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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 6297-6301 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A series of Permalloy films, of various shapes such as a square, a rectangle, a circle, and a rhombus, was made. The sample length to width ratio L/w varied from 1 (i.e., square) to 29 (i.e., rectangle). We studied how the planar Hall effect (PHE) signal was affected by adding a transverse field Hy along the easy-axis direction of the sample. It was found that in a certain range of Hy, the PHE sensitivity S might become inoperative, i.e., S changed linearly as a function of Hy from −Smax to +Smax (or vice versa), where Smax was the maximum sensitivity. This phenomenon is explained by considering the Zeeman-energy and the single-domain-rotation effects. In particular, for the square sample, the following data exist: (1) Smax is as high as 310 Ω/T at the film thickness t=500 Å, and (2) the inoperative range for Hy is the narrowest among all the samples. From this study, we conclude that the field of the Earth He—as long as its horizontal component is larger than 0.25 Oe—can be employed to stabilize the magnetic structure of a Permalloy element and to achieve the best PHE performance with Smax. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6402-6404 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two series of polycrystalline Fe100−xMox and Fe100−xWx (0≤x≤10 at. %) alloys were made. In order to preserve a single bcc phase, alloy samples, depending on the x value, were quenched from various temperatures TQ. In general, TQ is higher than 850 °C, and increases with x. X-ray diffraction was used to check the phase and the lattice constant of each sample. Magnetoresistance, electrical resistivity, and magnetic moment were measured at 4 K. Those experimental data are analyzed for Fe-Cr, Fe-Mo, and Fe-W alloys, especially the effects of moving down along the VIB column from Cr to W on the transport and magnetic properties. Comparison is made with Co-based alloys, where the changes of the spin-up resistivity from Co-Ni to Co-Pd and from Co-Pd to Co-Pt are due to the increase in s-s scattering. For Fe-based alloys, however, because the spin-down d band is partially empty (the roles of spin-up and -down bands are reversed), the spin-down resistivity is from s-d scattering instead.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 5782-5785 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hall-effect measurements were carried out on a series of Co100−xPdx alloys from 4.2 to 255 K. The extraordinary Hall coefficient RS is analyzed. The side-jump mechanism is dominant for Co-Pd alloys with x≤65 at. %; however, when x(approximately-greater-than)65 at. %, both the side-jump and skew scattering mechanisms are equally effective. The Hall conductivity γH changes its sign around xH=77 at. %. xH is shifted to the right-hand side of the band-gap position xG, as implied from the anisotropic magnetoresistance data and the split-band theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 5667-5669 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetostriction of polycrystalline Co100−xPdx alloys was measured by the strain gauge method from 4 to 300 K. The saturation magnetostriction λs=(2/3)[(ΔL/L)s(parallel)−(ΔL/L)s⊥], where (ΔL/L)s(parallel) and (ΔL/L)s⊥ are the saturated values (when HE(approximately-greater-than)5 kG) of ΔL/L in fields parallel and perpendicular to sample's length (L). λs at 4 K is found to change sign from positive to negative value as x is increased from below x0=50 at. % Pd to above. This phenomenon can be understood from the split-band theory for Co-Pd alloy. However, since some experimental facts indicate that unquenched orbital moments may exist in the x(approximately-greater-than)50 at. % Pd alloys it is necessary to consider λs = λsband+ λsion, where λsband is due to the split-band theory and λsion is from the one-ion mechanism. Under this proposal, it is possible to explain why λs(4 K) is not antisymmetric with respect to x0. Finally, two different origins of temperature dependence of λs are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5926-5928 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Highly textured Sm–Co-based permanent magnet films which exhibit in-plane anisotropy, with thicknesses ranging from 500 A(ring) to several microns, have been synthesized on polycrystalline Al2O3 substrates. The textured Sm–Co-based films of the disordered TbCu7-type structure were directly crystallized by sputter deposition onto heated substrates. Remanent inductions BR were ≈8 kG, and the intrinsic coercivities, iHc, ranged from 4–10 kOe. The crystallite grain size as a function of film thickness was determined. The use of these films in small scale geometry devices was tested in a sandwich configuration of strips of areal size 7×1 mm2. The Sm–Co films were used to bias Ni81.5Fe18.5 permalloy films. The sandwich permanent magnet was magnetized across its width. The permalloy films were sputter synthesized under conditions very similar to those of the permanent magnet films. Substrate biasing was not used for either the permanent magnet or the permalloy strips. The permalloy films exhibited a well-defined easy axis along the length of the strip. Unbiased, the permalloy showed a maximum magnetoresistance MRmax of 3.0%. On biasing with a 25-μm-thick permanent magnet film with a spacer thickness of 25 μm, the longitudinal biasing field value at MR/MRmax=0.5 was more than a 100 Oe, indicating an average biasing field of the same value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6552-6554 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A commercially made metallic glass, VAC6030, was used for the magnetoimpedance (MI) measurement. Some samples were annealed at a temperature (Ta=340 °C) slightly below its Curie point, and cooled in a transverse or longitudinal field. The frequency of the probe current was from 10 kHz to 10 MHz. MI is defined as ΔR/R≡[R(0)/R(Hs)]−1 and ΔX/X≡[X(0)/X(Hs)]−1, where Hs is the saturating field along sample length, R is the resistance, and X is the reactance. At relatively low frequencies MI is mostly inductive, at relatively high frequencies it is resistive, and a crossover could be defined at a characteristic frequency f0. When the sample is in the as-cast state, f0=890 kHz. If samples have been field annealed, f0 could be shifted either downward or upward; f0 becomes 30 kHz after a transverse anneal, and 8 MHz after a longitudinal anneal. The field annealing would also change the magnitudes of MI. In theory, if f〈f0, ΔR∝f2 and ΔX∝f; however, if f(approximately-greater-than)f0, both ΔR and ΔX are dominated by the skin-depth effect, and therefore proportional to f1/2 instead. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5923-5925 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amorphous SmCo films were sputter synthesized at room temperature in the presence of strong in-plane magnetic fields. Both in-the-film-plane and perpendicular anisotropy could be formed in the films depending upon the film preparation conditions. Post deposition annealing in the presence of in-plane magnetic fields directed perpendicular to the original field direction were performed to distinguish the behaviors of the various types of anisotropies. The physical origin of in-the-film-plane anisotropy can be explained as directional pair ordering. Perpendicular anisotropy was only formed in films synthesized through thermalized sputtering and was caused by growth induced structure. If formed, the microcrystallites also have large contributions to the anisotropy with their easy axes in the film plane, but without any preferred direction in the film plane. Both the formation of growth induced structure, which caused the perpendicular anisotropy, and the formation of microcrystallites, prevented the formation of the pair ordering, which decreased the in-the-film-plane anisotropy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 4835-4837 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A series of high yielding strength (90–180 ksi) and high-elongation (30%–45%) FeAlMnC steels have been made. The magnetic, microstructural, and thermal expansion properties of these steels have been studied. Basically, their magnetic transitions on cooling can be classified into three groups according to their microstructures: (i) For fully austenitic (γ) steels, the transition is from paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic. TN is lowered with the addition of Al; (ii) for α+γ phase steel (volume fraction of α≤0.3%), the transition is from superparamagnetic to antiferromagnetic, and (iii) for the mixed phase steel, whose α phase has percolated, it is ferromagnetic with TC(approximately-equal-to)200 C. The susceptibility of austenitic steels is low. Their nonmagnetic properties are comparable to commercial 304 or 25/12 stainless steel. An Invar-like property in the thermal expansion was observed around TN. Their volume magnetostriction values are in the range of 10−6–10−5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 5439-5441 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amorphous Fe80−xMxB14Si6 alloys with M=Mo, V, Mn, and 2≤x≤14 have been made by the rapid quenching method. The critical exponents β, γ, δ, and Tc were determined by two independent methods: the method of Kouvel-Fisher and the scaling plot. With the addition of M, β, and γ deviate more from the values predicted by the three-dimensional Heisenberg model, and are closer to the values proposed by Sobotta and Wagner. δ remains less changed. The magnetic inhomogeneity of these alloys is evidenced by the specific heat, the forced magnetoresistance, and the Mössbauer measurements. By increasing x, the peak of specific heat becomes smeared and less divergent, and forced magnetoresistance changes from negative to positive around Tc.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 5831-5833 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Three series of ferromagnetic alloys have been made: Co100−xPdx, Co25Ni75−yPdy and Co5−zNizPd95. The electrical resistivity ρ of these alloys was measured from 4 to 300 K. Their high field (H(approximately-greater-than)2 T) susceptibility χHF was obtained with superconducting quantum interference device measurements at 5 K. Comparing the residual resistivity ρ0 of Co-Ni and Co-Pd, it is found that the spin-up resistivity ρ↑ of Co-Ni follows the Nordheim's rule, while that of Co-Pd peaks at x=85. This indicates the spin-up d band of Co-Pd is not full for all the x values. Also, χHF data reveal the same tendency of the spin-up band. Based on the deviation from Matthiessen's rule of the two-current model, we estimate α=ρ0↓ /ρ0↑(approximately-equal-to)2 for the dilute PdCo alloy, where ρ0=ρ0↓ ρ0↑/(ρ0↑+ρ0↓ ), from the residual resistivity of the ternary Co5−zNizPd95 alloy and from the temperature dependence of ρ(T) of the binary Co5Pd95 alloy
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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