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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Formation of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones in high-density polyethylene film irradiated with ultraviolet light (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 951-957 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Polyethylene films were irradiated in air by ultraviolet light. 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine was reacted on the irradiated films. The changes in amounts of carbonyl groups and 2,4-dinitrophenynlhydrazones formed in the films were inferred by comparing their absorptions in the infrared and ultraviolet spectra, respectively. It seems that the contents of carbonyl groups formed in the amorphous regions in the high-density polyethylene films by the irradiation were larger than the contents of carbonyl groups formed in the amorphous regions in the low-density polyethylene films. The decreases in contact angles of water on the high-density polyethylene films by the irradiation were larger than the decreases in the contact angles on the low-density polyethylene films. The amounts of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones formed in the irradiated high-density polyethylene films were less than the amounts of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones formed in the irradiated low-density polyethylene films.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070190404
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Formation of 2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazone on surface of polystyrene film irradiated with ultraviolet light. II. Regeneration of carbonyl groups and comparison with wettability (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 105-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones formed on irradiated polystyrene films were regenerated to carbonyl groups by immersing the films in levulinic acid solutions. The changes in the amount of carbonyl groups regenerated from the hydrazones were inferred by comparing the absorptions of the hydrazones at 378 mμ. The carbonyl groups were regenerated from the hydrazones with increase in regeneration times in the early stages of the regenerations and gradualy regenerated with increase in the regeneration times thereafter. The regeneration of the carbonyl groups was facilitated by raising the temperature in the levulinic acid solution, by adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the levulinic acid, or by raising the temperature in the levulinic acid solution containing hydrochloric acid. When the polystyrene films were irradiated for different periods of time, the increase in the critical surface tension of the films with increase in irradiation time showed a trend similar to the increase of amount of hydrazones formed on the surface zones with increase in irradiation time.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070170108
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Investigation of high-density polyethylene film surface treated with chromic acid mixture by use of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. II. Film surfaces treated at 70°C (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 2735-2743 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: High-density polyethylene films were treated with chromic acid mixture at 70°C. The treated films were then reacted with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine. The changes in the amounts of carbonyl groups and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones formed in the films were estimated by comparing their absorptions in the infrared and ultraviolet spectra, respectively. Scanning electron micrographs of the treated film surfaces were taken. Oxidation of the film surface zone, etching of the film surface zone, and oxidation of surface zone bared from the film inner zone seem to have occured with increase in treatment time. High-density polyethylene film surfaces were oxidized to a greater extent than low-density polyethylene film surfaces; however, the rate of etching of the low-density polyethylene film surface zone was larger than that of the high-density polyethylene film surface zone.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070211014
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Formation of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone on surface zone of polystyrene film irradiated by ultraviolet light. I. Effects on formation of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 15 (1971), S. 2115-2122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The hydrazones of the acetophenone-type 2,4-dinitrophenyihydrazone, formed by the reaction between 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and carbonyl groups, was formed on the surface zone of irradiated polystyrene film. The changes in the amount of hydrazones formed on the films were inferred by comparing the absorptions in the ultraviolet and infrared spectra. The amounts of hydrazones formed increased with increase in irradiation time within about 3 hr and approached an asymptote with increase in irradiation time upward of about 4 hr. For the samples irradiated for 6 1/2 hr, the changes in the absorptions of the hydrazones stopped in about 3 min after the films were immersed in the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine solution, the amounts of hydrazones formed increased with increase in the amount of benzene in the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine solutions, the amounts of hydrazones formed slightly increased with rising temperature below 60°C in the solutions, and the rate of increase slightly increased with rise in temperature above 60°C in the solutions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1971.070150906
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Change of polypropylene film surface by chromic acid mixture treatment (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 1593-1599 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Polypropylene films were treated with chromic acid mixture. The change in the treated films was investigated by comparing change in amount of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones formed in the treated films with their change in wettability with water. Oxidation of the film surface zone, partial breakdown of polymer in the film surface zone, and oxidation of surface zone bared from the film inner zone seemed to occur with increase in treatment time or with increase in treatment temperature.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070190610
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of molecular weight on changes produced in the surface layer of polystyrene film in a nitrogen atmosphere by ultraviolet irradiation (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 599-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The effect of molecular weight on the changes in the surface layer of polystyrene films on near-ultraviolet irradiation has been studied in a nitrogen atmosphere at 25°C. Changes produced by irradiation were followed by determining the amount of solvent-insoluble portions, the molecular weight changes, and the intrinsic viscosity changes. Most crosslinking took place in the range of the transmissible depth of 2537 Å light. Low molecular weight samples formed a small amount of solvent-insoluble material. High molecular weight samples formed a large amount of solvent-insoluble material. In the range above a certain molecular weight, the amount of solvent-insoluble material approached an asymptotic value with increasing molecular weight, because of the limited penetration of 2537 Å light. Since most crosslinking took place in the range of the transmissible depth of 2537 Å light, the average number of crosslinks in the solvent-soluble portions was influenced by the amount of solvent-insoluble material. Low molecular weight samples produced many crosslinks. High molecular weight samples produced a few crosslinks. In the range above a certain molecular weight, the average number of crosslinks in the solvent soluble portions approached an asymptote with increasing molecular weight. Chain scission seems to have occurred in every sample.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1969.070130404
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Formation of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones and regeneration of carbonyl groups in polyethylene film irradiated with ultraviolet light (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2449-2455 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine was reacted on polyethylene films irradiated in air with ultraviolet light. The changes in amount of carbonyl groups and 2,4-dinitrophenyl-hydrazones formed in the films were inferred by comparing their absorptions in the infrared and ultraviolet spectra, respectively. The amount of hydrazones formed increased with increase in the reaction time, and rates of the increase gradually decreased with increase in the reaction time. A comparison of the change in amount of hydrazones formed in the irradiated films with the change in amount of carbonyl groups formed in the irradiated films and the change in wettability with H-bonding liquids of the irradiated films showed that the amount of hydrazones formed seemed to be affected by amount of carbonyl groups in the surface zone of the film. The carbonyl groups were regenerated from the hydrazones with increase in the regeneration times, and rates of the regenerations gradually decreased with increase in the regeneration times. The regeneration was facilitated by raising the temperature in the levulinic acid solution, by adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the levulinic acid, or by raising the temperature in the levulinic acid solution containing hydrochloric acid.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1974.070180822
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Formation of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones in polyethylene film treated with chromic acid mixture (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3087-3094 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazones formed by the reaction of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine with carbonyl groups were formed in polyethylene film oxidized with chromic acid mixture. The changes in amount of the hydrazones formed in the films were inferred by comparing the absorptions in the ultraviolet spectra and compared with changes in wettability with water of the films. In the early stage of treatment with chromic acid mixture, the hydrazone amount increased and the contact angle of water decreased. After the early stage of the treatment, the hydrazone amount decreased slightly and increased again thereafter, and the contact angle of water seemed to increased slightly and decreased again thereafter. The hydrazone amount increased with increase in time of the reaction between 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and oxidized polyethylene film. For temperatures of treatment with chromic acid mixture above about 45°C, the hydrazone amount increased with rise in the treatment temperature and rate of the increase increased with rise in the treatment temperature, and the contact angle of water decreased with rise in the treatment temperature, and the rate of the decrease seemed to increased with rise in the treatment temperature.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1974.070181017
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Investigation of high-density polyethylene film surface treated with chromic acid mixture by use of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 2451-2460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: High-density polyethylene films were treated with chromic acid mixture. 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine was reacted on the treated films. The changes in amounts of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones formed in the films were inferred by comparing the absorptions in the ultraviolet spectra. The changes in the film surfaces by chromic acid mixture treatment were investigated by comparing the changes in the amount of the hydrazones with changes in water wettability of the treated films. Scanning electron micrographs of the treated film surfaces were taken. Oxidation of the film surface zone, partial breakdown of polymer in the film surface zone, and oxidation of surface zone bared from the film inner zone seem to have occurred with increase in treatment time. When the treatment temperature was raised, the increase in carbonyl groups in the surface of the high-density polyethylene film with rise in treatment temperature seems to have been prevented by an increase in partial breakdown of polymer in the film surface.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200914
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