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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The morphology and distribution of peptide-containing neurons in the adult and developing visual cortex of the rat. III. Cholecystokinin (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 11 (1982), S. 881-895 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemistry was used to examine the morphology and distribution of cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive neurons in the visual cortex of the developing and mature albino rat. In the adult, labelled neurons were observed in all cortical layers but were concentrated in layers II and III. The majority of these neurons exhibited morphological features characteristic of bitufted and multipolar non-pyramidal cells described in Golgi preparations. Cholecystokinin immunoreactivity was first observed on postnatal day 3 and was confined to a few immature non-pyramidal cells located in the subplate region. The number of stained cells increased markedly during the latter part of the first postnatal week and by day 8 they were present in all cortical layers. Their morphological maturation occurred gradually during the first three weeks of postnatal life with the exception of a period of pronounced growth during the latter part of the second postnatal week.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01148306
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The morphology and distribution of peptide-containing neurons in the adult and developing visual cortex of the rat. I. Somatostatin (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 11 (1982), S. 809-824 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using conventional immunocytochemical techniques, we have examined the morphology and distribution of somatostatin-like immunoreactive neurons in the visual cortex of albino rats between the first postnatal day and maturity. In the adult, somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons were observed in layers II to VI but were concentrated in layers II and III. These cells displayed morphological features characteristic of the multipolar and bitufted varieties of cortical non-pyramidal neurons as described in Golgi preparations of rat visual cortex. On the first postnatal day and in the subsequent few days, immunoreactivity was confined to immature bipolar and multipolar neurons concentrated in layers V and VI. Labelled cells first appeared in the more superficial layers at the beginning of the second postnatal week and attained a distribution similar to that observed in adult animals at the end of this week. At this time they closely resembled their adult counterparts from which they appeared indistinguishable by the end of the third postnatal week. The late appearance of labelled cells in the superficial layers, where they are predominantly located in adult animals, suggests that the somatostatin immunoreactivity exhibited by most of these neurons develops several days after they have completed their migration and assumed their positions in the visual cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01153520
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The morphology and distribution of peptide-containing neurons in the adult and developing visual cortex of the rat. II. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 11 (1982), S. 825-837 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using immunocytochemistry, we have examined the morphology and distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive neurons in the visual cortex of albino rats whose ages were closely spaced in time between the first postnatal day and adulthood. In the adult, immunoreactive neurons were located in layers II to VI but were concentrated in layers II and III. All labelled neurons had the morphological characteristics of cortical non-pyramidal cells with the majority being of the bipolar variety as described in Golgi preparations. Some multipolar forms were also present. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactivity appeared to develop in postnatal life. Labelled cells were first seen in layers V and VI at day 4. During the subsequent few days, some labelled cells were observed in the more superficial layers and by day 8 they were predominantly present in layers II and III. Although the distribution of immunoreactive cells at this time resembled that of adult animals, their morphology displayed immature features. The size and extent of their dendritic branching appeared to increase considerably during the second and third weeks and their morphological maturation was attained by the middle of the fourth postnatal week.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01153521
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The morphology and distribution of peptide-containing neurons in the adult and developing visual cortex of the rat. IV. Avian pancreatic polypeptide (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 11 (1982), S. 985-995 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical techniques were used to investigate the morphology and distribution of avian pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactive neurons in the visual cortex of albino rats at various ages from the first postnatal day to adulthood. In the adult, immunoreactive neurons were located in layers II to VI but were somewhat concentrated in the deeper cortical layers. The overwhelming majority of labelled cells exhibited morphologies characteristic of multipolar, bitufted and bipolar varieties of non-pyramidal neurons as described in Golgi preparations of rat visual cortex. However, a few immunoreactive pyramidal neurons were also observed. On the first postnatal day, a small number of immature non-pyramidal neurons were observed in the subplate region. Labelled cells appeared in the more superficial layers at the beginning of the second postnatal week and attained a distribution similar to that observed in adult animals during the third week. The morphological maturation of immunoreactive neurons occurred gradually during the first two postnatal weeks and at day 21, they appeared qualitatively indistinguishable from their adult counterparts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01148312
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactive neurons in the primary visual cortex of the cat (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 16 (1987), S. 23-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary When cat visual cortex (area 17) is reacted with an antibody to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) a variety of neuronal types is labelled. Many of the labelled neurons are bipolar in form and are most common in layers II and III, although significant numbers of bipolar neurons are also encountered in layer V. Multipolar cells are also labelled. These are most frequent in layer IV and have a variety of shapes. In layer I, the labelled cells are of three varieties, i.e. horizontal bipolar cells, horizontal bitufted cells and multipolar neurons, while in layer VI the few VIP-positive neurons are horizontal bipolar cells. This suggests that all of the VIP-labelled neurons in cat area 17 are non-pyramidal in form, and this has been confirmed by electron microscopy. In these preparations, axon terminals are also labelled and under the light microscope it can be seen that these terminals occur both within the neuropil and around the cell bodies of some neurons, particularly neurons in layers II and III. Electron microscopy has shown that all of the labelled axon terminals form symmetric synapses and that those in the neuropil synapse with the shafts of smooth dendrites. These axodendritic synapses account for about 90% of the synapses formed by the labelled axon terminals. The remainder of the labelled axon terminals synapse with the cell bodies of pyramidal neurons. Parallels are drawn between these results and those previously obtained by examining those neuronal elements labelled with VIP antibodies in rat visual cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02456695
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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