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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutations and sequence variants in the testis-determining region of the Y chromosome in individuals with a 46,XY female phenotype (1997)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 99 (1997), S. 648-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The testis-determining gene SRY (sex determining region, Y) is located on the short arm of the Y chromosome and consists of a single exon, the central third of which is predicted to encode a conserved motif with DNA binding/bending properties. We describe the screening of 26 patients who presented with 46,XY partial or complete gonadal dysgenesis for mutations in both the SRY open reading frame (ORF) and in 3.8 kb of Y-specific flanking sequences. DNA samples were screened by using the fluorescence-assisted mismatch analysis (FAMA) method. In two patients, de novo mutations causing complete gonadal dysgenesis were detected in the SRY ORF. One was a nonsense mutation 5′ to the HMG box, whereas the other was a missense substitution located at the C terminus of the conserved motif and identical to one previously detected in an unrelated patient. In addition, two Y-specific polymorphisms were found 5′ to the SRY gene, and a sequence variant was identified 3′ to the SRY polyadenylation site. No duplications of the DSS region in 20 of these patients were detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050422
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring voluntary feed intake under practical conditions, methods and applications (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1995.tb00025.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of spinal deformities in Atlantic salmon and Arctic charr fed diets supplemented with oxytetracycline (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 49 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Some individuals within populations of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus fed diets supplemented with oxytetracycline (OTC) developed spinal deformations. Possible differences in feed intake and growth of spinally deformed fish relative to fish without any deformities were investigated. Amongst Atlantic salmon, 17% of the fish fed OTC-supplemented feed developed spinal fractures, whereas none of the fish receiving the basic feed did so. Despite deformation of the spinal column, the injured fish continued to feed and grow, but at lower rates than unaffected individuals. In contrast to Atlantic salmon, Arctic charr showed no signs of spinal fractures at any time during the 65-day experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb00063.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A non-destructive morphometric technique for estimation of body and mesenteric lipid in Arctic charr: a case study of its application (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 47 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Weight and eight linear measurements were made on Arctic charr from the domesticated Hammerfest strain from Norway and offspring of wild charr of a pelagic morph from Loch Rannoch, Scotland. Guts and mesenteries were removed from the Hammerfest charr only, and the amount of lipid in both carcass and mesenteries measured by Soxhlet extraction. Lipid was extracted from the whole body of the Loch Rannoch charr. Multiple regression analysis was used to derive morphometric predictors of total lipid for the Hammerfest charr and percentage body lipid for the Loch Rannoch charr, the regressions explaining 83 and 59% of variance respectively. For the Hammerfest charr, multiple regression also provided a reliable predictor of mesenteric fat, accounting for 65% of its variance. Hammerfest charr that exhibited high aggression rates had 53% more whole body lipid and 100% more mesenteric fat than those with low aggression rates, using direct measures of lipid levels. Indirect, morphometrically-derived measures of lipid levels gave almost identical results. It is concluded that morphometric techniques can provide estimates of both whole body and mesenteric lipid in studies requiring repeated measures on the same individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb01875.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of environmental manipulations on inter– and intra–individual variation in food acquisition and growth performance of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 44 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Repeated measurements of food intake made on juvenile Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, held under different rearing conditions enabled examination of the effects of environmental manipulations on both intra– and inter–individual variations in food intake to be made. This permitted the assessment of the influences of differential food acquisition on individual growth rates and biomass gain. When charr were held in isolation individual fish showed relatively little day–to–day variability in food intake and inter–individual differences in intake were small (‘base–fine’ values). All fish exhibited positive rates of growth and the overall range was narrow. Nevertheless, there was a highly significant positive correlation between food intake and growth, indicating that those individuals that consumed the greatest quantities of food were also those that had the highest rates of weight gain. The rearing of charr in groups led to increases in both intra– and inter–individual variations in food intake to levels considerably above ‘base–line’. This increased variability in food intake was reflected in rates of weight gain being more variable amongst the charr reared in groups, with fish that lost weight often being recorded. Manipulation of the rearing environment had marked influences upon intra–individual variability in food intake, inter–individual differences in food acquisition and rates of weight gain. High stocking densities and exposure of the fish to moderate water currents were most effective in reducing levels of variability to approach those observed under ‘base–line’ conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1994.tb01277.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of previous feeding regime on the compensatory growth response of maturing and immature Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 43 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Alternating periods of food deprivation with those of unlimited provision of food depressed the growth of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, below that of controls. Fish that were deprived of food and then fed on alternate weeks (1:1) were larger than those that were exposed to periods of 1 5- or 3-week deprivation and feeding (1·5:1·5 or 3:3). On receiving excess food supplies following 24 weeks on the restricted feeding regimes the previously-restricted fish grew more rapidly than the controls. The greatest compensatory growth was displayed after the 3:3 regime, followed by the 1·5:1·5 and then the 1:1 feeding regime. At the termination of the experiment there were no significant differences in body weight between fish fed according to the different regimes during the period that food restriction was imposed. Growth patterns of the immature males and females were similar, but mature males were significantly lighter than the immature fish by the end of the experiment. Both immature and maturing fish displayed a compensatory growth response on return to adequate feeding. Beginning food restriction in May did not influence the proportions of male fish (c. 60%) which were mature in the autumn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb00576.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The size of lipid depots-a factor contributing to the control of food intake in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus? (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 43 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Food intake of Arctic charr was greatest in the fish with reduced lipid depots. It is suggested that appetite declines as lipid accumulates and energy reserves become repleted, such that energy reserves are then maintained close to some set-point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb00583.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of feeding regime on proximate body composition and patterns of energy deposition in juvenile Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 35 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Juvenile Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, subjected to either food deprivation or restricted feeding showed reductions in relative sizes of both liver and viscera. With food deprivation, percentage lipid decreased and percentage water increased in the eviscerated carcass, which is in agreement with findings for several other fish species. Following transfer from a restricted to a satiation feeding regime, the relative sizes of both liver and viscera increased to levels exceeding those of fish fed continuously to satiation. At the end of the experiment the percentage liver lipid content of restricted-satiation fed fish was higher than in fish fed to satiation. These differences in energy deposition patterns were, however, not sufficiently large to produce marked differences at the whole animal level, since whole body lipid energy: protein energy ratios and energy utilization efficiencies were similar for restricted-satiation and satiation fed fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03387.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of feeding regime on food consumption, growth rates and tissue nucleic acids in juvenile Arctic charr, Salvelinm alpinus, with particular respect to compensatory growth (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 34 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Juvenile Arctic charr responded to a change from restricted to satiation feeding by showing a growth spurt (compensatory growth). During this period of rapid growth the fish became hyper-phagic and in the days immediately following transfer from restricted to satiation feeding showed improved food conversion efficiency compared to their counterparts raised on a liberal feeding regime. Tissue (liver and muscle) nucleic acid concentrations were influenced by feeding regime, and RNA : DNA ratios were low in both starved fish and those fed restricted rations. Following transfer from restricted to satiation feeding, tissue RNA : DNA ratios were rapidly restored to initial levels. The uses of tissue RNA: DNA ratios both in evaluating nutritional status and as growth indices are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03377.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric emptying in cod, Gadus morhua L.: effects of food particle size and dietary energy content (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 33 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Whole herring, Clupea harengus, were digested and emptied from cod stomachs much more slowly than meals of minced herring, showing that prey integrity is an important factor controlling emptying. Increasing the energy content of the minced herring by addition of fish meal and oil led to a reduction in the percentage of the meal emptied in the 24 h subsequent to feeding, but rates of energy throughput on the enriched herring diet were high. The physical form of the diet appears to be more important than energy content in the control of gastric emptying in cod. The results are discussed with respect to possible effects of dietary type on absorptive and metabolic processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1988.tb05495.x
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