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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Scanning cytophotometry ; Chromatin ; Chondrocytes ; Regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les cellules cartilagineuses des membres postérieurs deTriturus cristatus en régénération après amputation, ont été étudiées en microscopie électronique et par cytophotométrie à balayage. Nous nous sommes intéressés à la structure et à la distribution de la chromatine mais aussi à différents organites cytoplasmiques. Dans l'étude de cytophotométrie à balayage, la chromatine a été considérée à travers son constituant majeur, l'ADN, coloré par la réaction de Feulgen. Au cours de la régénération du membre, l'hétérochromatine initialement condensée, essentiellement accolée à la membrane nucléaire se décondense. Les vacuoles du cytoplasme, caractéristiques des animaux âgés par rapport aux animaux jeunes, disparaissent, les mitochondries et le reticulum endoplasmique rugueux deviennent plus abondants. Les caractéristiques nucléaires de l'activation cellulaire apparaissent précocement, précédent les modifications cytoplasmiques et conduisent à des cellules en tous points identiques aux cellules d'animaux jeunes en dehors de tout processus régénératif. Cette phase d'euchromatisation et de restructuration cytoplasmique est peut-être nécessaire à l'accroissement d'activité métabolique et à la division cellulaire qui suivent. Son déroulement peut expliquer tout au moins le ralentissement de la régénération observé chez les animaux âgés par rapport aux animaux jeunes.
    Notes: Summary Cartilaginous cells of aged newts (Triturus cristatus) were studied during hind limb regeneration. The electron microscope was used to study the structure and distribution of chromatin in the cell nuclei, while the DNA content of the chromatin was measured by means of a scanning cytophotometer. Changes in the ultrastructure of the cytoplasm during regeneration were also studied. It was observed that the structure and distribution of chromatin in the activated cell is greatly modified. In the non-activated cell of the aged newt, the chromatin is found highly condensed and distributed peripherally close to the nuclear membrane. In contrast, in the activated cells, the chromatin is much less condensed and is distributed throughout the nucleus. Moreover, cytoplasmic vacuoles, found only in the non-activated aged cells, disappear and an increase in the mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum is also observed. Changes in the nuclear structure are observed prior to the cytoplasmic modifications. It is interesting to note that the process of activation induces structural changes in the aged cells which make these cells appear to be structurally identical to the young cells. This process of rejuvenation takes 3–5 days in the newt. We suggest that these structural changes of the chromatin and cytoplasm in the aged cells are necessary to increase the metabolic activity which precedes cell division. It may also explain why regeneration takes a longer time in the aged animals than in the young ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Developmental Biology 112 (1985), S. 94-99 
    ISSN: 0012-1606
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Cell Research 102 (1976), S. 394-404 
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Cell Research 212 (1994), S. 30-35 
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biology of the Cell 76 (1992), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 0248-4900
    Keywords: basic fibroblast growth factor ; cerebellum ; high and low affinity receptors ; hippocampus ; mouse brain
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rod photoreceptor cells were analysed in adult and regeneratingNotophthalmus viridescens retinae using a combination of immunochemical and molecular biological approaches. Monoclonal anti-rhodopsin antibody (Rho-4D2) labelled rod but not cone photoreceptors in adult newt retinae. The antibody bound to the entire cell body, from the synaptic ending through to the outer segment, as examined by light and electron immunocytochemistry. The antibody labelled two bands of 35 and 56 kDa in Western blots of urodele retinal preparations separated by gel electrophoresis.In situ hybridization with radiolabelled anti-sense riboprobes specific for bovine opsin revealed intense patches of silver grains overlying approximately 50% of photoreceptor inner segment myoid regions; no signal above background was detected elsewhere in the retina, or with radiolabelled sense riboprobe controls. Northern blot analysis using the probe on poly A(+) mRNA of adult newt retinae indicated a single band of 1.5 kb, corresponding to the opsin transcript. Following surgical removal of the original retina in test animals, retinal regeneration was studied by sampling tissue from 0–50 days post-surgery. The reappearance of opsin immunoreactivity was examined by light microscopical techniques. No opsin expression was detected in regenerating tissue prior to 16 days. Subsequent to this time, rho-4D2 bound to cells in central areas in which substantial lamination of the new retina had already occurred, and was limited to the scierai border. At no time was any immunoreactivity observed in more peripheral undifferentiated tissue. Thus the reformation of a functional retina seems to follow the same control mechanisms as during development, photoreceptor redifferentiation being at least partly governed by positional or environmental cues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 122 (1984), S. 222-232 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Chromatin ; Floral evocation ; Shoot meristem ; Sinapis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Changes in the density of nuclear chromatin in the shoot apical meristem ofSinapis alba L. during floral transition (floral evocation) are described using Feulgen-stained 2 μm thick semi-thin sections and scanning cytophotometric techniques. In both G1 and G2 nuclei the chromatin becomes less heterogeneous and less dense in evoked meristems compared to vegetative meristems. When chromatin is resolved into two fractions the “dispersed” fraction increases relative to the “condensed” fraction at evocation. This decondensation process occurs earlier in G1 than in G 2 nuclei. These chromatin changes are presumably closely related to the dramatic stimulation of biosynthetic activity and cell division during floral transition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Epithelial cells from the lens equator differentiate into elongated fiber cells. In the final steps of differentiation, the chromatin appears quite condensed and chromatin breakdown into nucleosmes occurs. DNA breaks due to an endodeoxyribonuclease activity corresponding to at least two polypeptides of 30 and 40 kDa have been identified. To identify the nature and the developmental appearance of initial breaks, nick translation reaction was followed both biochemically and in situ in fiber and epithelial cells from chick embryonic lenses. There is no accumulation of single-strand breaks (SSB) with 3'OH ends in lens fiber cells during embryonic development. Such damage can be increased in these cells by treatment with DNAase I indicating the absence of an inhibitor of the nick translation reaction in fiber cells. However, there are indications of the presence of DNA breaks with blocked termini when the phosphatase activity of nuclease P1 is used. The presence of breaks is also indicated by the large amounts of (ADP-ribose)n found in lens fibers particularly at 11 days of embryonic development (E11) as ADP-ribosyl transferase binds to and is activated by DNA strand breaks. Incubation of lens cells in vitro, which causes nucleosomal fragmentation only in fiber cells, produces SSB with 3'OH ends in both epithelia and fibers. Incubation for short periods, observed in experiments in situ, induces SSB first in the central fiber nuclei, which are late in differentiation. This may indicate that these SSB play a physiological role. Long incubations produce larger numbers of SSB in epithelia than fibers. The SSB in the fibers may have been converted into double-strand breaks (D SB), seen as nucleosomal fragments, and therefore no longer act as substrates for nick translation. The nuclease activity responsible for SSB production is independent of divalent cations and could be implicated in lens terminal differentiation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The binding of iodinated basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to low-density heparan sulfate proteoglycan purified from the Engelbreth Holm Swarm (EHS) sarcoma was investigated using different techniques. The tumor clearly contained bFGF, the level being comparable to that found in other tissues such as human or bovine brain. 125I bFGF strongly bound to the basement membrane-like matrix of EHS frozen sections as revealed by autoradiography. Iodinated bFGF bound to purified heparan sulfate proteoglycan but not to laminin or collagen type IV, three components isolated from the same tumor. In contrast, acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) displayed negligible binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Binding of bFGF to frozen sections and to purified proteoglycan could be strongly inhibited by heparin and was displaced by an excess of unlabeled factor and completely suppressed after heparitinase and heparinase treatments. Binding was a function of the salt concentration and was abolished at 0.6 M NaCl. Scatchard analysis indicated the affinity site had a Kd of about 30 nM, a value 10-15 higher than that recently reported by Moscatelli (J. Cell. Physiol., 131:123-130, 1987) in the case of the low-affinity binding sites present on the surface of baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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