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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative morphogenetic investigations on fine structural changes in the optic tectum of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) during ontogenesis (1978)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 184 (1978), S. 83-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Synaptogenesis ; Electron microscopy ; Visual acuity ; Fish development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The morphogenetic differentiation of synapses of the optic tectum of the rainbow trout was investigated at different stages of development (from hatching to adult) and compared with the improvement in visual discrimination (minimum separable). (1) The main phase of synaptogenesis (increase in number of synapses, length of contact zone and number of vesicles) begins about one week after hatching and continues up to the age of one month, when the larvae start swimming freely. (2) Myelination begins 26 days after hatching and induces the end of the synaptogenesis period. (3) The visual discrimination (minimum separable) of trout larvae improves from 30 degrees of arc on the 10th day after hatching to 1 degree on day 30, then to about 14 to 18 min of arc in the adult. The results are discussed with special reference to previous biochemical investigations on changes in the ganglioside composition of the trout brain during comparable periods of development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848671
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pattern of structural differentiation in the optic nerve of trout (Salmo gairdneri) (1982)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 191 (1982), S. 176-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Trout ; Optic nerve ; Myelination ; Glial cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The development of the trout optic nerve is quantitatively described from early ontogenesis into adulthood. The nerve is oval in cross section until stage 34, thereafter the formation of vertically aligned parallel folds can be observed and thus the unique shape of a folded ribbon is gradually attained. Quantitative measurements revealed a linear increase in cross sectional area, caused in part by the formation of new folds and in part by an increase in size of the preexisting ones. We attribute the continuous expansion of individual folds to an increase in fiber size subsequent to myelination rather than to the addition of new fibers. The total number of glial cells increased concomitantly per fold. Myelinogenesis starst at stage 33 with the ensheathement of axons beginning at the dorsal edge of the primary fold and follows a highly ordered pattern throughout development, strictly succeeding neural outgrowth. The functional significance of this pattern is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848333
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Central nervous system myelin proteins of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae: phylogenetic implications (1991)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 32 (1991), S. 131-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Proteolipid protein ; Immunoblot analysis ; Latimeria chalumnae ; Lungfishes ; Tetrapods ; Actinistia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Myelin was isolated from the brain of a coelacanth. Its protein components were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS-PAGE). A protein component of 25000 Dalton was predominant; it was not glycosylated but reacted moderately with anti-mammalian CNS myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) antibodies and weakly with anti-lungfish CNS myelin glycosylated proteolipid protein (gPLP) antibodies. A component equivalent to mammalian DM-20 was not detectable. Presumably due to autolysis myelin basic protein (MBP) was not discernible by protein staining but showed up as a single band of 17000 Dalton with anti-mammalian MBP antibodies. Wolfgram protein (WP) was not present upon immunoblotting and the values for the myelin-specific 2′, 3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) were extremely low. These results question a chondrichthyan association of the coelacanth but are strongly in favor of an Actinistia-Tetrapoda sister group relationship, with Dipnoi being most closely related to that combined group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007449
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Myelin lipids: A phylogenetic study (1986)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 11 (1986), S. 1261-1272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The lipid composition of CNS and PNS myelin was studied in rat,Xenopus, trout andTorpedo. The main difference lay in the proportion of cerebrosides, which decreased in the sequence rat 〉 Xenopus 〉 Torpedo 〉 trout. In additionTorpedo CNS and PNS myelins were extremely rich in sulfatides. In some respects,Torpedo appeared closer to tetrapods than trout. Otherwise the proportion of the different lipid classes did not reveal any clear evolutionary trends. The presence of hydroxylated galactolipids in CNS myelin was investigated in several additional species. Considerable amounts were found inTorpedo, Polypterus, Protopterus, lizard, and chicken, with the highest values in rat and anurans. Only very small amounts of hydroxylated cerebrosides were detected in trout and in axolotl, while newt had none. This parameter appears therefore of doubtful usefulness for phylogenetic studies. In contrast to myelin proteins, myelin lipids are of limited value for establishing phylogenetic relationship among vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00966121
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ingrowth of optic nerve fibers and onset of myelin ensheathment in the optic tectum of the trout (Salmo gairdneri) (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 227 (1982), S. 201-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Optic systems ; Axonal growth ; Myelination ; Ultrastructure ; Teleosts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The early differentiation of the optic pathway of the trout was studied by means of autoradiography, silver impregnation and electron microscopy. Ingrowth of optic nerve fibers into the optic tectum was consistently shown by tracer application and Golgi studies to occur at stage 28, about one week before hatching. Fibers being arranged in discrete bundles were rapidly growing through the longitudinal axis of tectum and at stage 33 reached its posterior end. Cross sections of these fiber bundles at different positions revealed myelin ensheatment to be initiated at the end of stage 34 at the anterior pole of the tectum. Since in the optic nerve of the trout the onset of myelination occurred even earlier (stage 33), it is assumed that this differentiation process follows a rostro-caudal gradient during development of the optic pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206341
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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