min after centrifugation the normal-looking morphology was recovered except for the persisting lipid caps at the centripetal poles of the blastomeres. Cleavage, compaction and blastulation were not prevented by centrifugation. Treatments with colcemid or cytochalasin D delayed but did not impair recovery. These results suggest that a resilient cytoskeletal structure may be involved in this kind of embryonic regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hereditary hydronephrosis (MIM 143400) is an autosomal dominant trait that causes unilateral or bilateral pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction. Linkage analysis was undertaken in 5 families with hereditary PUJ obstruction using the major histocompatibility complex locus as a test marker. The data as a whole supported a hereditary hydronephrosis locus on 6p. Maximal lod scores were 3.090 at a recombination fraction of 0.1 with full penetrance, and 2.486 at a recombination fraction of 0.1 with a penetrance of 90%. However, analysis of two point lod scores using the HOMOG program revealed significant evidence for genetic heterogeneity with one locus on 6p in 4 of the families, and a different locus in one family. After exclusion of this unlinked family, two point analysis gave a maximal lod score of 3.9 at a recombination fraction of 0.05 with full penetrance, and 4.2 at a recombination fraction of 0.0 with 90% penetrance. These data support the assignment of one of the loci for hereditary hydronephrosis to chromosome 6p.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Vibrio cholerae WavB protein showed some similarity to WaaE of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens. From previous data obtained by us and by chemical analyses of a K. pneumoniae non-polar waaE mutant from strain 889 (08:K69), its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core structure has recently been elucidated. We demonstrated that WaaE is a β-1,4-glucosyltransferase involved in the transfer of a glucose residue to the l-glycero-d-manno-heptose I in the LPS inner core. Complementation of this K. pneumoniae non-polar waaE mutant with gene wavB obtained, either from V. cholerae or V. mimicus, showed a full complementation either by chemical studies or by a biological test (susceptibility to non-immune serum). The V. cholerae wavB gene is located in a putative core oligosaccharide (OS) gene cluster and the V. cholerae OS core structure showed the same β-1,4-glucose residue attached to Hep I as is observed for the K. pneumoniae 889 OS core structure. No other glucose residue is found in the ligosaccharide core structure of K. pneumoniae 889. We concluded that WavB protein is able to perform the same function as WaaE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 198 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Aeromonas hydrophila AH-3 strains carrying mutations in mgtE, which encodes a Mg2+ and Co2+ transport system, showed a 50% reduction of in vitro adherence to HEp-2 cells, a reduction in swarming in semisolid swarming agar, and decrease in biofilm formation of over 60% in comparison to the wild-type strain. The cloned A. hydrophila mgtE expressed from a plasmid complements a Salmonella typhimurium strain deleted for all Mg2+ transporters both phenotypically and by measurement of 57Co2+ uptake. Likewise, plasmid-borne mgtE was able to complement the changes observed in A. hydrophila mgtE mutants. We suggest that MgtE and thus Mg2+ and possibly Co2+ have a role in A. hydrophila related to their swarming ability and related consequences such as adherence and biofilm formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A transposon mutant from Aeromonas hydrophila AH-3 was obtained which was highly resistant to opsonophagocytosis. The mutation was identified in the ftsE gene and we characterised the operon ftsY, E and X from this bacterium. These genes, as in enteric bacteria, are neighbours to rpoH. The A. hydrophila ftsE and X genes were fully able to complement Escherichia coli ftsE mutants, and also complement the opsonophagocytosis-resistant phenotype of the A. hydrophila mutant strain. This phenotype seems to be related to the filamentous phenotype at 37°C exhibited by the A. hydrophila ftsE mutant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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