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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 52 (1980), S. 281-288 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Spinal elastance ; narrow cervical spinal canal ; spondylogenic myelopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Spinal elastance and the time course of pressure decrease after saline injection into the lumbar subarachnoid space was measured in a control group and in a group of patients with spondylogenic narrowing of the cervical spinal canal. The elastance is higher with retroflexion of the head than with anteflexion. This is more pronounced in degenerative diseases of the spine, proving the existence of a pincers mechanism. High elastance values at high volume changes indicate a narrowing of the cervical spinal canal. With a normal spinal canal the pressure decrease shows a slow monoexponential slope (T/2=100.8±13.4 seconds). In patients with partial obstruction of the spinal canal, especially with retroflexion of the head, a secondary pressure increase after termination of the volume injection was observed. This secondary pressure increase decreases in a biexponential manner with a fast slope (T/2=37.62±15.88 seconds) followed by a slow slope. With severe obstructions a plateau remained. This easily performed and well-tolerated measurement can be of aid in the quantification of obstructions of the spinal subarachnoid space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 79 (1986), S. 48-51 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 79 cases of obstructive hydrocephalus treated between 1972 and 1983 by burr hole third ventriculo-cisternostomy have been analysed together with the published literature. There were 80% good results in non-tumoral aqueduct stenosis and in hydrocephalus caused by pineal, posterior third ventricle or basal ganglia tumours. The results in hydrocephalus caused by dysrhapic malformations or following meningitis as well as in cases which previously had been treated by shunting procedure were unsatisfactory. Such cases therefore should be excluded from third ventriculo-cisternostomy. In the first mentioned cases the patency of the basal cisterns should be verified beforehand by CSF scintigraphy. Only cases with open cisterns should be selected for third ventriculo-cisternostomy. If these selection guidelines are followed good results can be expected in approximately 90%. Judging from the literature and from our own material the mortality rate is below 1 % and the rate of transient neurological deficits about 5%. These complications seem to be avoidable by improved technique. The alternative methods used in the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus, viz: ventriculo-cardiac or ventriculo-peritoneal shunting, have an overall complication rate higher than 50%. This comparison leads us to recommend third ventriculo-cisternostomy as the treatment of choice for properly selected cases of obstructive hydrocephalus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 85 (1987), S. 69-70 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 141 (1999), S. 219-220 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 85 (1987), S. 128-137 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: ACNU ; BCNU ; intracarotid infusion ; malignant glioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty patients with malignant gliomas were treated by operation, radiotherapy and additional intracarotid infusions of ACNU and BCNU. Positive results were obtained in the treatement of oligodendrogliomas and astrocytomas grade III and IV. On the contrary, the results in cases of glioblastoma multiforme were disappointing: neither survival time nor quality of life had been significantly improved. The protective effect of phenobarbitone against systemic toxicity by ACNU was not always confirmed in this study. Based on literature reports and our own experience the indications, technical aspects, unexpected complications and results of this therapeutic approach are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 95 (1988), S. 34-39 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Extra-intracranial bypass surgery ; haemodynamic aspects ; angiographic findings ; ultrasound flow measurement ; Mavis Bloodflow Computer ; Toronto Bypass Study ; indications for bypass surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Angiographic and flow measurement results in 18 cases, who underwent extra-intracranial bypass surgery, are presented. The method was the Mavis® ultrasound technique. Main result:Patients with unilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion and additional contralateral ICA stenosis or occlusion had a permanent cerebral blood flow (CBF) increase as a consequence of the anastomosis. On the contrary, patients without contralateral flow impairment or with good spontaneous extra-intracranial anastomosis did not have a real CBF improvement but only a temporary flow increase on the anastomotic side with comparable flow decrease in the contralateral ICA. The so-called Toronto Bypass Study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of extra-intracranial bypass surgery for stroke prevention but it did not prove its effectiveness in this regard. Intentionally it did not put or answer the question of possible haemodynamic benefit for special subgroups of patients with cerebrovascular occlusive disease. Our results suggest such a haemodynamic benefit, and in consequence an indication for bypass treatment may be given in cases with ICA occlusion and additional contralateral flow impairment and without sufficient spontaneous collateralization. The question of a stroke preventing effect in this special subgroup should be answered by another controlled study. But this will be almost impossible to realize because—as a consequence of the Toronto study—at least in our country almost no further patients are transferred to the neurosurgeon for possible bypass surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Unfallchirurg 102 (1999), S. 2-12 
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Key words Cervical cord injury • Acute therapy of tetraplegia • Operative treatment of the cervical spine • Early rehabilitation of tetraplegic patients ; Schlüsselwörter Halsmarkverletzung • Akuttherapie bei Tetraplegie • Operative Therapie der HWS • Frührehabilitation tetraplegischer Patienten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die traumatische Läsion des Halsmarks stellt eine der gravierendsten Unfallfolgen mit lebenslangen schwerwiegenden Konsequenzen dar. Bei Patienten mit relevanter Verletzung der Halswirbelsäule (HWS) muß in 28 % mit neurologischen Ausfällen gerechnet werden, wobei die Inzidenz bei Läsionen der unteren HWS mit 44 % deutlich höher liegt. Das Risiko einer traumatischen Halsmarkschädigung steigt mit zunehmender Enge des Spinalkanals und zeigt daher einen 2. Häufigkeitsgipfel im höheren Lebensalter. In der präklinischen Phase sollte schon der Verdacht auf eine Halsmarkschädigung zu einer sofortigen effektiven Stabilisierung der HWS führen, die erst nach radiologischem Ausschluß einer relevanten Verletzung aufgegeben werden darf. Die hochdosierte Methylprednisolon-Therapie sollte bei Vorliegen einer traumatischen Rückenmarkschädigung schnellstmöglich eingeleitet werden. Das diagnostische Procedere umfaßt Nativröntgenaufnahmen der gesamten Wirbelsäule sowie das Computertomogramm (CT) zur Abklärung suspekter Befunde und zur präoperativen Planung, aktiv gehaltene Aufnahmen zur Aufdeckung von Instabilitäten und die Anfertigung eines Kernspintomogramms (MRT) bei fehlender Röntgenpathologie und bestehenden neurologischen Ausfällen. Die Ziele der operativen Behandlung bestehen in der Dekompression, Reposition und Retention zur Neuroprotektion und Sicherstellung der Intensivbehandlung. Der alleinige vordere Zugang ist in aller Regel ausreichend für die genannten Ziele, dorsale Zugänge sollten zur Schonung der innerviert verbliebenen Halsmuskulatur nach Möglichkeit vermieden werden. Die postakute Phase ist durch Ausfall der systemischen Steuermechanismen des Organismus im spinalen Schock gekennzeichnet. Die Beherrschung der Regulationsstörung ist nur unter intensivmedizinischen Bedingungen möglich. Eine Respiratortherapie über einen gewissen Zeitraum ist nahezu immer notwendig. Typische Komplikationen sind häufig und müssen insbesondere unter dem Aspekt einer fehlenden Schmerzangabe erkannt werden. Die möglichst frühzeitige Verlegung des Halsmarkgeschädigten zur Frührehabilitation in spezialisierte Paraplegikerzentren ist zu empfehlen, da die Rate plegikerspezifischer Komplikationen nachweislich proportional mit der Aufenthaltsdauer im nicht spezialisierten Zentrum steigt.
    Notes: Summary The traumatic lesion of the cervical cord implies one of the most serious sequale after accident with severe consequences for lifetime. In patients with a relevant injury of the cervical spine in 28 % neurological deficits are seen with an even higher incidence of 44 % in the lower cervical spine. The risk of traumatic cervical cord injury further increases with progressing stenosis of the spinal canal and therefore a second peak of occurrence has to be obsered in the elderly. In the preclinical phase even suspicion of a cervical cord lesion should lead to effective stabilization of the cervical spine and should be removed only after imaged proof of integrity. A high dosage therapy of methylprednisolon should be started as early as possible in every case of spinal cord injury. Diagnostic procedures are including x-rays of the whole spine, CT-scans for clearance of suspicious findings and preoperative planning, image intensifiing under controlled stress for hidden instabilities and MRI for spinal cord injuries without abnormal radiological findings. Aims of operative treatment are consisting of decompression, reduction and stabilization with the aims of protection of the neurogenic structures and to secure intensive care treatment. These objectives can be met sufficiently by a single ventral approach in most instances. Dorsal approaches should be avoided whenever possible leaving the important innervation of the paracervical muscles intact. The postacute phase is marked by loss of systemic control mechanis as a consequence of the spinal shock. The consecutive deficits can be mastered only by treatment under intensive care standards. Respirator therapy is advisable especially for higher plegic lesions. Typical complications are frequent and should be watched for carefully because of the absence of pain sensation. Patients with cervical cord injuries should transferred to specialzed paraplegic units for early rehabilitation as soon as possible since the rate of specific complications like decubital ulcera increases with the days of stay in non-specialized units.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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