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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Electrochimica Acta 23 (1978), S. 1031-1037 
    ISSN: 0013-4686
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Crystal Growth 82 (1987), S. 100-105 
    ISSN: 0022-0248
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Communications 87 (1993), S. 185-188 
    ISSN: 0038-1098
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Czechoslovak journal of physics 13 (1963), S. 182-187 
    ISSN: 1572-9486
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The author grew CdS single crystals by his own method which is described here in addition to other methods. The material was either prepared by the author or commercial luminescence-pure material was used. The amount of impurities in the commercial material was an order higher than in the author's own material. It was found that the physical properties (e.g. hole density) are worse in large single crystals than in crystals with a mosaic structure. For this reason it is thought that some of the properties are caused by stoichiometric deviations and other by defects in the crystal lattice. In this case impurification plays only a secondary role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Czechoslovak journal of physics 10 (1960), S. 247-254 
    ISSN: 1572-9486
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract В работе рассматрива ются причины желтой о краски кристаллов LiF. В согласии с некоторым и другими авторами при ходится к заключению, что окраска вызвана з агрязнениями. Селективная абсорбц ия в инφракрасной обл асти при 2,8 μ. не зависит от окраски. Аналитические данны е дополнены опытами с выращиванием криста ллов, к которым добавлено точно опре деленное количество примесей тяжелых эле ментов, как Со, Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni, Pt, Cu. В литературе приво дится, что желтую окра ску вызывают ионы жел еза и платины. На основе на ших опытов установле но, что из использован ных примесей самую интенсивную ок раску вызывает марга нец. Влияние Си и Pt не яв ляется вполне убедительным. Окраши вающие загрязнения у летучивают из распла ва под критическое значение, необходимо е для окраски, в вакуум е легко, на воздухе лиш ь в течение длительно й выдержки в расплавле нном состоянии (в наше м случае: плавка 1 kg-36 часо в 100°С над точкой плавлен ия). Продувание распла ва сухим газом, наприм ер, азотом, улучшает результат. Т аким способом можно п олучить бесцветный к ристалл без применен ия вакуума, однако, исход ное сырье должно быть достаточно чистым. Вы л разработан новый метод получени я соли путем прямой ре акции LiCl и HF. Тяжелые мета ллы удаляются из литиево й составляющей купра лом и дитизоном. Для оп ытов с ростом в вакууме при менялась установка, к онструкция которой о тличалась от описанн ых в литературе.
    Notes: Abstract The paper deals with the causes of the yellow colouring of LiF crystals. In accordance with some other writers the authors arrived at the conclusion that colouring is caused by impurities. Selective absorption in the infra-red region at 2·8 μ is independent of this colouring. Analytical data were supplemented by crystal growing experiments in which defined admixtures of heavy metals, such as Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni, Pt, Cu, were added to the melt. It is shown that, of the admixtures used, the most intense colouring is produced by manganese. Experiments on the effect of Cu and Pt were not entirely conclusive. In vacuum colour-producing impurities evaporate quite easily from the melt until their concentration drops below the critical limit required for colouring; in air this happens only if the charge is left in the melted state for a longer period (in our case a 1 kg charge was kept at 100°C above melting point for 36 hours). Results are improved if a dried gas, for instance nitrogen, is bubbled through the meit. A colourless crystal can be obtained in this manner even without using a vacuum; the starting material, however, must be sufficiently pure. A new method was worked out for preparing the salt by direct precipitation of LiCl and HF. Heavy metals are removed from the lithium component by means of cupral and dithizone. The construction of the apparatus used for the crystal growing experients in vacuum differs from that described in the appropriate literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 3 (1973), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The catalytic properties of polymeric phthalocyanines with Fe and Co as central atoms for the electroreduction of oxygen in 0.5–2.3m H2SO4 were studied. No noticeable dependence of the electrode potential on the concentration of H2SO4 was found. The electroactivity of the catalyst with a central Fe atom undergoes considerable deterioration under the given conditions, whereas the stability of the catalyst with a central Co atom is very good and the potential of an electrode containing 30% catalyst in the active mass is 100 mV more positive than that of an electrode with 13% platinum, both at 40 mA cm−2. The electrode performance depends markedly on the sort of carbon substrate, showing a parallelism with respect to oxygen electrodes in alkaline medium. The gold mesh current collector can be replaced by the addition of carbon black to the active layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 3 (1973), S. 297-301 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The zinc-air electrochemical system in 5m NH4Cl was studied. The optimum electrolyte-zinc ratio was found to be 50 ml g−1 Zn and the optimum electrolyte-cathode ratio, 15 ml cm−2 of carbon cathode. The air cathode polarization is not increased by intermittent usage of the cell. Electrodes made from zinc sponge with addition of lead show the smallest corrosion in the given electrolyte. The cell voltage is about 0.9–0.95 V at a load of 10 mA cm−2 of carbon cathode at ambient temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1998), S. 277-282 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: fuel cells ; PEMFC ; oxygen cathode ; electrode porosity ; mass transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Better performance of and higher electrocatalyst utilization in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells equipped with thin film electrodes is achieved by exploiting pore forming additives in the electrode recipe formulation. Preparing the membrane–electrode assembly by a hot spraying procedure already provides 35% porosity. Additional coarse porosity is obtained by adding pore formers to the electrocatalyst slurry which is used for the hot spraying process. This allows for a better access of oxygen from air to the depth of the cathode. For air operation at ambient pressure and low catalyst loading of 0.15mgPtcm-2 a current density of 200mAcm-2 at 0.7V cell voltage can be obtained with such electrodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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