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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corticosterone stimulates the development of preoptic catecholamine neurons in tadpoles Bufo bufo japonicus (1984)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 170 (1984), S. 113-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Preoptic recess organ ; Development of catecholamine neuron ; Corticosterone ; Histofluorescence ; Tadpole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In Bufo bufo japonicus catecholamine neurons in the preoptic recess organ (PRO) became detectable at the metamorphic climax by formaldehyde-induced fluorescence (Falck-Hillarp technique). In hypophysectomized tadpoles metamorphosis was inhibited and no fluorescent neurons appeared in the PRO. Implantation of a pituitary graft to the hypophysectomized tadpoles induced metamorphosis and development of PRO catecholamine neurons. Administration of corticosterone to hypophysectomized tadpoles resulted in the development of PRO catecholamine neurons in spite of the unmetamorphosed state. On the other hand, prolactin administration had no effect on the PRO neurons of hypophysectomized tadpoles. From these results, in conjunction with our previous results indicating that thyroxine treatment induces development of the PRO catecholamine neurons in thyroidectomized animals but not in hypophysectomized animals, it is concluded that corticosterone is a primary hormone for the development of PRO catecholamine neurons in toad tadpoles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318994
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mice lacking bombesin receptor subtype-3 develop metabolic defects and obesity (1997)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 390 (1997), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Mammalian bombesin-like peptides are widely distributed in the central nervous system as well as in the gastrointestinal tract, where they modulate smooth-muscle contraction, exocrine and endocrine processes, metabolism and behaviour. They bind to G-protein-coupled receptors on the cell surface ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/36568
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction from posterior hypothalamus is essential for the development of the pituitary proopiomelacortin (POMC) cells of the toad (Bufo japonicus) (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Amphibia ; Development ; Hypothalamus ; Pituitary ; Proopiomelanocortin ; Toad ; Bufo japonicus (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The role of the posterior hypothalamus in the development of the epithelial hypophysis was studied in Bufo embryos. In animals from which the central part of the neural plate (NP) had been surgically removed at the open neurula stage, the infundibulum did not develop, and the epithelial hypophysis was formed away from the normal site without morphological connection with the brain. Immunoreactive MSH cells and ACTH cells, i.e., the pituitary POMC cells, were not detected in any of the surgically treated animals, while other types of secretory cells (PRL, GH, TSH and GTH cells) were invariably present. In view of the fact that POMC cells originate in the anterior neural ridge, and not in the neural plate, the embryonic brain seems to exert an inductive influence upon the primordial pituitary POMC cells. Since these cells differentiate in a tail graft, isolated from the brain at a later stage (tail-bud stage), the inductive stimuli must be conveyed from/via the posterior hypothalamus to the pituitary anlage between the open neu-rula and the tail-bud stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050278
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction from posterior hypothalamus is essential for the development of the pituitary proopiomelacortin (POMC) cells of the toad (Bufo japonicus) (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Amphibia ; Development ; Hypothalamus ; Pituitary ; Proopiomelanocortin ; Toad, Bufo japonicus (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The role of the posterior hypothalamus in the development of the epithelial hypophysis was studied in Bufo embryos. In animals from which the central part of the neural plate (NP) had been surgically removed at the open neurula stage, the infundibulum did not develop, and the epithelial hypophysis was formed away from the normal site without morphological connection with the brain. Immunoreactive MSH cells and ACTH cells, i.e, the pituitary POMC cells, were not detected in any of the surgically treated animals while other types of secretory cells (PRL, GH, TSH and GTH cells) were invariably present. In view of the fact that POMC cells originate in the anterior neural ridge, and not in the neural plate, the embryonic brain seems to exert an inductive influence upon the primordial pituitary POMC cells. Since these cells differentiate in a tail graft, isolated from the brain at a later stage (tail-bud stage), the inductive stimuli must be conveyed from/via the posterior hypothalamus to the pituitary anlage between the open neurula and the tail-bud stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318479
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The origin of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons in newts (Cynops pyrrhogaster): the effect of olfactory placode ablation (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 21-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LHRH-containing neurons ; Olfactory placode, origin ; Terminal nerve ; Development ; Cynops pyrrhogaster (Urodela)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurons containing luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) are first detected in newt embryos (Cynops pyrrhogaster) in the olfactory epithelium and ventromedial portion of the olfactory nerve, after which they sequentially appear in the intracerebral course of the terminal nerve at prometamorphosis, and in the septo-preoptic area at postmetamorphosis. In adults, however, LHRH-immunoreactive cells are rarely seen in the nasal region, and their distribution shifts into the brain, suggesting their migration. In order to ascertain the origin and possible migration route of these neurons in newt larvae, the effect of unilateral or bilateral olfactory placodectomy on the LHRH neuronal system has been studied. Removal of the olfactory placode results in the absence of LHRH-immunoreactive cells in the nasal and brain regions of the operated side, whereas the subsequent growth and the LHRH-immunoreactive cellular distribution in the contralateral side are identical to those of normal larvae. Following bilateral placodectomy, no LHRH immunoreactivity is detected on either side of the olfactory-brain axis. These results suggest that LHRH neurons of the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster, originate in the olfactory placode and then migrate into the brain during embryonic development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384722
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The alpha-subunit of glycoprotein hormones exists in the prolactin secretory granules of the bullforg (Rana catesbeiana) pituitary gland (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 267 (1992), S. 223-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: α-Subunit ; Pituitary glycoprotein hormone ; PRL cell ; Pars distalis ; Colocalization ; Immunocytochemistry ; Bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Our recent finding that the number of immunoreactive α-subunit cells was invariably greater than the total number of immunoreactive gonadotropin (GTH) and thyrotropin (TSH) cells in the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) pituitary gland raises the possibility that the α-subunit also exists in pituitary cells other than GTH and TSH cells. The present study demonstrates that there are a considerable number of immunoreactive prolactin (PRL) cells that are also stained with antibody against the α-subunit when adjacent sections are immunocytochemically examined. Neither immunoreactive growth hormone nor adrenocorticotropin cells are stained with the antibody against the α-subunit. The specificity of the antibody against the α-subunit and of that against PRL was demonstrated by preabsorption test, non-competitive binding test, and immunoblot analysis. Double-immunolabeling with gold particles of different sizes for the α-subunit and PRL revealed that most of the immunolabeled PRL-secretory granules are also labeled with the α-subunit antibody. The gold particles indicating the presence of the α-subunit were mostly found in the peripheral zone of the secretory granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302959
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of harderian gland during metamorphosis in anurans (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 202 (1982), S. 371-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Development of Harderian gland of larvae of Rana japonica, Bufo bufo japonicus, and Xenopus laevis was studied. In the adult animals, welldeveloped Harderian glands were invariably present in the orbit. In Rana and Bufo, the gland first appeared at late prometamorphic stage and in Xenopus it appeared around climax stage.In thyroidectomized tadpoles of Bufo and Rana, the Harderian gland was induced by thyrozine. In hypophysectomized tadpoles of Bufo the gland developed when they were treated with thyrozine or TSH.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092020309
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of Xenopus laevis skin glands producing 5-hydroxytryptamine and caerulein (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 483-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Development ; Skin glands ; Peptides ; Metamorphosis ; Xenopus laevis (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The granular glands in Xenopus laevis skin are known to contain large quantities of biogenic amines and bioactive peptides which closely resemble mammalian brain-gut peptides. We studied the development of glands producing 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and caerulein using immunohistochemistry, HPLC-fluorometric systems and RIA. The immunoreactivities of 5-HT and caerulein were first detected in the spherical gland rudiments in the stratum spongiosum at St. 58 (Nieuwkoop and Faber stage), or at the beginning of metamorphosis. Both immunoreactivities appeared in the same rudiment at the same time. Some of the gland rudiments have a small lumen filled with both immunoreactive materials at St. 58–59. During the rest of the metamorphic period, the glands grow in size, accumulating immunoreactive materials in the lumen. The concentrations of 5-HT and caerulein in the skin of tadpoles were below 1 ng per mg wet tissue at St. 58–59, increased as metamorphosis proceeded and reached 63 and 134 ng per mg wet tissue at St. 66, or at the end of metamorphosis, respectively. The amphibian granular glands where large quantities of biogenic amines and hormone-like peptides are rapidly synthesized may provide a useful model for the study of the development of amine- and peptide-producing cells including neurons and paraneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218860
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of thyroid hormone on the development of preoptic-hypothalamic monoaminergic neurons in tadpoles of Bufo bufo japonicus (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 198 (1979), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Monoaminergic neuron ; Preoptic recess organ ; Paraventricular organ ; Thyroid hormone ; Tadpole
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of thyroid hormone on the development of diencephalic monoaminergic neurons was studied in tadpoles of Bufo bufo japonicus. Monoamine-containing neurons in the preoptic recess organ (PRO) appeared later than those in the paraventricular organ (PVO) and nucleus infundibularis dorsalis (NID). After deprivation of thyroidal primordium no fluorescent neurons developed in the PRO. Development of monoaminergic neurons in the PVO and NID was not affected by thyroidectomy. Thyroxine treatment brought about the fluorescent neurons in the PRO of the thyroidectomized tadpoles. Fluorescent terminals in the median eminence became conspicuous around the capillaries which penetrated to the median eminence, when the tadpoles reached late prometamorphic stage. In the median eminence of thyroidectomized tadpoles, the monoaminergic axon terminals did not develop. Thyroxine induced both the fluorescent terminals and the capillary penetration in the median eminence of the thyroidectomized tadpoles. In the tadpoles hypophysectomized at tail-bud stage, thyroxine induced neither the fluorescent terminals nor the capillaries in the median eminence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234831
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