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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 73 (1987), S. 349-356 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blood-brain barrier ; Cortex ; Lanthanum tracer ; Potassium ; Ion-selective micro-electrode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using lanthanum nitrate as a tracer, the permeability of rat cortical blood vessels was investigated during regional hypothermia of the cerebral cortex by electron microscopy. The concentration of K+ ions in the extracellular space of the cortex was determined using an ion-selective micro-electrode. Only at temperatures below about 7°C was an extravasation of tracer observed in a number of cortical capillaries and arterioles, where some of the tight junctions became widened and permeable. In a few cases penetration of the tracer into vacuoles of phagocytosing pericytes or macrophages was found. The extravasation of the tracer could mainly be observed in vessels on and below the cortical surface, less often in deeper cortical parts. At the same degree of hypothermia, the K+ concentration in the extracellular space increased, reaching a maximal value of ca. 6 mmol/l at a depth of about 200 μm. As could be shown in one previous experiment, the K+ concentration reached normal values again after rewarming to 37°C for 15 min, but an extravasation of the tracer was still observed. The role of the endothelial tight junctions and of the astrocytes together with the pericytes (or macrophages) is discussed regarding their importance for the effectiveness of the blood-brain barrier system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 692-697 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Kidney ; Urine concentration ; Volume regulation ; Potassium ; Bicarbonate ; Aldosterone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cells of the renal medulla regulate their volume by transmembrane ion movements when exposed to large changes in osmolality. Since renal cells in culture release KHCO3 in response to hypotonic stress [11], we investigated the effect of an acute water load on urinary KHCO3 excretion in 5 healthy individuals. Water diuresis was induced by the ingestion of 1.51 hypoosmolal fluid (22 mosm/kg H2O) over 15 min. The rate of urinary volume excretion increased from an initial value of 1.4 ml/min to 9.3 ml/min after 75 min. Urinary osmolality dropped from an initial value of 940±32 mosm/kg H2O to 74±4 mosm/kg H2O (n = 5). The decrease of osmolality was accompanied by the transient release of potassium and bicarbonate. Peak values of KHCO3 excretion were observed between 30 and 45 min after the onset of the experiment corresponding to the drop of urinary osmolality. The magnitude of renal potassium release correlated significantly (r=0.93; P 〈 0.05) with endogenous plasma aldosterone concentrations measured prior to the experiment in the 5 volunteers. We conclude that medullary epithelial cells release KHCO3 when exposed to hypotonic stress. The volume regulatory response is upregulated by aldosterone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1612-4766
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die relative Populationsdynamik der mit Sesam assozüerten Zwergzikaden wurde mit beleimten Gelbtafeln und einer stationären Johnson-Taylor-Saugfalle an der südöstlichen Mittelmeerküste der Türkei untersucht. Beim Vergleich beider Methoden zeigten sich deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Fallentypen. In der Saugfalle konnten 32 Zwergzikadenarten erfaßt werden, während dies auf den Gelbtafeln nur 18 Arten waren. Die meisten Zwergzikadenarten zeigten auf den Gelbtafeln ein stark in Richtung der Männchen verschobenes Geschlechterverhältnis, was eine erhöhte Flugaktivität der Männchen während des Tageslichts vermuten läßt. Auch der Verlauf der saisonalen Flugaktivität war für die meisten Zwergzikadenarten zwischen den beiden Fallentypen sehr unterschiedlich, und es konnten zwischen Saug- und Gelbfalle keine deutlichen Korrelationen hergestellt werden. Nur für die beiden zusammen erfaßten ArtenAsymmetrasca decedens (Paoli) undEmpoasca decipiens Paoli wurde ein enger Zusammenhang zwischen der mit der Saugfalle und den gelben Leimtafeln erfaßten relativen Populationsdynamik festgestellt. Wichtige Vektorenarten unter den Zwergzikaden, z. B.Circulifer haematoceps (Mulsant et Rey) undOrosius orientalis (Matsumura) waren auf den Gelbtafeln besser repräsentiert als in der Saugfalle.
    Notes: Abstract Yellow sticky-traps and a modified Johnson-Taylor suction-trap were used to index the relative population dynamic of leafhoppers associated with sesame in the east Mediterranean region of Turkey. Comparison of the obtained results signified important differences between both traps. 32 leafhoppers species were caught in the suction-trap while only 18 species were determined on yellow sticky-traps. For most of the leafhopper species, relatively more males were determined on the yellow-traps than in the suction-trap, indicating a higher activity of male leafhoppers during daytime hours. A close relationship between the seasonal flight pattern as indexed by sticky-traps and by suction-trap was only observed forAsymmetrasca decedens (Paoli) andEmpoasca decipiens Paoli. For most other leafhopper species no or only a very poor correlation for the relative population dynamic was determined between both traps. Important leafhopper vector species, e.g.,Circulifer haematoceps (Mulsant et Rey) andOrosius orientalis (Matsumura) were better represented in yellow sticky-trap catches than they were in the suction trap.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 416 (1990), S. 526-532 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Aldosterone ; MDCK cells ; Dome formation ; Differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Vectorial transport of salt and water in the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line is indicated by the formation of domes when a monolayer is grown on an impermeable support. We investigated aldosterone-induced dome formation and evaluated the dome as an experimental model. Transepithelial dome resistance was about 80 Ωcm2 and constant when dome size exceeded 2 · 10−4 cm2. The relative ion conductances (expressed as transference numbers) across the dome epithelium were t Na∶t Cl∶t K= 0.64∶0.24∶0.06. They reflect the permeability properties of the paracellular shunt pathway tested at physiological concentrations of the individual ions. Aldosterone accelerated dome formation in serum-deprived MDCK monolayers. Prostaglandin E1 and transferrin were supportive but not essential for aldosterone-induced dome formation. After 72 h dome density was equal in monolayers cultured in serum-supplemented medium either in the presence or absence of mineralocorticoids. We conclude that aldosterone induces cell polarization in MDCK monolayers, leading to the formation of domes. The dome epithelium appears to be electrically isolated from the adjacent monolayer and can be studied by microelectrode techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 416 (1990), S. 533-539 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: MDCK-cells ; Aldosterone ; Na+/H+ exchange ; Cl−/HCO 3 − exchange ; Intercalated cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experiments in dome epithelium of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were performed to elucidate aldosterone action on acid-base transport. By means of pH-sensitive microelectrodes the pH of the dome fluid was measured while the apical plasma membrane was superfused. In the absence of HCO 3 − the dome fluid (facing the basolateral cell membrane) alkalinized in response to 10−7 mol/l aldosterone. Amiloride (10−3 mol/l) inhibited dome formation and pH recovery of the dome fluid from an extracellular acid load. In the presence of HCO 3 − dome fluid acidified in response to aldosterone. The stilbene derivative diisothiocyanate-stilbene-2,2′-disulphonic acid (DIDS) or removal of Cl− from the apical perfusate inhibited this dome acidification. In aldosterone-depleted MDCK monolayers HCO 3 − was actively accumulated in the dome fluid in contrast to aldosterone-supplemented cells. The results indicate that aldosterone stimulates both amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ exchange and DIDS-sensitive Cl−/HCO 3 − exchange in the apical cell membrane of MDCK cells. In the absence of aldosterone the HCO 3 − extrusion process is localized in the basolateral membrane in series with apical Na+/H+ exchange, while in the presence of aldosterone Cl−/HCO 3 − is mainly localized in the apical membrane in parallel with Na+/H+ exchange. Cl− exits the cell through apical Cl− channels and is absorbed via the paracellular route.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: kidney ; collecting duct urine ; vasa recta blood ; acidic pH ; antidiuresis ; furosemide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reevaluated the pH in the renal medulla in rats. pH of the vasa recta blood was about 1 pH unit acidic in comparison to the pH of renal artery blood. During furosemideinduced diuresis pH of vasa recta blood increased whereas pH of collecting duct urine further decreased. The acidic pH in the rat renal inner medulla during antidiuresis raises important questions about the source of H+ in inner medulla.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: biological control ; Parabemisia myricae ; Eretmocerus debachi ; Citrus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'aleurodeParabemisia myricae (Kuwana) est l'un des plus sérieux ravageurs des vergers de citrus dans la région métiterranéenne de l'est de la Turquie. En 1986, un parasitoïde spécifique deP. myricae, l'aphelinideEretmocerus debachi Rose et Rosen, était introduit de Californie en Turquie et lâché dans les vergers de Citrus le long de la côte méditerranéenne orientale. Au cours des années suivantes, les populations deP. myricae étaient rapidement tombées d'environ 17 aleurodes au stade immature par feuille à moins de 0,1 par feuille dans tous les vergers de citrus où les parasitoïdes ont été lâchés. De plus,E. debachi a montré une bonne capacité de dispersion et s'est bien adapté aux conditions climatiques de la région orientale. Depuis l'installation réussie deE. debachi, l'aleurode n'est plus un ravageur dangereux et il est difficile de trouver des individus non parasités dans la région méditerranéenne de l'est de la Turquie.
    Notes: Abstract The whitefly,Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) is one of the most serious citrus pests in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. In 1986, a host-specific parasitoid ofP. myricae, the aphelinidEretmocerus debachi Rose and Rosen, was imported from California to Turkey and released into citrus orchards along the Eastern Mediterranean coast. In the following yearsP. myricae-populations were rapidly reduced from about 17 whitefly-immature stages per leaf to less than 0.1 stages per leaf in all citrus orchards where the parasitoids were released. Furthermore,E. debachi was shown to be a good disperser and it is well adapted to the climatic conditions in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Since the successful colonization ofE. debachi, the whitefly is no longer a serious pest and it is difficult to find unparasitized individuals in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1612-4766
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Weiße Fliege,Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) (Hom.: Aleyrodidae), stellt seit ihrer Verschleppung in die Zitrusanbaugebiete an der Südost-Mittelmeerküste der Türkei im Jahre 1982 eines der größten Probleme im dortigen Zitrusanbau dar. Zu ihrer biologischen Bekämpfung wurde im Jahre 1986 der spezifische Parasitoid,Eretmocerus debachi Rose und Rosen (Hym.: Aphelinidae) aus Kalifornien in die Türkei eingeführt. Der Parasitoid konnte sich nach Massenfreilassungen im gesamten Gebiet sehr gut einbürgern. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde die Wirksamkeit vonE. debachi gegenüberP. myricae in zweijährigen Versuchen in natürlich befallenen Zitrusanlagen und auf künstlich infizierten und exponierten Zitrusjungpflanzen erfaßt. Innerhalb von zwei Wochen konnten auf den exponierten Zitrusjungpflanzen die ersten Parasitoiden festgestellt werden, wobei bis zu 10% derP. myricae-Nymphen und Puparien durchE. debachi parasitiert waren. In beiden Versuchsjahren und an allen 4 Standorten baute sich im weiteren Verlauf der Vegetation keine weitere Weiße-Fliegen-Population auf den Zitrusjungpflanzen auf. Die Populationsdichte vonP. myricae war auf den natürlichen befallenen Zitrusbäumen sehr viel geringer als auf den exponierten und künstlich infizierten Pflanzen. Dennoch traten mit den erstenP. myricae auch sofort durchE. debachi parasitierte Individuen auf. Die Parasitierungsrate erreichte teilweise 100%, so daß die Schädlingspopulation sehr schnell im weiteren Vegetationsverlauf abnahm und es zu keiner erneuten Gradation kam. Selbst auf sehr geringe Dichteerhöhungen derP. myricae-Population reagierte der Parasitoid mit einer erhöhten Parasitierung. Die Untersuchungen zeigten deutlich, daßE. debachi in der Lage ist, sowohl sehr hohe als auch sehr niedrige Populationen der Weißen Fliege in hohem Maße zu parasitieren und dadurch den Schädling erfolgreich zu bekämpfen.
    Notes: Abstract The whitefly,Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) (Hym.: Aleyrodidae) is a most serious problem in citrus since it was accidentally introduced into the Southeast Mediterranean region of Turkey in 1982. To control this pest biologically, the specific parasitoid,Eretmocerus debachi Rose and Rosen (Hym.: Aphelinidae), was imported from California to Turkey in 1986. The parasitoid settled very well after being mass released in the entire citrus growing area. In the present study the efficiencyE. debachi in controllingP. myricae was determined in naturally infested citrus orchards and on potted, artificially infested and exposed citrus seedlings over two years. Within two weeks, the first parasitods were determined on the exposed citrus seedlings at which 10% of theP. myricae-nymphal and-puparial stages were parasitized. In both years and at all four experimental sites no further population increase of the whitefly was observed on the citrus seedling over the entire vegetation period. TheP. myricae-densities were much lower on the naturally infested trees than they were on the exposed and artificially infested citrus seedlings. Nevertheless, the firstE. debachi were observed with the occurrence of the firstP. myricae. The parasitization rate reached sometimes up to 100%, so that the pest population decreased significantly in the following month to almost zero level. Even to smallest population increases ofP. myricae, the parasitoid reacted with increasing parasitization. The experiments proved, thatE. debachi was capable to parasitize high and low population densities of the whitefly completely and in consequence successfully controlled the pest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 164 (1995), S. 164-171 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We isolated two cell clones from the wild-type Madin-Darby canine kidney cell line (MDCK) that resembles renal collecting duct epithelium. Morphology and karyotypes of the two cell clones were evaluated. The MDCK-C7 cell clone morphologically resembles principal cells (polygonal cell shape, flat), while the MDCK-C11 clone resembles intercalated cells (cuboidal cell shape, high). The diploid chromosome number of MDCK-C7 cells is 83.1 ± 0.2 (n = 139); that for MDCK-C11 cells is 78.8 ± 0.1 (n = 128). Culture of MDCK-C7 cells in alkaline medium (pH 7.7) induced irreversible phenotypical and genotypical alterations. transformed MDCK-C7F cells are characterized by two abnormal (biarmed) chromosomes. In contrast, MDCK-C11 cells are not phenotypically altered by alkaline stress. In order to elucidate the role of intracellular pH (pHi) in the transformation process, we measured pHi under control conditions (pH 7.4). after 5 min exposure to alkaline stress (“acute experiment,” pH 7.7) and after incubation of the cells in alkaline medium for two weeks (“chronic experiment,” pH 7.7). Under control conditions, MDCK-C7 cells maintained pHi at 7.14 ± 0.01 (n = 154) and MDCK-C11 cells at 7.01 ± 0.01 (n = 147). Acute alkaline stress increased pHi of both cell types to similar steady-state values. Under chronic alkaline stress, MDCK-C7 cells were unable to maintain intracellular pH within normal limits exhibiting sustained alkalinization, whereas MDCK-C11 cells could successfully regulate pHi. We conclude that wild-type MDCK cells consist of two genetically distinct subpopulations with different morphology and function. Only the MDCK-C7 clone that resembles the principle cell type of renal collecting duct can be transformed by alkaline stress while the MDCK-C11 clone resists this treatment, due to efficient pHi control mechanisms. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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