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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 185 (1960), S. 862-863 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To explore this further, small beams of f-in. square cross-section were cut from billets of three species, namely, Eucalyptus regnans (a hardwood prone to collapse of the cell wall during seasoning), Eucalyptus pilularis (a hardwood with very little tendency to collapse), and Pinus radiata (a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 1 (1967), S. 81-98 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die von Preston und Kelsey entworfenen Modelle zur Darstellung der Längsschwindung von Holz wurden von den Verfassern erweitert und zwar im Hinblick auf Scherspannungen zwischen Mikrofibrillen und zwischen Fasern. Es wurden mathematische Beziehungen aufgestellt und gezeigt, daß früher entwickelte Modelle dem hier entworfenen angenähert entsprechen. sprechen. Die Eignung des Modells wird von verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten aus beleuchtet und die Anderungen der Modellparameter bei wechselndem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt werden erörtert. Der Einfluß des Querschneidens der Fasern beim Mikrotomschnitt, der Einfluß der Delignifizierung und das Auftreten einer anomalen Hysterese werden besprochen. Die Parameter der entwickelten Modelle sind als Kurven dargestellt; diese werden unter Berücksichtigung der in der ersten Mitteilung veröffentlichten Ergebnisse erörtert. Als Schlußfolgerung ergibt sich, daß die Nichtlinearität, die in der Beziehung zwischen Längsschwindung und Feuchtigkeitsgehalt beobachtet wurde auf die Entwicklung eines gewissen Widerstandes gegen das gegenseitige Gleiten der Kettenmoleküle zurückkzuführen ist, und daß dieser Widerstand durch eine Zunahme der zwischen den Ketten bestehenden Molekularverbindungen bei abnehmendem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt verursacht wird. Ebenso wird vorgeschlagen, die irreversible Scherverformung zwischen den Fibrillen als Ursache für die Hysterese anzusehen.
    Notes: Summary Models put forward by Preston and Kelsey to represent the longitudinal shrinkage of wood have been extended to take into account shearing stresses between microfibrils and between fibres. Mathematical relationships have been developed and previous models shown to be approximations to that developed here. The suitability of the model from various points of view and the variations in the model parameters with changing moisture content are discussed. The effect of the cross-cutting of the fibres occurring in thin microtomed sections, the effect of delignification and the incidence of an anomalous hysteresis are also discussed. Curves are given for the parameters of the models developed and these are discussed in the light of the results reported in Part I of this paper. It is concluded that the non-linearity observed in the longitudinal shrinkage moisture content relationship is due to the development of restraint against slipping of the chain molecules along one another and that this restraint is caused by increasing inter-chain molecular bonding with decreasing moisture content. It is also suggested that the irreversible interfibrillar shearing strain is a cause of the hysteresis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The incidence of non-linearity with stress in the rheological behaviour of wood in bending was shown earlier to occur at an unexpectedly low stress. This has been further confirmed by the study of an additional species, alpine ash. Tests on hoop pine, one of the species previously studied in bending, have shown that in compression, non-linearity first occurs at stresses which are a much higher fraction of the ultimate stress than in bending, but in approximately the same range of actual stress. This suggests that the cause of non-linearity at such a low stress in bending lies in the fact that the compressive strength is considerably lower than the bending strength. The stress on the compression face of a beam reaches a high percentage of the ultimate compressive strength by the time the bending stress reaches the limit of proportionality in bending and the nonlinear effects in a beam are attributable mainly to stresses near the compression face. A marked effect of temperature on fractional total creep for hoop pine in compression was found even within the range 20 to 50° C, the creep increasing by a factor of about 2.5 in this range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 6 (1972), S. 272-283 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Plastic stress arising in wood during drying is calculated according to the theoretical model developed earlier. The mechanism of stress reversal and the type of resudual stress corresponding to different values of material constants are shown. The results are in qualitative agreement with experimental evidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 3 (1969), S. 324-328 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach einer Begründung der Wichtigkeit der Rheologieforschung werden die hier verfolgten Einzelfragen kurz erläutert. Durch rheologische Untersuchungen kann zwar das voraussichtliche Verhalten des Holzes meist mit genügender Genauigkeit vorausgesagt werden, aber die Kenntnisse auf diesem Gebiet sind noch lückenhaft. Zu den wichtigsten Zusammenhängen gehört die Kenntnis der Wechselwirkungen zwischen Belastung einerseits und veränderlicher Holzfeuchte andererseits. Engere internationale Zusammenarbeit könnte hier, wie auch in anderen Fragen sehr nutzbringend sein.
    Notes: Summary The reasons for the interest in the rheology of wood and the favoured lines of research are stated. The response of wood can often be predicted adequately on the basis of previous studies but notable gaps remain in our knowledge. Future research should avoid going over well trodden ground and should concentrate on filling some of the gaps listed. The factor of greatest importance is the interaction of load with change in moisture content. International cooperation in rheological research on wood would be of great benefit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 6 (1972), S. 215-229 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Terms used in relation to swelling pressure are first defined. The present status of knowledge of the swelling pressure of wood under various conditions is then briefly discussed. Methods are outlined for the determination of swelling pressure with restraint in one direction only and their limitations discussed. The method developed by Tarkow and Turner for the determination of swelling pressure when restraint is present in two directions is also referred to and outlined. Conclusions are then drawn from the present status of knowledge of swelling pressure in wood and gaps in this knowledge are indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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