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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GENETIC, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND MATURITY EFFECTS ON PECAN KERNEL LIPID, FATTY ACID, TOCOPHEROL, AND PROTEIN COMPOSITION (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food quality 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4557
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Concentrations of kernel oil, fatty acids, protein, and tocopherols were analyzed in 70 cultivars and selections to assess genetic, environmental, and maturity effects on composition. The most abundant fatty acids in pecan kernels were oleic 〉 linoleic 〉 palmitic 〉 stearic 〉 linolenic, and their concentrations varied with genotype, maturity, and year of production. The concentration of oil and protein in individual lines ranged from 60 to 76% and 7 to 17%, respectively. The lipid composition of 8 individual cultivars varied substantially due to production year, with the degree of variation being cultivar dependent. An inverse linear relationship was found between the concentration of oleic and linoleic acids. During maturation, there was a general decline in linoleic acid with a commensurate increase in oleic, yielding a progressively more mono-unsaturated oil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.1992.tb00991.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SWEET POTATO FLAVOR: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF OPTIMUM SWEETNESS (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food quality 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4557
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Information on the preferred sugar content would be invaluable in defining flavor criteria and goals for sweet potato breeding programs. By using a sweet potato breeding line that was essentially nonsweet and adding known levels of individual sugars to a puree produced from its baked roots, a quantitative and qualitative assessment of optimum sweetness was made. Panelists were able to distinguish sweetness level in 2.5% increments of added maltose between 10 and 25%. When individual sugars were compared at the same level of sweetness [sucrose equivalents (SE)], panelists consistently ranked the sugars in the following order of preference: maltose 〉 sucrose 〉 fructose. When purees with the same concentration of added maltose or fructose were compared, optimum sweetness for maltose was approximately 21 SE while fructose was 38 SE. Higher levels were considered excessively sweet, thus it is theoretically possible to select sweet potato lines that are too sweet. While lines could be selected for high levels of sucrose and/or fructose. starch hydrolysis and maltose formation appear to be important in sweet potato flavor quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.1991.tb00065.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHEMICAL CHANGES IN PECAN OILS DURING OXIDATION (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food quality 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4557
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Chemical changes that occur during oxidation of pecan oils were investigated. During oxidation, the tocopherol concentration of the oils decreased and the oils discolored, changing from yellow to reddish and eventually becoming colorless. Changes in color were followed by a rapid increase in rancidity products and a corresponding decrease in linoleic acid concentration. Introduction of exogenous β-carotene into decolorized pecan oil increased oxidative stability. Addition of the autioxidant tocopherol to the oil increased oxidative stability by a significant amount over that of β-carotene. Keeping time of pecan oils could be increased by 50% with the addition of 800 μg-tocopherol gm-1 oil. Linoleic acid concentration appears to be the primary endogenous factor in the degradation of pecan oils after harvest. Endogenous tocopherol concentrations in pecan kernels were low and not closely related to the potential keeping time of the oil.The results suggest that the oxidative stability of pecan kernels may be proportional to the percent linoleic acid in the oil. Percent oleic and linoleic acid, tocopherol content, and keeping time were determined for 70 cultivars and unnamed selections of pecans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.1992.tb00992.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ALTERATION OF PECAN KERNEL COLOR (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 42 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A study was undertaken to isolate and identify the major pigment molecule of pecan. During the isolation process, the dependence of pH on the visual expression of one or more of the major groups of pigments was noted. Based on these observations, a study was undertaken to test the feasibility of enhancing the color of dark pecans, which are otherwise of high quality, thus increasing their market value. Results indicate acidification of pecan kernels with dilute acid solutions significantly lightens kernel color. Phosphoric acid proved the most effective color lightener without detectable effect on flavor. Treatment of pecans with dilute solutions of citric acid enhanced the color rating but affected taste. Treatment with dilute solutions of HCl resulted in some lightening of the kernels but response was variable. The degree of alternation of pecan kernel color by ammonia and SO2 gases was in part dependent upon the degree of hydration of the kernels. SO2 decreased the degree of darkness of both kernels of normal coloration and kernels that had been damaged previously by ammonia vapors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1977.tb12650.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of photosynthesis by ethylene (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 285 (1980), S. 51-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Net photosynthesis, dark respiration and CO2 compensation were measured on fully expanded leaves of 3-week-old plants of Arachis hypogaea L. cultivar Florunner. We used a semiclosed compensating system in which the amount of carbon dioxide supplied to maintain CO2 at a given concentration was ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/285051a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding by adult sweet potato weevils, Cylas formicarius elegantulus, on sweet potato leaves (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 48 (1988), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: sweet potato weevil ; Cylas formicarius elegantulus ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; sweet potato ; Ipomoea batatas ; feeding ; host-plant preference ; leaf surface chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude a porté sur la consommation pendant 12 h, en boîtes de Pétri de diamètre 9 cm, de rondelles de 2 cm de diamètre de feuilles de 4 cultivars,—Centennial, Jewel, Resisto, Regal—, d'I. batatas par C. formicarius elegantulus. Les charançons ont consommé le long des nervures, préférant la face inférieure à la face supérieure des feuilles. Un index de consommation a été calculé en fonction de la longueur de nervure ayant servi à la consommation, rapportée à la longueur totale des nervures de la surface exposée. Les niveaux de consommation des mâles et des femelles étaient semblables. En présence de choix binaires, le cultivar Centennial a été le plus consommé, et le cultivar Resisto, le moins, par les femelles. De telles préférences n'ont pas été observées en l'absence de choix. La composition chimique de la surface de la feuille a été analysée par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. 8 pics principaux identiques ont été observés chez les 4 cultivars, mais ils avaient différentes hauteurs.
    Notes: Abstract A bioassay was developed to quantify the feeding of adult sweet potato weevils, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers) (Coleoptera; Curculionidae) on the foliage of four cultivars (Centennial, Jewel, Resisto and Regal) of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) (Convolvulaceae). Weevils fed along the leaf veins, preferring the lower to the upper leaf surface. Males and females had similar levels of feeding. Different levels of feeding by female weevils were observed between cultivars in dual-choice bioassays with Centennial, a susceptible cultivar in field-plot experiments, being most preferred and Resisto least preferred. However, these feeding differences were not observed in no-choice bioassays. Little difference was observed in the leaf surface chemistry of the four cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00185628
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of an oviposition stimulant from the surface of sweet potato Ipomoea batatas storage roots for the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 51 (1989), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers) ; oviposition stimulant ; laboratory bioassay ; Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. ; triterpenoid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La caractérisation des substances extraites de la surface des racines tubéreuses d'I. batatas Lam et stimulant la ponte de C. formicarious elegantulus Summers, a été effectuée à partir d'une technique améliorée. Différents substrats ont été essayés: extraits au chlorure de méthylène ou péridermes intacts de cultivars résistants ou sensibles, racines tubéreuses après élimination du périderme, morceaux de Solanum tuberosum ou de papier filtre présentés au milieu de plaques à 24 plots pour culture de tissus. Le meilleur substrat s'est révélé être de petits disques de papier filtre (diamètre 0,4 cm), fixés au milieu d'un morceau de racine avec encore un peu de périderme sur lequel le coléoptère pouvait pondre. Cette méthode a été utilisée dans les tests ultérieurs pour caractériser la nature du stimulant. Des disques de papier filtre inhibés d'extraits au chlorure de méthylène du contenu des structures superficielles de racines tubéreuses de cultivars sensibles induisent une ponte significativement plus importante (p〈0,05) sur les morceaux de racines par comparaison avec ceux traités au chlorure de méthylène pur. Une ponte significativement plus importante a aussi été obtenue avec des fractions non-polaires, particulièrement celles qui contiennent un triterpènoïde de cultivars dont l'identification a été tentée.
    Notes: Abstract An improved laboratory bioassay was used to characterize an oviposition stimulant from the surface of sweet potato Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. storage roots for the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers). Filter paper discs impregnated with a methylene chloride surface extract of sweet potato storage roots induced significantly (p〈0.05) higher oviposition on root cores than those treated with solvent only. Significantly higher oviposition was also observed in the nonpolar fractions, especially one that contains a tentatively identified triterpenoid present in susceptible cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343445
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding and oviposition preferences of the Sweet Potato Weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus, on the outer periderm and exposed inner core of storage roots of selected Sweet Potato cultivars (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 45 (1987), S. 271-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Sweet potato weevil ; Cylas formicarius elegantulus ; feeding ; oviposition ; host-plant preference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des coeurs de racines tubéreuses d'I. batatas ont été proposés, soit avec leur périderme externe, soit avec la partie interne du coeur seule, à des femelles du charançon, C. formicarius elegantulus Summers, dans des cages pour expériences sur le choix. Les coeurs étaient prélevés à l'emportepièce pour liège dans des racines stockées et, après tirage au hasard, les expériences ont été distribuées dans des plaques à 24 puits pour cultures de tissus. L'alimentation des charançons de différents âges était constante du 21ème au 47ème jour après l'émergence, tandis que la ponte était maximale entre les 25ème et 45ème jours. Des différences quantitives quant à l'alimentation et à la ponte ont été observées avec les péridermes de 4 cultivars: Centennial, Jewel, Resisto et Regal; ces différences n'étaient pas nettes pour les parties profondes du coeur. La ponte était réduite à un niveau bas avec la partie interne du coeur; il semble ainsi qu'un stimulant de la ponte soit contenu dans de périderme de la racine. L'alimentation s'est effectuée sur la partie centrale du coeur, mais moins que sur le périderme, quand les deux étaient disponibles dans des expériences de choix. La ponte paraît un meilleur critère que l'alimentation, pour comparer les résistance variétales. La partie intérieure du coeur peut être utilisée pour connaître le stimulant le stimulant de la ponte de C. formicarius elegantulus.
    Notes: Abstract Cores from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) storage roots, with either the outer periderm or inner core exposed, were presented to female sweet potato weevils, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in cage preference tests. Tests with weevils of different ages showed that feeding was constant 21 to 76 days after emergence, while oviposition showed a slight peak between 21 and 45 days. Differences in the levels of feeding and oviposition were noted for the periderms of four sweet potato cultivars, but these differences were not evident for the inner cores. Oviposition was reduced to low levels on the inner core and, therefore, the oviposition stimulant appears to reside in the root periderm. Feeding did occur on the inner cores, but at a reduced level compared to the root periderm in preference tests where both were available. Inner root cores have a potential use in the elucidation of the oviposition stimulant of the sweet potato weevil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343589
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethylene in relation to the response of roots to physical impedance (1974)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 40 (1974), S. 565-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary When the axial growth of bean roots (Vicia faba, L., variety Broad Windsor) was impeded by a barrier, the rate of ethylene evolution increased by as much as six times that of unimpeded controls. This high rate was maintained for at least 30 hours. When the barrier was removed, the rate of ethylene evolution decreased to near the rate of control roots. Exogenous applications of very low concentrations were inhibitory. Exogenous ethylene also resulted in an increase in radial diameter. These results indicate that ethylene evolved by bean roots in response to high mechanical resistance may act as an endogenous growth regulator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00010513
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