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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 72 (1983), S. 283-299 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The geological structure of the island of Ios, Cyclades, Greece, is a dome consisting of an augengneiss core and a mantle of garnet-mica schists that together form the Basement which is overthrust by a marble-schist Series. This Series is mainly made up of meta-volcanics and metamorphosed sediments, presumably Mesozoic in age. It is a tectonically composed pile of marbles alternating with glaucophane schists, actinolite schists and chlorite schists. Petrological relations and isotope dating indicate the polymetamorphic character of Ios. Two Alpine metamorphic phases, M1 and M2, and relicts of a high grade metamorphic or magmatic phase (Mo), that only affected the Basement, are demonstrated. Radiometric ages obtained for the Basement confirm the interpretation that the Mo phase is Pre-Alpine. The M1 and M2 were dated at 43 Ma and 25 Ma respectively. The P-T conditions of metamorphism are estimated as 9–11 kb and 350 to 400° C for the M1 phase and 5–7 kb and 380–420° C for the M2 phase. The metamorphic history of the Cyclades is discussed and it is suggested that Pre-Alpine Basement occurs also on Sikinos and Naxos.
    Abstract: Résumé La structure géologique de l'île d'Ios (Cyclades, Grèce) est un dôme. Le noyau du dôme est un complexe d'augengneiss enveloppé par des schistes à grenat et mica. Ce noyau, qui constitue le socle, est chevauché par une série composée d'une succession tectonique de marbres et de schistes à glaucophane, de schistes à actinote et de schistes à chlorite. Les relations pétrologiques et les datations isotopiques indiquent le caractère polymétamorphique de l'île d'Ios. On y peut démontrer deux phases de métamorphisme alpin (M 1 et M 2) ainsi que des témoins d'une phase métamorphique ou magmatique antérieure qui n'a influencé que le socle. Les datations radiométriques obtenues pour le socle confirment l'âge préalpin de la phase M 0. Les phases M 1 et M 2 sont datées à 43 et 25 Ma respectivement. Les conditions du métamorphisme des phases M 1 et M 2 sont estimées respectivement à 9–11 kb avec 350–400° C, et 5–7 kb avec 380–420° C. L'histoire métamorphique des Cyclades est discutée ainsi que la présence probable d'un socle Préalpin comparable dans les îles voisines de Sikinos et de Naxos.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Kykladeninsel Ios besteht zur Hauptsache aus einem Gneisdom. Der Kern dieses Doms ist ein Augengneiskomplex, welcher von Granat-Muskovit-Schiefern umhüllt wird. Auf dieses Grundgebirge ist eine Marmor-Schiefer-Serie überschoben worden, eine tektonisch bedingte Wechselfolge von Metasedimenten und Metavulkaniten, wahrscheinlich mesozoischen Alters. Die petrologischen Gegebenheiten und Isotopendatierungen bezeugen Polymetamorphose. Es konnten zwei metamorphe Phasen alpidischen Alters nachgewiesen werden, M1 und M2, sowie die Spuren einer hochgradigen, metamorphen oder magmatischen Phase Mo, welche nur die Basis betroffen hat. Radiometrische Alterbestimmungen bestätigen die Deutung, daß das Grundgebirge voralpidisches Alter hat. Die Phasen M1 und M2 wurden datiert auf 43 Mj. und 25 Mj. Die Druck-Temperatur-Bedingungen der M1 und M2 wurden abgeschätzt auf 9–11 Kb und 350–400° C für die M1 und auf 5–7 Kb und 380–420° C im Falle der M2. Der metamorphe Werdegang der Kykladen wird diskutiert sowie die mutmaßliche Existenz eines vergleichbaren voralpidischen Grundgebirges auf den Nachbarinseln Sikinos und Naxos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 116 (1994), S. 7-20 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Preferential leakage of H2O from fluid inclusions containing multiple gas components has been suspected in natural metamorphic rocks and has been demonstrated experimentally for synthetic H2O-CO2-rich inclusions in natural quartz. Knowledge of the physical and chemical characteristics of the leakage mechanism, which may be very complex, increases the value of natural fluid inclusions to metamorphic geology. It is proposed that crystal defects play a major role in nondecrepitative preferential H2O leakage through quartz, and remain effective during metamorphism. Inclusions with either an internal overpressure or underpressure produce strain in the adjacent quartz crystal via the nucleation of many dislocations and planar defects (like Dauphiné twin boundaries). These defects allow preferential loss of H2O from H2O-CO2-rich inclusions at supercritical conditions. The transport capacity of this leakage mechanism is enhanced by nucleation of small bubbles on defect structures. The nucleation of these bubbles seems to be a recovery process in strained crystals. Solubility gradients of quartz in water in a crystal with internally underpressurized inclusions may result in optical visible implosion halos in a three dimensional spatial arrangement, caused by the growth of small bubbles at the expense of the larger original fluid inclusion. Natural fluid inclusions from Naxos (Greece) are always associated with numerous interlinked dislocations. These dislocations may have been produced by plastic derormation or by crystal growth related processes (e.g. crack healing). The presence of small bubbles on these dislocations indicates that a similar leakage mechanism for H2O must have occurred in these rocks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 74 (1980), S. 235-244 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The relations between cordiente, hercynite and magnetite in specimens of the garnetiferous migmatites within the osumilite-in isograd from the high-grade polymetamorphic Precambrian of Rogaland, SW Norway, have been studied, using an electron microprobe. In most specimens the primary spinel of the M 2 stage of metamorphism is exsolved into hercynite and magnetite. The exsolution continued during subsequent cooling to moderate temperature conditions of the M 2 stage or even to retrogressive conditions of metamorphism of the M 4 stage. Fe-Mg distributions give evidence that cordierite and hercynite are in equilibrium at these mentioned conditions, while their textural relations belong to the high-grade metamorphic stage M 2. This implies that neither cordierite nor spinel are suitable for use in geothermometry of high-grade metamorphic stage M 2 in Rogaland. It is tentatively concluded that re-equilibration of Mg and Fe continues to lower retrograde temperatures in the Fe-rich cordierite-hercynite pairs than in Mg-rich pairs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 345 (1990), S. 58-60 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 103 (1989), S. 306-316 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Heterogeneous layers of granulite facies metamorphic basites of the Proterozoic supracrustal Faurefjell Formation in Rogaland, S.W. Norway, display an extreme chemical variation. Within a single layer the bulk chemical composition gradually changes from approximately basaltic in basic granulites to alumina-iron-rich in granofelses. Component-ratios and composition-volume relations indicate open-system chemical reactions mainly involving the extraction of silica. Apparent enrichment in Fe, Ti, P, Al, Zr, Ni, Co, Zn, Y, Nb, Hf and REE and variations in resulting metamorphic mineral assemblages are related to premetamorphic progressive lateritisation of a basaltic protolith. The weathering generated a continuous chemical suite from SiO2=48 wt%, Fe2O3=10 wt% and Al2O3=19 wt% in the basic granulites to 14 wt%, 40 wt% and 25 wt% in the Fe-Al granofelses. Metasomatism during diagenesis and during (very) high-grade metamorphism (1200–900 Ma) further perturbed the concentrations of relatively mobile elements Ca, Mg, K, Rb, Sr, Ba, Na and Li in the laterites without affecting the transition metal ratios. In particular, the REE did not fractionate differentially during the supracrustal and metasomatic alteration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 67 (1978), S. 279-288 
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Siliceous dolomitic marbles at Naxos, Greece, are crystallized in a range of metamorphic temperatures, estimated from 350 to 700 °C and a total pressure of about 6 kb. A number of low variant assemblages of this rock-system have been studied. The sequence of these metamorphic assemblages is a function of increasing metamorphism, and this is in agreement with other fielddata and with experimental data for the chemical system CaO-MgO-SiO2-H2O-CO2 (-HF). The composition of the associated fluid inclusions may be considered reasonably correct in the light of experimentally obtained X CO2 values for the mineral equilibria, extrapolated for a total pressure of about 6 kb at the interpolated temperatures at the sample locations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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