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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 200 (1964), S. 88-98 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Morphological studies on a human embryo (found at hysterectomy) are reported. According to the degree of development of the embryonic and trophoblastic structures, which show no major deviation from the generally accepted pattern for this stage, the age of the embryo is estimated to be 15–16 days (group VI ofMazanec's classification).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über morphologische Untersuchungen an einem jungen menschlichen Keim in situ berichtet. Das Alter des Keimes wird auf Grund des Entwicklungsgrades der embryonalen und trophoblastischen Strukturen auf 15–16 Tage geschätzt (Gruppe VI nach der Einteilung vonMazanec). Die Strukturen des Keimes zeigen keine prinzipiellen Abweichungen vom anerkannten Bauplan dieser Entwicklungsperiode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Susceptibility and outcome in complex disorders such as asthma and cancer appear to be determined, at least in part, by genetic polymorphism. However, while our ability to identify new allelic variants and study them in case and control populations has greatly improved, considerable difficulties remain in elucidating how many genes determine particular clinical phenotypes. This is because most studies have concentrated on study of single genes in relatively small study groups. The important issues of gene–gene interactions (epistasis) and high-risk subgroups have not yet been adequately addressed. We now describe a general approach, using patients with head and neck cancers as an example. Our purpose is to demonstrate candidate gene selection, statistical approaches, and identification of patient subgroups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 202 (1972), S. 371-376 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 227 (1980), S. 566-568 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-one patients with unresectable, previously untreated or treated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were given cisdiamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin). On day 1, they received a low dose of bleomycin (15 mg/m2) and methotrexate (20 mg/m2), on day 2 a high dose of cisplatin (120 mg/m2). Even very old patients in poor general condition tolerated up to 5 therapy courses with intervals of at least 3 weeks. With a present survival rate of up to 16 months the toxicity was more acceptable and the tumor response considerably better than with the combined bleomycin-methotrexate chemotherapy. The effect of cisplatin in our patients confirms experiences in the USA for several years with malignant tumors in various areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 249 (1964), S. 162-167 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Calciphylaxis is a new biological phenomenon by means of which the organism is able to send calcium selectively to certain tissues; it is interpreted as a defence reaction and not identical with either the typical “metastatic” or the merely “dystrophic” calcification. It is demonstrated that in animals sensitized with dihydrotachysterol, the distribution of calcium can be greatly varied by administering different doses of iron dextran.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Calciphylaxie wird als eine besondere Überempfindlichkeitsreaktion beschrieben, durch welche der Organismus Calcium selektiv in bestimmte Organe senden kann. Dieses neue biologische Phänomen ist als Abwehrreaktion zur Steuerung pathologischer Verkalkungen aufzufassen und weder mit der typischen „metastatischen“ noch mit einer rein „dystrophischen“ Verkalkung identisch. An Hand von Rattenversuchen wird gezeigt, daß man bei mit Dihydrotachysterin sensibilisierten Tieren die Calciumverteilung im Organismus durch eine unterschiedliche Dosierung von Eisendextran wesentlich ändern kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Autogene Knorpeltransplantation ; Makroverkapselung ; Tissue engineering ; Polyelektrolytkomplexmembran ; Key words ; Cartilage ; Autogenous transplantation ; Encapsulation ; Polyelectrolyte complex membrane ; Tissue engineering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In reconstruction of cartilage defects, autogenous transplantation is known as a reliable and experienced method. Although a clinical application has not been reported until now, tissue engineering permits in vitro production of autogenous cartilage transplants. Nevertheless, in both methods the cartilage is exposed to individually varying resorptive mechanisms. Among other methods for in vivo tissue protection, the encapsulation with a semipermeable polyelectrolytecomplex membrane could guarantee sufficient protection against resorptive influences. Human septal cartilage was encapsulated (group 1) with polyelectrolytecomplex membranes and subcutaneously implanted on the back of thymusaplastic nude mice. Cartilage implants without encapsulation (group 2) were used as control. Scanning electron microscopy and histochemical investigations were performed 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after implantation. Group 1 showed no signs of resorption and chronic inflammation at all. In contrast, group 2 presented, correlating to the time of implanta-tion, increasing signs of cell death and fibrotic transformation, representing an increased activity of resorption. In conclusion, tissue encapsulation with a polyelectrolytecomplex membrane could ensure a sufficient protection of human cartilage transplants from resorptive influences. For the plastic-reconstructive surgeon the desired result becomes more calculable.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der rekonstruktiven Chirurgie könnte neben der etablierten Methode der autogenen Knorpeltransplantation das Tissue engineering humaner Knorpelgewebe zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen. Resorptive Mechanismen können jedoch bei beiden Methoden zu funktionell und kosmetisch unbefriedigenden Ergebnissen führen. Unter den heute zur Verfügung stehenden Verfahren der Gewebeprotektion könnte die Polyelektrolytmembranverkapselung mit Natriumzellulosesulfat und Polydialylldimethylammoniumchlorid einen ausreichenden Schutz vor resorptiven Einflüssen gewährleisten. Humaner nativer Nasenseptumknorpel wurde verkapselt (Gruppe 1) und unverkapselt (Gruppe 2) subkutan in thymusaplastische Nacktmäuse implantiert. Die Transplantate wurden nach 1, 4, 8, 12 und 16 Wochen explantiert und histologisch sowie rasterelektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Gruppe 1 zeigte über den gesamten Implantationszeitraum keinerlei Resorptionsmerkmale bei vollständig erhaltener Knorpelgrundsubstanz. Gruppe 2 hingegen zeigte, korrelierend mit der Implantationsdauer, in zunehmendem Maße Knorpelzellnekrosen und einen bindegewebigen Umbau im Sinne einer Resorption. Die Polyelektrolytmembranverkapselung könnte somit eine sichere Methode zum Schutz humaner Knorpeltransplantate vor resorptiven Einflüssen darstellen. Für den Plastisch-rekonstruktiven Chirurgen wird hierdurch das gewünschte kosmetische und funktionelle Ergebnis kalkulierbarer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    HNO 46 (1998), S. 502-506 
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Menschliches vomeronasales Organ ; Feinstruktur ; Sinnesepithel ; Funktionelle Gesichtspunkte ; Key words Human vomeronasal organ ; Fine structure ; Chemosensory epithelium ; Functional aspects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The vomeronasal organ, or Jacobson’s organ, is essential for pheromone detection and reproductive behavior in most mammals. In humans, it has been described as a blind diverticulum in the anterior nasal septum, but without a documented function. The purpose of this study is to describe the fine structure of the human adult vomeronasal organ in 14 specimens. Our studies showed a duct-like invagination of the epithelium that was surrounded by numerous exocrine glands with short ducts. The fine structure of these glands suggested a serous secretion. In the depth of the invagination, pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells were seen that had plump processes, kinocilia and microvilli at the apical cell membrane. Several cell types were seen that differed regarding their organelles and electron density, with light sensory cells exhibiting neurofilaments. Underneath the typical basement membrane, numerous myelinated and unmyelinated axons were present in the very vascular lamina proprion. These morphological findings are unique in the human body and suggest that a chemosensory epithelium corresponding to a vomeronasal organ may exist. Its central connections and the possible functional significance of this tubed organ for pheromone detection are unknown and need further study.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das vomeronasale oder Jacobson-Organ (VNO) ist bei den meisten Mammalia unentbehrlich für die Reaktion auf Pheromone und das Paarungsverhalten. Beim Menschen wurde das VNO als winziger, paariger Blindschlauch an der vorderen Nasenscheidewand ohne dokumentierte Funktion beschrieben. Wir untersuchten mit dem Transmissionselektronenmikroskop die Feinstruktur des VNO bei 14 erwachsenen Menschen. Die kanalartige Einsenkung des Oberflächenepithels ist von zahlreichen exokrinen Drüsen umgeben; ihr feinstrukturelles Bild spricht für einen serösen Typ der Sekretion im Sinne von Spüldrüsen. Am Ende der Einstülpung ändert das Epithel die Morphologie von einem niedrigen Zylinderepithel zu einem hochprismatischen Epithel mit plumpen Fortsätzen, Kinozilien und Mikrovilli an der apikalen Zellmembran. Die verschiedenen Zelltypen unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich Organellenausstattung und Elektronendichte. Unter der typischen Basalmembran in der stark vaskularisierten Lamina propria finden sich zahlreiche markhaltige und marklose Nerven. Diese im menschlichen Körper einzigartigen morphologischen Befunde lassen vermuten, daß ein funktionsfähiges Sinnesepithel im Sinne eines VNO vorhanden ist; seine möglichen zentralen Verbindungen zum Hypothalamus sowie eine funktionelle Bedeutung für die Reaktion auf Pheromone sind nicht bekannt und erfordern weitere Untersuchungen. Klinisch und medikolegal signifikant kann die Erhaltung dieses vielleicht 6. Sinnesorgans bei funktionserhaltenden endonasalen Operationen sein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    HNO 44 (1996), S. 595-595 
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Tissue engineering ; Plastisch-rekonstruktive Chirurgie ; Vernetzbares Fibrin ; Resorbierbare Polymervliese ; Knorpelgewebetransplantation ; Key words Tissue engineering ; Reconstructive surgery ; Fibrin glue ; Resorbable polymers ; Cartilage-tissue transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Current practical approaches in cartilage engineering still face problems with threedimensional cell distribution or require components for cell immobilization, raising biocompatibility problems. In this study, we present a new model using cells cross-linked by fibrin within biocompatible resorbable polymers. Both components have been in clinical use for a long time. Immunohistochemical procedures showed that this model provides optimal requirements for in vitro cartilage production. Immunochemically, cartilage-specific extracellular components such as proteoglycan, chondroitin sulfate and collagen II were characterized. Histomorphological methods showed a mechanically stable tissue compound that lasted for at least 5 weeks. This model may be the first to provide all biocompatible requirements for in vitro production of autologous cartilage transplants for reconstructive surgery.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mittels des noch jungen Forschungsgebietes Tissue engineering wird erstmals in-vitro hergestelltes lebendes Ersatzgewebe für den Einsatz in Klinik und Forschung verfügbar. Die bisher verwendeten In-vitro-Modelle zur Züchtung von Knorpelgewebe lassen eine klinische Anwendung aufgrund fehlender Daten zur Biokompatibilität und fehlender plastischer Stabilität nicht zu. Das in dieser Untersuchung vorgestellte Modell verwendet 2 biokompatible Materialien, die sich seit Jahren in verschiedenen Bereichen der operativen Medizin in klinischer Anwendung befinden. Zur dreidimensionalen Verteilung der Zellen innerhalb eines resorbierbaren Polyglycolid-Polylactid-Copolymers werden die Zellen innerhalb der Polymerstruktur mittels Fibrin vernetzt. Anhand von histo- und zellmorphologischer Untersuchungsmethoden konnte gezeigt werden, daß das vorgestellte Modell optimale Voraussetzungen zur Herstellung von Knorpelgewebe bietet. Immunhistochemisch konnten knorpelspezifische Bestandteile wie Kollagen II, Chondroitinsulfat und Knorpelproteoglycan nachgewiesen werden. Histomorphologisch ließ sich ein über mindestens 5 Wochen formstabiler Zellverband darstellen. Da die Fibrinvernetzung unter ausschließlicher Verwendung autologer Komponenten durchgeführt werden kann, bietet dieses Modell erstmals die Grundlage zur In-vitro-Herstellung eines biokompatiblen, autologen Knorpelgewebes für die plastisch-rekonstruktive Chirurgie.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 210 (1975), S. 275-291 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Most carcinomas of. the oral tongue and floor of the mouth are presently treated surgically, often combined with pre- or postoperative irradiation. The treatment plan is mainly determined by the primary site and the local and regional extension, desirable are general rules on the basis of the TNM classification. The indications and principles of the most important operative procedures are discussed: Local excision, partial glossectomy, excision of the floor of the mouth with marginal mandibulectomy, composite resection. Operations for removal of the primary and radical neck dissection with preservation of the mandible (e.g. the pull-through procedure) are rarely advised. A radical neck dissection is indicated in each carcinoma of the oral tongue or floor of the mouth with palpable lymph nodes. If no nodes are palpable, an elective neck dissection is advised in view of the high frequency of clinically occult lymph node metastases (between 23 and 43%). Reconstructive measures following radical tongue and floor of the mouth operations are required for regaining a motility of the remaining tongue, for reconstruction of the floor of the mouth and for replacement of the mandible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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