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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of supernumerary molting by starvation in Manduca sexta larvae (1980)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 28 (1980), S. 259-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden Studien durchgeführt über die Effekte längeren Hungerns auf die Entwicklung des fünften (letzten) Larvenstadiums bei Manduca sexta. Nach der Häutung wurden die Larven während unterschiedlicher Zeit ohne Nahrung gelassen und dann mit normalem Futter versehen. Der Prozentsatz Häutungen für ein sechstes Larvenstadium nahm mit der Dauer des Hungerns zu, während die Ueberlebensrate abnahm. Wenn Agar als Quelle für Wasser gereicht wurde, wurden beide Effekte vermindert. Die optimalen Verhältnisse für maximales Überleben und zusätzliches Häuten scheinen bei 3 Tagen Hunger mit 0.5–1.0 Gramm Agar am Tage 0 zu sein. Die endokrinologische Basis für die zusätzliche Larvenhäutung wird kurz diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract Studies were carried out on the effects of prolonged starvation on the development of fifth- (last-) instar larvae of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta. Following ecdysis, larvae were starved for varying lengths of time and subsequently fed normal diet. The percent of starved larvae molting to sixth instars increased, while the percent survival decreased with increasing length of the starvation period. When larvae were provided with agar as a source of water during the starvation period, the percent survival increased, but the percent undergoing supernumerary molting decreased. The optimal condition for maximum survival and supernumerary molting appeared to be 3 days of starvation with 0.5–1.0 g of agar provided on day 0. The endocrine basis for the supernumerary larval molt induced by starvation is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00366312
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of juvenile hormone esterase in terminating larval feeding and initiating metamorphic development in Trichoplusia ni (1985)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 39 (1985), S. 171-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: juvenile hormone ; juvenile hormone esterase ; O-ethyl-S-phenyl-phosphoramidothiolate ; juvenile hormone esterase inhibitor ; metamorphosis ; Trichoplusia ni ; Noctuidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cette étude indique d'abord que, lorsque la dégradation de l'hormone juvénile (JH) par la JHE est bloquée par un inhibiteur (EPPAT, O-éthyl-S-phényl-phosphoramidothiolate) les effets prothoracicotropiques—libération d'ecdysone—sont retardés chez Trichoplusia ni Hübner. Ainsi, la JHE est un élément important de la dégradation de JH, impliquant que sans une dégradation régulière, la teneur en JH deviendra anormalement élevée. Cette accumulation d'hormone juvénile endogène chez les larves traitées à l'EPPAT provoque de plus une mue larvaire supplémentaire. Par conséquent, JHE est importante aussi dans le contrôle de la nature de la mue, en déterminant la teneur en JH. Enfin, cette étude a montré que l'EPPAT à des doses appropriées est un moyen efficace pur étudier l'action hormonale in vivo sans artéfacts pharmaceutiques.
    Notes: Abstract This study shows, first, that when JH degradation by JHE is blocked with an inhibitor (EPPAT, O-ethyl-S-phenyl-phosphoramidothiolate), prothoracicotropic/ecdysone release/effects are postponed in the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Noctuidae). Thus, JHE is an important component of JH degradation, implying that without normal degradation the JH titer will become abnormally high. Second, this accumulation of endogenous JH in EPPAT treated larvae results in an extra larval molt. Therefore, JHE is also important in the control of the nature of the molt, by controlling the JH titer. Third, this study demonstrates that EPPAT at proper doses is a viable probe for studying enzyme and hormone action in vivo without pharmacological artifacts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414505
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Juvenile hormone esterases of Lepidoptera II. Isoelectric points and binding affinities of hemolymph juvenile hormone esterase and binding protein activities (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 154 (1984), S. 213-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) and juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP) activities from the last larval instar of 14 species of Lepidoptera (Pieris rapae, Colias eurytheme, Danaus plexippus, Junonia coenia, Hemileuca nevadensis, Pectinophora gossypiella, Spodoptera exigua, Trichoplusia ni, Heliothis virescens, Orygia vetusta, Ephestia elutella, Galleria mellonella, Manduca sexta andEstigmene acrea) were analyzed by analytical isoelectric focusing (IEF). While the multiplicity and isoelectric point of these proteins varied, all of them were mildly acidic (pI 4.0–7.0), and a large number of the species possessed only a single JHE and/or JHBP activity. The Michaelis constants (K m's) of the whole hemolymph JHE activities from selected species for JH III were in the range of 10−7M. The equilibrium dissociation constantK d of the JHBP was determined by Scatchard analysis for selected species as well, with the majority of species having aK d near 10−7M. This information is consistent with JHE acting as a scavenger for JH at various times during development and relying entirely on mass action to remove JH from its protective JHBP complexes. The JHBP should limit nonspecific binding and thus facilitate the rapid transport of the intact hormone through-out the hemocoel. These data indicate that the species currently used in the study of the developmental biology of the Lepidoptera are biochemically similar to a variety of other species in this order.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684148
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Juvenile hormone esterases of Lepidoptera (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 148 (1982), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) titer was measured during the last larval instar of 11 species of Lepidoptera (Pieris rapae, Junonia coenia, Danaus plexippus, Hemileuca nevadensis, Pectinophora gossypiella, Spodoptera exigua, Orgyia vetusta, Ephestia elutella, Galleria mellonella, Manduca sexta andEstigmene acrea). All species had a peak of JHE at or near the time of wandering. The peak activity at this time ranged from 0.8 to 388 nmoles JH III cleaved/min·ml. All species exceptJ. coenia had a second peak of JHE during the late prepupal stage. The height of the second peak ranged from 0.4 to 98.4 nmoles/min·ml. However, there was no apparent correlation between size of the first and second JHE activity peaks for the lepidopteran species examined. There was an apparent relationship between the height of the first and second JHE peaks and reports on titer of JH just prior to these peaks. These data support, with some qualifications, the extension of developmental information obtained on several well studied species to a variety of Lepidoptera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688882
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Juvenile hormone action to suppress gene transcription and influence message stability (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 14 (1993), S. 323-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: mRNA stability ; mRNA translatability ; metamorphosis ; gene regulation ; hexamerins ; storage proteins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Proteins normally expressed in high abundance only at larval-pupal metamorphosis in Trichoplusia ni were examined in a comparative analysis of the role and level of hormonal control of their expression. Some related proteins in the hemocyanin-superfamily (i.e., an acidic protein [AJHSP1] and two basic proteins [BJHSP1, BJHSP2]) were shown by nuclear run-on analysis to be specifically transcriptionally suppressed by juvenile hormone (JH), while transcription of another member of that family which is also metamorphosis-associated (arylphorin) was not specifically sensitive to JH. The stability of the mRNA for those members transcriptionally down-regulated by JH appeared to decrease under high JH conditions. While each protein was resorbed to some extent by the prepupal fat body, only the two basic proteins were quantitatively cleared from prepupal hemolymph. The JH-sensitive proteins studied appear to be encoded in single copy genes not immediately juxtaposed in the genome. These and previous studies now permit a more comprehensive understanding of the different combinations of mechanisms involving transcription, mRNA stability, translation, and protein clearance that operate to regulate these metamorphosis-associated proteins. © 1993Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020140410
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of juvenile hormone esterase gene transcription by juvenile hormone (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 15 (1994), S. 391-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Juvenile hormone ; juvenile hormone esterase ; transcription ; Trichoplusiani ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Juvenile hormone (JH) is a major hormone regulating insect development. We have obtained a cDNA and a genomic clone for juvenile hormone esterase (JHE), the enzyme that is involved in the degradation of juvenile hormone and which is critical for insect development. Analysis of the regulation of JHE during the final larval stadium in the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, showed that the JHE mRNA levels are maximal on days 2 and 4 of the final stadium. Nuclear run-on analyses demonstrated that changes in JHE mRNA levels are primarily due to changes in the transcription rate of the gene, which may be a single copy in the genome. Treatment with a JH analog resulted in induction of JHE gene transcription, which could be detected within three hours after treatment. Salient features present in the 5′ flanking region of this JH-sensitive gene are presented, including the presence of sequences closely resembling binding sites for members of the family of nuclear receptors. This report is the first direct demonstration, by nuclear run-on analysis, of JH induction of gene transcription. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020150502
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Premature production of late larval storage proteins in larvae of trichoplusia ni parasitized by euplectrus comstockii (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 26 (1994), S. 97-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; venom ; host hemolymph ; plasma proteins ; regulation ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Investigations were conducted to determine the titer of storage proteins in larvae of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), that were parasitized by the ectoparasitoid Euplectrus comstockii Howard (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). A gradual increase was noted in the titer of the storage proteins present in the hemolymph of parasitized third and fourth instar larvae and in the hemolymph of isolated thoracic and abdominal tissues of fourth instar larvae. The final amount present in parasitized third and fourth instar larvae was similar to that found in nonparasitized fifth instar larvae. The stimulation of storage proteins in envenomed larvae demonstrates the ability (competence) of early larval stages to produce a gene product that normally occurs in the last larval stadium of the lepidopteran larval host. The gene expression necessary for storage protein production in isolated tissues may be altered by mechanisms separate from inherent developmental processes and the intact endocrine system. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940260204
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and characterization of a very high density chromolipoprotein from the hemolymph of Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 7 (1988), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: biliverdin ; very high density lipoprotein ; chromolipoprotein ; Heliothis zea ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A biliverdin-carrying protein was purified to homogeneity from the larval hemolymph of Trichoplusia ni. The native protein (density = 1.26 g/ml) contains both lipid and covalently bound carbohydrate, as well as 150,000 Mr apolipoproteins. The protein is immunologically related to a similar protein from an insect belonging to the same family but is not related to known proteins from insects of other families. Also, the protein is not immunologically related to any of the other abundant hemolymph proteins found in larval Trichoplusia ni.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940070102
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Juvenile hormone-like effects of a thiazolylurea on lepidopteran larvae (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 79-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: juvenile hormone analog ; insect development ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Heliothis virescens maintained on a diet containing 50 ppm of thiazolylurea (5-[[[2-thiazolylamino]amino]carbonyl]-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester) showed symptoms of juvenile hormone overdose in the last larval instar. Increases in development time and weight, as well as larval color changes, were similar in animals fed thiazolylurea or topically treated with the juvenile hormone mimic methoprene. The juvenile hormone esterase titer profile in hemolymph of animals fed thiazolylurea was much broader than in controls, and peaked 2 days later than in controls; the premolt ecdysteroid peak in hemolymph of animals fed thiazolylurea appeared 2 days earlier than in controls. These events are characteristic of high hemolymph JH titers throughout the last larval instar.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120202
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical roles for juvenile hormone and its esterase+ in the prepupa of Trichoplusia ni (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 2 (1985), S. 397-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: Trichoplusia ni ; allatectomy ; juvenile hormone ; juvenile hormone esterase ; esterase inhibition ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the caterpillar Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) it has been demonstrated by allatectomy that the appearance of juvenile hormone during the prepupal stage is crucial for the successful larval-pupal ecdysis of most larvae. Application of juvenile hormone or juvenile hormone esterase inhibitors at key times disrupted normal development as well. Thus the subsequent disappearance of juvenile hormone is regulated by degradation by juvenile hormone esterase in addition to a hypothetical reduction in biosynthesis. This reduction in juvenile hormone titer in the prepupa is just as critical for normal development as was its previous appearance. These observations on the critical role of juvenile hormone in the prepupa are in contrast to observations in some other species. For instance, in the case of Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), juvenile hormone is considered only supplementary to the action of prothoracicotropic hormone in the postwandering stage and primarily is required for normal pupal development. It thus appears that even within the Lepidoptera the role of juvenile hormone in prepupal development can vary dramatically.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940020407
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