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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of Reactive Oxygen Radicals by Human Phagocytic Cells Activated by Plasmodium falciparum (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 25 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The role of monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils in killing malaria parasites is well documented, and their involvement in malaria pathology has been suggested. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. The present study reports on the role of P. falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes, free merozoites, and culture supernatant antigens in the generation of reactive oxygen radicals by human peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils. Blood neutrophils and monocytes obtained from healthy individuals were isolated by density gradient separation. A human isolate of P. falciparum was grown in continuous culture. Parasitized erythrocytes and free merozoites were prepared from synchronized cultures. Soluble antigens from culture supernatants were purified by affinity chromatography using CNBr-Sepharaose 4B columns bound to specific IgG. Oxidative burst response of neutrophils and monocytes were determined by oxygen consumption, superoxide production, and chemiluminescence. It was found that P. falciparum merozoites and the soluble antigens were capable of activating neutrophils and monocytes in vitro and resulting in the production of oxygen radicals by these cells. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that malaria antigens are able to activate normal human blood phagocytes and result in generation of oxygen radicals by these cells. The released oxygen radicals can then contribute to both the destruction of the parasite and the pathology of malaria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02198.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphoproliferative Responses to Plasmodium falciparum Antigens in Children With and Without the Sickle Cell Trait (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 34 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Blood mononuclear cells (BMNC) were isolated from sickle cell trait (HbAS) healthy donors and normal haemoglobin (HbAA) healthy donors resident in a P. falciparum endemic area of eastern Sudan. Blood samples were collected during the malaria season. BMNC were tested for their proliferative responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) and to soluble P. falciparum antigens (SPAg). Higher responses to SPAg and PPD were observed in the HbAS children compared with the HbAA children, whereas no differences were observed among adults of the two phenotypes. Proliferative responses to PHA were comparable in all individuals tested.The significance of these findings in relation to haemoglobin phenotype, age and the possible immunoregulatory mechanisms operating in HbAS and HbAA children during the malaria season is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1991.tb01542.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell-Mediated Immunity to Plasmodium falciparum Infection: Evidence against the Involvement of Cytotoxic Lymphocytes (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 28 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) recognizing soluble malaria antigens (SPag) are present in the peripheral blood of individuals clinically immune to malaria, and they proliferate after exposure to such antigens. To test whether these cells have effector activity against Plasmodium falciparum, we stimulated PBMC from malaria-immune donors by SPag and purified protein derivative (PPD) in culture for 7 days. The PBMC were then co-incubated with P. falciparum for 48 h, and parasitaemia was determined by microscopy. Parasite growth was only significantly impaired after incubation with PBMC stimulated by either SPag or PPD in the presence of immune serum. Studies on subpopulations of PBMC indicated that the inhibitory cells resided among the adherent cell fraction. Furthermore we tested PBMC for cytotoxic activity against P. falciparum-infected autologous or heterologous erythrocytes. Experiments were done both in the absence and the presence of immune serum. Neither fresh PBMC nor PBMC activated by SPag or PPD for 7 days prior to assay were cytotoxic, indicating that cytotoxic T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and K cells did not possess cytotoxic activity directed against parasitized erythrocytes. These data support the hypothesis that activated monocytes are the most important effector cells in the peripheral blood of malaria immune individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb02421.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of Parasite-Specific Response in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria. A Longitudinal Study of Blood Mononculear Cell Proliferation and Subset Composition (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 24 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present longitudinal study was designed to characterize immunosuppression during acute Plasmodiu, falciparum infection, during the treatment and up to 1 month after the acute stage. The proliferative responses of blood mononuclear cells (BMNC) isolated from non-immune and semi-immune malaria patients and controls to mitogens and two Plasmodium-derived stimulators (merozoites, Meroz. and soluble purified antigen, Spag) and non-related antigens were measured by [2 H]thymidine incorporation. BMNC isolated before treatment (day 0) from the non-immune patients did not respond to Meroz, whereas those from controls showed a significantly higher response. The SPag responses were also low in BMNC isolated on day 0 and increased in both the non-immune and the semi-immune patients during the observation period. These findings indicate that during malaria there is a depression of the parasite-specific proliferative response. The subset composition of BMNC isolated from non-immune patients was studied in a FACS analyser. The mean cell volumes of both Leu 2’and Leu.3 cells were increased during the acute phase of the infection, indicating that malaria infection results in activation of both T-helper and T-suppressor cells. There was no overall reduction of the response to mitogens on day 0. However. 3 days alter initiation of the treatment the mitogen response was decreased.‘This finding indicates that it is important to distinguish between the effects of malaria infection and of drug treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb02071.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes Defective in Oxidative Metabolism Inhibit in Vitro Growth of Plasmodium falciparum (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 20 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This report presents evidence that polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) from chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) patients, who are defective in oxidative metabolism, are capable of inhibiting in vitro multiplication of Plasmodium falciparum. Using a microtitre in vitro inhibition assay, we incubated various numbers of peripheral blood neutrophils from CGD patients and from normal individuals with P. falciparum isolate F32 in the in vitro culture system. Inhibition of parasite growth by neutrophils was determined after 48 h of culture. At PMN to erythrocyte ratio of 1:50 there was an inhibition of parasite growth of 57% by normal neutrophils and 39% to 68% by CGD cells. When the neutrophils were stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate, both cell types enhanced inhibition of parasite growth. These findings indicate that the oxygen-independent systems of human neutrophils are involved in parasite destruction. Constituents of neutrophil granules such as acid hydrolases, lactoferrin, and cationic proteins could be regarded as potential mediators of parasite destruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00981.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of in Vitro Growth of Plasmodium falciparum by Purified Antimalarial Human IgG Antibodies (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 18 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the search for candidate molecules for a malaria vaccine the in vilro inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum cultures by polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies has become a major tool. In the present study antigens identical to antigens circulating in plasma during attacks of malaria have been isolated from supernatants of P. falciparum cultures and used for immunoadsorbent purification of IgG antibodies from a pool of human immune serum collected in Liberia. Approximately 50% growth inhibition of three different P. falciparum isolates from Africa was obtained with the affinity-purified antibodies at a concentration of 25 μg ml−1 culture medium after 48 h of incubation. The target antigen/antigens for the protective antibodies have been partly characterized by radiolabelling, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography but have not yet been identified unequivocally. However, the results indicate that one or more of the easily isolated antigens from the supernatant of P. falciparum cultures could be used in a malaria vaccine. The results also indicate that antigenic differences between strains from geographically disparate areas may not constrain the development of such a vaccine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb00893.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary structure and localization of a conserved immunogenicPlasmodium falciparum glutamate rich protein (GLURP) expressed in both the preerythrocytic and erythrocytic stages of the vertebrate life cycle
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Molecular & Biochemical Parasitology 49 (1991), S. 119-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0166-6851
    Keywords: Conservation ; Exoantigen ; Glutamate-rich protein ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Repeated sequences ; T- and B-cell sites ; [abr] GLURP; glutamate-rich protein ; [abr] PCR; polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-6851(91)90135-S
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progressive peri-implantitis. Incidence and prediction of peri-implant attachment loss. (1996)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 7 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this prospective study was to characterize an implant patient population exhibiting clinical signs of peri-implantitis and to determine subsequently the incidence of progressive attachment loss. The predictive values of diagnostic parameters were evaluated. 25 patients with 54 endosseous implants that had been loaded for 41±15 months were included in the study. Clinical parameters included the assessment of plaque, bleeding on probing, probing depth, attachment levels, and Periotest® values. Probing measurements were performed in duplicate by means of a controlled force electronic probe (Periprobem). Peri-implant crevicular fluid samples were collected and assayed for neutral proteolytic enzyme (NPE) activity (Periocheck®). Analysis of duplicate baseline probing data revealed a high degree of reproducibility (mean difference: 0.1±0.3mm). A minimum threshold of 1.0mm (〉3×S.D.) loss of probing attachment was chosen to classify a site as positive for breakdown. Alternatively, the tolerance method was employed to identify sites with progressive attachment loss. After 6 months, irrespective of the analytical method, 6 percent of all sites (in 19% of the implants) and 28% of the patients had experienced further per attachment loss. There were significant differences (p〈0.05) in mean plaque (73% vs. 45%) and NPE (36% vs. 12%) scores between patients with progressive peri-implantitis and those with stable peri-implant conditions. Both bleeding on probing and the NPE-test were characterized by high negative predictive values, and thus negative scores can serve as indicators for stable peri-implant conditions. For monitoring peri-implant health during recall visits, attachment level recordings with a controlled force electronic probe in conjunction with enzymatic diagnostic tests of the host response can be recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1996.070207.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of culture and real-time PCR for detection and quantification of five putative periodontopathogenic bacteria in subgingival plaque samples (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: Bacterial cultivation is a well-established method for analyzing plaque samples. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a novel rapid method for the identification and quantification of periodontopathogenic bacteria that has been recently introduced. In this study, we compared real-time PCR with conventional anaerobic cultivation.Method: A total of 78 subgingival plaque samples were harvested from pockets 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:03036979:JCPE740:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉5 mm in 22 patients with advanced chronic periodontitis and immediately transferred into transport medium. Aliquots were evaluated with species-specific probes by real-time PCR (meridol® Perio Diagnostics, GABA) and anaerobic bacteria culture on selective media for the detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Tannerella forsythensis. The analysis was performed by two separate, blinded examiners.Results: When real-time PCR was compared with the culture method (golden standard) for the detection of putative periodontopathogenic bacteria, the sensitivity and specificity for A. actinomycetemcomitans were 67% and 100%, respectively (κ: 0.79); for F. nucleatum 73% and 53%, respectively (κ: 0.21); for P. gingivalis 94% and 84%, respectively (κ: 0.77); for P. intermedia 33% and 94%, respectively (κ: 0.26) and for T. forsythensis 92% and 56%, respectively (κ: 0.51). Spearman's correlation coefficients for the quantitative results of both methods were 0.82 for A. actinomycetemcomitans, 0.33 for F. nucleatum, 0.83 for P. gingivalis, 0.38 for P. intermedia and 0.67 for T. forsythensis.Conclusion: Overall, the agreement between both test methods was excellent for A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, fair for T. forsythensis and poor for F. nucleatum and P. intermedia. The discrepancies in the results may be explained by the inability of cultivation methods to distinguish between close related taxa, and the problems of keeping periopathogenic bacteria viable, which is required for standard cultivation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00740.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapidly Resorbable and Spongiosa-Like Dicalcium Potassium Sodium Phosphate Glass-Ceramics for Three-Dimensional Cultivation of Human Osteoblast-Like Cells (2001)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 218-220 (Nov. 2001), p. 233-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/46/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.218-220.233.pdf
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