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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Duodenal ulcer healing and acid secretory responses to modified sham feeding and pentagastrin stimulation (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 4 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of duodenal ulcer healing on the acid secretory responses to modified sham feeding and maximal pentagastrin stimulation has been studied in 17 patients treated successfully with ranitidine (n= 9) and sucralfate (n= 8). Parietal cell sensitivity was calculated as the ratio of the modified sham feeding response to the peak pentagastrin response, expressed as a percentage. Ulcer healing after sucralfate therapy resulted in significant falls in modified sham feeding stimulated acid output (P 〈 0.02), from 9.4 (1.8–17.0) (median + range) to 3.7 (0.2–9.4) mmol/h; in peak acid output (P 〈 0.05) from 42.8 (23.0–61.4) to 27.7 (7.2–51.0)mmol/h; and in the parietal cell sensitivity (P 〈 0.05) from 19.2 (4.4–42.6) to 14.3 (2.8–19.7)%. No significant falls in any of these parameters were noted following ulcer healing with ranitidine. Duodenal ulcer healing with sucralfate results in decreased acid secretory responses to vagal and pentagastrin stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1990.tb00486.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of fasting on 24-h gastric secretion of patients with duodenal ulcers resistant to ranitidine (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We compared the effects of fasting and feeding on the antisecretory actions of ranitidine in 19 patients whose duodenal ulcers remained unhealed or relapsed despite treatment with the drug. Nine of the patients received, and continued with, 150 mg ranitidine b.d. and 10 took 300 mg ranitidine b.d. In all patients, gastric secretion was inhibited during the night, with near-neutral pH and acid output less than an average of 2 mmol in 8 h. Gastric secretion was not inhibited during the day by either of the therapeutic regimens. However, on the day when the patients fasted, gastric acidity was, on average, 20–50 mmol/L less than on the day when food was consumed. Food-induced interference with the therapeutic inhibition of gastric secretion produced by H2-receptor antagonists may be responsible for the unsatisfactory clinical response of some patients with duodenal ulcers. Prolonged fasting can improve the control of gastric secretion and may allow resistant ulcers to heal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1989.tb00238.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of food on ranitidine-induced inhibition of nocturnal gastric secretion (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Overnight gastric secretion of acid and pepsin was studied in nine, healthy, male volunteers on two separate occasions, in randomized order. On one day, each individual received a standard meal at 18.00 hours, followed by an oral dose of 300 mg ranitidine at 18.15 hours. During the second study, 300 mg ranitidine was again taken at 18.15 hours, but the meal was consumed at 22.00 hours.Gastric juice was sampled hourly from 19.00 to 24.00 hours and then aspirated completely and continuously until 08.00 hours the next morning. Median pH values were significantly lower and median acidity was significantly higher, when the meal was eaten at 22.00 hours. The outputs of acid and pepsin after midnight were also significantly greater following the late night meal.It seems that food interferes with the gastric inhibitory effects of the currently used H2-receptor antagonists, such as ranitidine. We conclude that H2-receptor antagonists must be taken after the last meal of the day in order to ensure maximal therapeutic efficacy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1988.tb00724.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prescribing of acid suppressants prior to the endoscopic diagnosis of Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophagitis (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: There has been a dramatic rise in incidences of Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. It has been suggested that the introduction and use of acid suppression therapy may be a factor in the rising incidences of Barrett’s oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:This was a record linkage study, using a prescribing database and an endoscopy database. Patients who had undergone their first endoscopy during the period 1992–1995 and received the diagnosis of Barrett’s oesophagus or oesophagitis were identified. The prescribing of acid suppressants was compared for the 3 years prior to endoscopy, between those with Barrett’s oesophagus and those with oesophagitis.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:There was no significant difference between the Barrett’s patients and the oesophagitis patients in the proportion that had been exposed to acid suppression therapy (53.4% vs. 51.7%, P=0.704). The mean number of days of prescribing among those who had been exposed to acid suppression therapy was higher in the Barrett’s group (340.5 vs. 237.0 days, P=0.001).〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Patients with Barrett’s oesophagus have received more acid suppressant therapy prior to diagnosis. The reasons for this are not clear. However, 46.6% of Barrett’s patients have not been exposed to acid suppressant therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00914.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of cigarette smoking on plasma concentrations of gastric antisecretory drugs (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 1 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Plasma concentrations of cimetidine and ranitidine were measured after oral administration (n= 5 for cimetidine, n= 5 for ranitidine) or intravenous administration (n= 6 for cimetidine, n= 4 for ranitidine) in habitual smokers, once when cigarettes were smoked and again on a separate day when cigarettes were prohibited. After oral administration plasma concentrations of both drugs rose more rapidly and peak plasma concentrations were achieved earlier when cigarettes were smoked. However, plasma concentrations of the drugs subsequent to the peak were significantly lower when cigarettes were smoked. Cigarette smoking had no effect on plasma blood concentrations of either drug when administered intravenously. In eight healthy smokers cigarette smoking increased the gastric emptying of a liquid test meal by 28% compared with non-smoking control rates. In habitual smokers cigarette smoking alters the blood concentrations of antisecretory drugs in a manner which appears attributable to an increase in the rate of gastric emptying. The observed changes in drug disposition may contribute to the loss of gastric secretory inhibition observed in duodenal ulcer patients who are smokers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1987.tb00607.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Problems with the interpretation of gastric pH measurement (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1993), S. 12-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Gastric acidity ; Gastric juice ; Gastric secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study examines some of the assumptions underlying the use of intragastric pH-metry for assessing the degree of therapeutic gastric inhibition. Three separate studies were performed to determine the relationship between pH and titratable hydrogen ion concentration in gastric juice and to assess the relationship between the concentration of acid and the rate of gastric secretion. The concentration of acid derived from pH measurements tended to be lower than the titrated hydrogen ion concentration. The difference between the two readings — the “buffered” hydrogen ion concentration — was increased by the presence of food and was reduced during gastric secretory inhibition with ranitidine. The titrated hydrogen ion concentration reflected more accurately the amount of hydrochloric acid added to a container in vitro than pH measurement. However, in vivo even the measurement of titratable acidity was poorly correlated with the volume of secreted gastric juice so that measurement of gastric acid concentration does not permit inferences about the rate of gastric secretion. The results of the present study indicate that measurement of intragastric pH is unsatisfactory for assessing gastric secretion, particularly in response to a food stimulus, so that measurement of gastric acidity alone does not reflect the rate, or changes in the rate, of gastric acid secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231110
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    x-space sum rules and the pion wave function in QCD (1986)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 33 (1986), S. 281-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract From two-point correlators of (derivative) axial currents we construct sum rules in Euclidean configuraton space for the moments of the pion wave-function. Analysis of these sum rules gives a value of the second moment $$\left\langle {\xi ^2 } \right\rangle $$ compatible with those obtained from conventional sum rules but in disagreement with that obtained in a recent lattice calculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411147
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eimeria spp. of the domestic fowl: Analysis of genetic variability between species and strains using DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers and denaturing gradient-gel electrophoresis (1995)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 81 (1995), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The genetic relatedness of 5Eimeria spp. of the domestic fowl, including 11 strains ofE. acervulina, 2 strains ofE. tenella and 1 precocious line ofE. acervulina, was assayed by means of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and denaturing gradient-gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Seven different oligonucleotides were used to generate similarity coefficients for the species and strains ofEimeria infecting chickens. Between 1 and 13 DNA segments, depending on the species/strain-primer combination, were amplified with the various primers. Amplification products ranged in size from 0.16 to 3.8 kb.E. acervulina strains demonstrated two to four major common bands unique to the species. These strains also exhibited major and minor differences in their DNA patterns. Band-match analyses from both polyacrylamide and denaturing gradient gels were used to calculate similarity coefficients for theEimeria spp. and strains tested. Species differences, readily detected upon examination of DNA banding patterns, gave similarity coefficients of 4%–38% and 3%–18% when analyzed by polyacrylamide-and denaturing gradient-gel electrophoresis, respectively. A similar analysis ofE. acervulina strains yielded similarity coefficients of 55%–95% and 51%–85%, respectively. The differences observed between both species and strains were greater when the RAPD-assay products were analyzed via DGGE, indicating that a combination of these two techniques may provide a more stringent analysis of the genetic relatedness of these coccidia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00931611
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A fast and inexpensive method for isolation of high-quality RNA from eimerian oocysts (1998)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 84 (1998), S. 549-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An inexpensive and simple method using acid-phenol was developed for the isolation of total RNA from eimerian oocysts. This procedure provides a pure preparation of undegraded RNA in high yield and can be completed in under 2 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050446
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isoenzymes of Eimeria from the domestic fowl: Electrophoretic variants among species, strains and clones (1997)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 83 (1997), S. 464-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electrophoretic variation of enzymes in five Eimeria spp. of the domestic fowl, including nine strains, ten single-sporocyst clones and two single-sporozoite clones of E. acervulina, three strains each of E. maxima and E. tenella, two strains of E. praecox and one strain of E. necatrix, were assayed using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Ten enzymes [aldehyde oxidase (AO), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), amylase (AMY), fumarate hydratase (FUM), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), glutamate-oxaloacetate transferase (GOT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM)] were analyzed for their ability to distinguish between these species and strains. Enzymatic activity of G6PDH, GPI, IDH, MDH and PGM was detected in all the Eimeria spp. examined. Strains within each species were characterized by the same electrophoretic variant of G6PDH. Electrophoretic variants of GPI and PGM were the most valuable in the identification of inter- and intra-specific variation, particularly in the field strains of E. acervulina and E. tenella.These two enzymes were used to examine single-sporocyst and single-sporozoite clones derived from two strains of E. acervulina. The enzymes in E. maxima appeared to be conserved, showing no variation among strains with the five enzymes detected. Relative mobilities, calculated as described in this paper, were found to be consistent between different electrophoresis runs and may serve as a reference when this medium is used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050281
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