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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell division factors (cytokinins) from irradiated plant tissue (1978)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 271 (1978), S. 449-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Tobacco callus cytokinin bioassay of paper chromato-graphic /?f zones from extracts (140 g equiv. fresh weight) of irradiated (1-2 krad) (a) and nonirradiated (b) Haworthia tissue. Tissue (0.4 kg) was blended in a Waring blender with sufficient cold absolute ethanol to obtain a final ethanol ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/271449a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strawberry resistance toTetranychus urticae Koch: Effects of flower, fruit, and foliage removal—comparisons of air- vs. nitrogen-entrained volatile compounds (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 15 (1989), S. 1465-1473 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Tetranychus urticae ; two-spotted spider mite ; Acari ; Tetranychidae ; strawberry resistance ; metabolic sink removal ; volatile foliage compounds ; headspace entrainment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An increase in resistance to the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM),Tetranychus urticae Koch, is observed in field-grown strawberry plants during the period from flowering to postharvest. This seasonal phenomenon was investigated to determine the influence of the metabolic sink, that is, fruiting in the plant. Removal of flowers and fruit and partial removal of foliage did not alter the pattern of resistance of the strawberry plant to TSSM. Bioassays were conducted in concert with chemical analyses. Headspace chemicals emitted from foliage samples were entrained in air and trapped on Tenax, identified, and compared with those entrained in nitrogen and trapped. Terpenes were among the major compounds entrained in air, whereas alcohols were obtained with nitrogen. The air-entrained headspace compounds did not appear to correlate quantitatively with the development of mite resistance in the control plants or those subjected to metabolic sink (flower and fruit) removal. Evidence was obtained for the presence of heretofore unreported strawberry foliage headspace components, namely, (Z)-3-hexenyl 2-meth-ylbutyrate, (Z)-3-hexenyl tiglate, (E)-β-ocimene, (Z)-β-ocimene, α-farnesene, and germacrene D.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012376
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of some natural volatile compounds on the pathogenic fungiAlternaria alternata andBotrytis cinerea (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 1083-1091 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Headspace ; aldehydes ; E-2-hexenal ; monoterpenes ; lipoxygenase ; spores ; hyphae ; wounding ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Alternaria alternata ; Botrytis cinerea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A bioassay system was developed to test the effects of volatile compounds on the growth of hyphae from germinating fungal spores. Volatiles from crushed tomato leaves inhibited hyphal growth of two fungal pathogens,Alternaria alternata andBotrytis cinerea. Aldehydes, including C6 and C9 compounds formed by the lipoxygenase enzyme pathway upon wounding leaves, inhibited growth of both fungal species. Terpene hydrocarbons, 2-carene and limonene, had no significant effect on hyphal growth. The quantities of volatile compounds in the vapor phase of the bioassay system were measured by direct headspace sampling and GC analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00980064
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior ofTetranychus urticae toward essential oil mixtures from strawberry foliage (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 2 (1976), S. 221-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: strawberry resistance ; Tetranychus urticae ; essential oils ; mite behavior ; feeding attractants/deterrents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A standard essential oil mixture (SEOM) was formulated containing volatile compounds in the relative proportions found in the essential oil of the foliage of “Citation,” a strawberry cultivar relatively resistant toTetranychus urticae. Other mixtures contained varied levels, relative to the SEOM, oftrans-2-hexen-1-ol, nonanal, α-terpineol, and methyl salicylate. The behavior ofT. urticae females in response to these mixtures at several concentrations in propylene glycol was studied in choice tube (preference) tests. Feeding effects were measured by incorporating the mixtures and individual components into sucrose with32P. In the choice tube tests, mites were generally attracted by mixtures at concentrations of 0.1% or below unless the level of methyl salicylate was below 0.5 × that in the SEOM, or the level of nonanal was above that of the SEOM. When mixtures were incorporated into food, methyl-salicylate-stimulated feeding and nonanal levels were inversely related to the amount of food ingested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987745
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strawberry foliage headspace vapor components at periods of susceptibility and resistance toTetranychus urticae Koch (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 789-796 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Fragaria ananassa ; two-spotted spider mite ; Tetranychus urticae ; Acari ; Tetranychidae ; headspace compounds ; methyl salicylate ; seasonal resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Headspace components from strawberry foliage have been isolated by nitrogen entrainment and Tenax trapping. Traps were eluted with hexane, and components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fifteen compounds were identified by comparison with authentic standards,trans-2-hexenal, 1-hexanol,trans-2-hexen-1-ol,cis-3-hexen-1-ol, hexyl acetate,cis-3-hexenyl acetate, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol, 1-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, linalool, α-terpineol, methyl salicylate, ethyl saiicylate, benzyl alcohol, and 2-phenylethanol. The relative amounts of these components were compared at flowering and after fruit harvest when plants were more resistant to the two-spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae Koch. The predominant components,cis-3-hexen-1-ol and its acetate, did not change markedly between the sampling periods, but methyl salicylate increased approximately 10-fold after fruit harvest. Methyl salicylate at low concentrations under bioassay conditions did not affect mite behavior. The biosynthetic relationship of this compound to other phenols which have been implicated in plant resistance is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01018773
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of some leaf-emitted volatile compounds on aphid population increase (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 1875-1887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aldehydes ; alcohols ; fatty acids ; lipids ; lipoxygenase ; pest defense
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A role of some volatile compounds produced by plant tissues may be as defensive molecules against various pests, including arthropods. Volatile six-carbon compounds derived in plant tissue from polyunsaturated fatty acids via lipoxygenase/hydroperoxide lyase reduced tobacco aphid fecundity at certain concentrations when added to headspace vapor to which aphids were exposed. Both C6 aldehydes and alcohols were effective, with the alcohols having greater activity. (Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate at levels in the headspace similar to those of the alcohols and aldehydes did not reduce aphid fecundity. A 6-hr exposure period to the C6 aldehydes and alcohols was needed for maximum effect on the aphids feeding on tobacco leaves. Analysis of the direct versus indirect effects of these compounds indicates that the volatile aldehydes had both direct effects on aphid fecundity and indirect effects due to induced changes in the leaves upon which the aphids were feeding, while only indirect effects were observed for the alcohols. Tomato leaves have the capacity to produce volatile compounds at levels that impact aphid population increase, with the volatiles produced from crushed leaves having a much larger effect. The C6 aldehydes and alcohols may be components of the fecundity reduction seen with tomato volatiles; however, volatile terpenes showed no effect. These results can be of significance for the genetic alteration of plants for improved aphid resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00983793
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mass spectra of some triterpenoid dehydration products (1969)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 2 (1969), S. 175-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass spectra of ten dehydration and solvolysis products obtained from β-amyrin and glycyrrhetic acid were studied. With the exception of those resulting from ‘backbone’ rearrangement, they exhibited conventional fragmentation due to the ring C chromophore, like the parent alcohols. Only those products with a contracted ring A suffered loss of an isopropyl radical. In the latter type, special fragmentation features were exhibited by the isopropylcyclopentene and by the isopropylidene products. These differences enabled the assignment of probable structures for two unknown derivatives.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210020204
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