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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 5908-5910 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-density YBa2Cu3Ox (relative sintered density ≥97%, as hot pressed) ceramics with an improved superconducting temperature (Tc) of 95 K and a critical current density (Jc) of 700 A/cm2 at 77 K, 0 T have successfully been produced by using hot pressing under a carefully controlled ambient gas system, followed by an appropriate oxygenation process. The obtained results indicate that in the oxygenation process of an YBa2Cu3Ox crystal the phase transition from the tetragonal phase (nonsuperconducting) to orthorhombic I phase (Tc≥90 K) occurs much easier than from orthorhombic II phase (Tc≈60 K) to orthorhombic I phase. This may also demonstrate a possible solution to the oxygenation problem in high-density YBa2Cu3Ox ceramics usually with degraded superconducting properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 6520-6522 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Gold evaporated on air-cleaved (00.1) graphite was observed by scanning tunneling microscopy. Most individual gold islands were not stable during scanning; some islands even appeared to translate. These observations suggest that the interaction between the gold islands and the scanning tunneling microscope tip is stronger than that between the gold and the air-cleaved graphite substrate. Some gold islands were observed to be stable. It was deduced that stable islands at steps were located on the upper layer rather than on the lower layer. It is also deduced that the alignment of the elongated gold grains in the continuous film may be related to cleavage steps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to determine the intrinsic value of magnetic moment, σs, of α″-Fe16N2 compound, the magnetic moment of (α″+α′)-Fe16N2 films is discussed in connection with the degree of N site ordering in nitrogen–martensite. To establish the more general relation between Fe–N martensite structure and σs, the Fe–N system is expanded to Fe–Co–N and Fe–H–N systems. As a result, it is found that (1) The existence of completely the same structure as bulk α″ phase was reconfirmed even in the film form by the precise structural analysis using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and Mössbauer analysis, (2) Fe–H martensite was synthesized by using sputtering under Ar+H2 atmosphere, (3) Stable formation of α″-(Fe100−XCoX)16N2 (X=10–30) phase through N site ordering by postannealing is proposed to be fairly difficult due to the sudden decrement of the phase decomposition temperature, Tp.d., of α′-(Fe100−XCoX)–N (X=0–30). Tp.d. of α′-(Fe100−XCoX)–N (X=0–30) phase decreases from 200 °C to RT with increasing Co and N contents, and (4) The intrinsic value of saturation magnetization of the α″-Fe16N2 phase is convinced to be no more than 240 emu/g (≈2.4 μB per Fe atom on average) at 300 K. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 1326-1328 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A distinct positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (PTCR) effect has been observed in undoped barium titanate ceramics sintered in the temperature range 1300–1400 °C in air. Although undoped barium titanate is normally insulating and ferroelectric at room temperature, it has been found that semiconducting barium titanate ceramics with a distinct PTCR effect could be produced by sintering high-purity, highly sinterable barium titanate powders in air. The resulting semiconducting barium titanate ceramics, with a relative sintered density of about 98%, had a core-shell structure with a semiconducting phase inside and an insulating phase outside. The outer insulating part had a microstructure consisting of rather small grains with an average grain size of less than 10 μm, while the inner semiconducting part had a large-grained microstructure with an average grain size of around 50 μm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 2396-2398 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An anomalously large periodicity has been observed in scanning tunneling microscope images of a (00.1) graphite sample. The unusual contrast has hexagonal symmetry, a periodicity of 7.7±0.2 nm and is superimposed on the usual a=0.246 nm atomic spacing of graphite. Current-voltage curves recorded in the scanning tunneling spectroscopy mode from the region showing the superperiodicity exhibit slightly more metallic behavior than those from neighboring normal regions. One possible explanation for the observed periodicity is that it is a rotational moiré pattern resulting from the overlap between a misoriented layer of graphite and the underlying graphite single crystal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 2781-2783 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The grain size dependence of the critical current density in bulk single-phase YBa2Cu3Ox ceramics was investigated. The grain size of the materials was changed to range approximately from 1.0 to 25 μm by changing the conditions of power processing and sintering, associated with an increase in the sintered density of the materials with increasing grain size. The critical current density has been found to exhibit a significant grain size dependence, changing from 880 A/cm2 to a value of 100 A/cm2 with a small increase in the average grain size from 1.2 to 2.0 μm. This seems to provide information about the nature of the weak link between superconducting grains which might govern the critical current density of the materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 1704-1706 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Monolithic xerogels of crystalline barium titanate, with dimensions of ∼3 mm thick and ∼6 mm in diameter, have been produced by sol–gel processing using metal alkoxides. An excess amount of water with the H2O/Ba ratio(approximately-greater-than)100 (for hydrolysis of the barium titanate precursor alkoxides) and aging time(approximately-greater-than)8 days were necessary to produce the monolithic crystalline xerogels without breaking during drying (at 90 °C). The barium titanate xerogels as-dried, with a porosity of about 70%, have been found to consist of crystalline grains in the range of 10–20 nm. Firing the xerogels at 1000 °C in air yielded porous barium titanate ceramics with an average grain size around 50 nm and a decreased porosity around 60%. The dielectric constant (εr)–temperature (T) characteristics of these ceramics have been found to be rather flat below 120 °C with a broad peak around this temperature, and those above 120 °C showed a specific behavior of ferroelectric materials described by a Curie–Weiss equation, εr=C/(T–T0), with C≈2×104 K and T0≈230 K (−43 °C); although these values are quite different from those of ferroelectric barium titanate. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 3372-3374 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Barium titanate thin films were deposited on metallic conducting BaPbO3 ceramic substrates by the sol-gel method using metal alkoxides. The thin films with a thickness of around 0.4 μm were confirmed to have a perovskite structure and to be highly resistive with a resistivity of more than 1011 Ω cm at room temperature. The typical dielectric constant and dissipation factor of the films were 600 and less than 2% (1 kHz), respectively, at room temperature. From ferroelectric hysteresis measurements a remnant polarization of around 1.5 μC/cm2 and a coercive field of about 28 kV/cm were obtained for the films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 689 (1982), S. 567-570 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: Bilayer ; Differential scanning calorimetry ; Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine ; Interlamellar water ; Phase transition ; Phosphatidylcholine-water system
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 184 (1959), S. 455-456 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Kuwabara and Naka4 have recorded an intra-cellular action potential from the compound eye of the fly and conclude that the response was obtained from a retinula cell. In our experiments the effects of stimulation by polarized light on the intracellularly recorded action potential were observed. ...
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