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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endogenous technological change and pollution abatement (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 27 (1996), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words: Abatement technology ; Agricultural production ; Environmental externalities ; Nonpoint source pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Nonpoint source pollution control is a more complicated process than traditional analysis suggests. Whether a new pollution abatement technology is developed exogenously or endogenously and the per unit reduction in the rate at which a pollutant associated with the use of a factor of production needed to produce an agricultural commodity due to this technology enters the environment are critical factors in the determination of the effects of agricultural production on the pollutant stock. These are the issues addressed here. The optimal current period research and development expenditures on an endogenously induced abatement technology associated with the use of a factor of production giving rise to environmental externalities are shown to be a function of, among other things, the cumulation of all research and development expenditures, the probability of an abatement technology being developed, the level of use of the factor of production, the unit pollution tax on the factor, the rate of time preference (discount rate), the rate at which the pollutant associated with the factor enters the environment, the rate of discharge of the pollutant stock, and so forth. Finally, the analysis demonstrates that a reduction in pollution by the adoption of an abatement technology may lead to an increase in the pollutant stock as a result of endogenous technological change associated with the pollution abatement. When the rate of pollution reduction is greater than a threshold, however, the adoption of an endogenously determined abatement technology will unequivocally lead to a reduction in the pollutant stock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050051
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrasonic Characterization of Residual Stress in Shot Peened AI 7075 Alloy Using Acoustic Signature (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 321-323 (Oct. 2006), p. 1475-1478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We attempted to estimate the residual stress which evolved during the shot peening of Al7075 alloy using leaky surface acoustic wave (LSAW). Shot peening was conducted to produce avariation in the compressive residual stress with the depth from the surface at a shot velocity of 30m/s.The LSAW velocity was measured using a scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM). The Vickershardness profile obtained inwards from the surface showed significant work hardening of the nearsurface layer with a thickness of about 0.3mm. The variation in the LSAW velocity through the shotpeened surface layer was in good agreement with the distribution of the residual stress measured byX-ray diffraction
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/52/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.321-323.1475.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative Evaluation of Strain Induced Martensite in STS 316L Stainless Steel (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 326-328 (Dec. 2006), p. 677-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the present work, the strain induced martensite in 316L stainless steel was quantitativelycharacterized by X-ray diffraction, the measurement of the magnetic coercivity and the AE techniqueduring the monotonic tensile deformation of plate specimens. Plate specimens subjected to differentheat treatments (i.e. having different initial microstructures) were tensile-deformed and the AE countsobtained during tensile deformation were correlated with the microstructural development. The AEcount was observed to increase with increasing amount of strain induced martensite phase, asdetermined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The potential of the AE technique and the measurement ofthe magnetic coercivity to be used for the evaluation of the tensile deformation was discussed inrelation to the existence of strain-induced martensite
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/52/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.326-328.677.pdf
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructural Characterization of Al-Zr Alloy with Nano-Sized Grains (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 326-328 (Dec. 2006), p. 429-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The mechanical alloying processes was employed to fabricate Al-4at.%Zr alloy withnano-sized grains and very fine Al3Zr compounds. The phase transformations and the stability ofthe phases formed during mechanical alloying and heat treatment processes were investigated. Thegrain sizes of the alloys immediately after milling and following the subsequent heat treatment at550℃ were 54.2nm and 106.4nm, respectively. Some of Zr atoms were dissolved into the Almatrix and most of them reacted with hydrogen produced by decomposition of PCA(process controlagent) to form ZrH2 during mechanical alloying process. These ZrH2 hydrides decomposedgradually after the heat treatment. Stable Al3Zr with a DO23 structure was formed by heat treatmentat temperature of more than 4500C. The hardness of the Al-4at.%Zr alloy was more than two timeshigher than those of other Al-based alloys
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/52/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.326-328.429.pdf
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bionanocomposites of Grass (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 47-50 (June 2008), p. 435-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Cellulose nano whiskers (CNW) are recently known for their tremendous applicability indevelopment of eco-friendly material for various applications. Present attempt was aimed to extractthe nano crystals of cellulose from grass of Korea and fabricate the composites with poly (lactic acid)in presence of compatibilizer after modification. Functional group variation, thermal behavior,surface morphology, and crystallinity were monitored by FT-IR, TGA, SEM, and XRD respectively.The water sensitivity measurements were also carried out for study of moisture resistance ofcomposites. It was found that CNW have lower thermal stability than alkali treated long fiber whereasthe crystalline nature of composites decreased significantly. The effect of modification of whiskers onthe mechanical properties was also discussed in which increase in modulus was observed
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/40/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.47-50.435.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Isothermal Aging on Magnetic Properties in 12Cr Steel (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 326-328 (Dec. 2006), p. 1201-1204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The magnetic coercivity of martensitic 12Cr steel was measured in order to evaluate itsdegree of isothermal aging. As the aging time increased, the lath width increased and the dislocationswere recovered. Aging resulted in the coarsening of the as-tempered carbides (M23C6 and MX)followed by additional precipitation of Fe2W. The magnetic coercivity rapidly decreased during theinitial aging period of about 1,000 hours and then decreased slightly thereafter. The decrease in thecoercivity with increasing aging time was related to the decrease in the number of pinning sites, thoseassociated with the dislocations, fine precipitates and coarsening of the martensite lath/subgrain
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/52/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.326-328.1201.pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibration Characteristic Prediction of a Heavy Machinery Suspension Seat Using Multi-Body Dynamic Analysis Method (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 33-37 (Mar. 2008), p. 1259-1264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This article proposes a novel simulation technique to predict the reasonable dynamiccharacteristics of a suspension seat for heavy machinery using a commercial multibody dynamicanalysis code, ADAMS. The dynamic model is simulated with the specific condition such assinusoidal and sweep input. The experiment test for actual suspension seat is conducted forreviewing the dynamic simulation model with same input condition. As the simulation results showsgood agreements with experimental test results, the dynamic analysis model is reasonable and willbe very helpful for predicting the dynamic characteristic for the suspension seat for heavymachinery and for designing the other type seats with the other suspension mechanism types
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/40/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.33-37.1259.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclic Oxidation Behavior of Thermal Barrier Coatings Irradiated by High-Intensity Pulsed Ion Beam (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 33-37 (Mar. 2008), p. 1337-1344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: High-temperature oxidation resistance of 7 wt.％Y2O3-ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings(TBCs) irradiated by high-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) has been investigated in a cyclicoxidation condition at 1050 °C ×1 h. The ceramic coating of a tetragonal ZrO2 phase structure wasprepared on GH33 superalloy substrates with a NiCoCrAlY bond coat by using electron-beamphysical-vapor deposition (EB-PVD). The ceramic coating is composed of columnar grains formingdense clusters spacing with several-μm gaps among grain clusters. The characteristics of the columnargrains disappeared after HIPIB irradiation at the ion current densities of 100-200 A/cm2, and theirradiated surface presented a smoothed, densified feature after the remelting and ablation due to theHIPIB irradiation. The thickness of the densified layer is about 1 μm. After oxidation with 15 cycles at1050 °C ×1 h, the oxidation kinetics curves of the as-deposited and irradiated TBCs showed aparabolic shape. The weight gain of original sample is about 0.8-0.9 mg/cm2, while the values of theHIPIB-irradiated TBCs decreased to some extent. The lowest weight gain is obtained for theirradiated TBCs at 200 A/cm2 with one shot, being 0.3-0.4 mg/cm2, and those at 100 A/cm2 have amedium weight gain of 0.6-0.7 mg/cm2. The cross-sectional morphologies of HIPIB-irradiated TBCsshow less oxidation of the NiCoCrAlY bonding layer, with a thinner thermally grown oxide (TGO)layer. The morphology observation is consistent with the results of cyclic oxidation test. It is foundthat the inward diffusion of oxygen through TBCs can be significantly impeded by the densified toplayer by the HIPIB irradiation, thus limiting the oxidation of the bonding layer, improving the overalloxidation resistance of the irradiated TBCs
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/40/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.33-37.1337.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructural Evaluation of Isothermally Aged 12Cr Steel by Magnetic Property Measurement (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 324-325 (Nov. 2006), p. 1253-1256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The magnetic coercivity of ferritic 12Cr steel was experimentally studied in order tocharacterize its microstructures and mechanical properties during isothermal aging. As the aging timeincreased, the M23C6 carbide coarsened and additional precipitation of Fe2W phase was induced. Thewidth of martensite lath increased to about 0.4μm after 4000 hrs of aging. The coercivity decreased asthe number of precipitate decreased and the width of martensite lath increased. The hardness wasproportional to the magnetic coercivity. These empirical linear relations suggested that the change inthe microstructures and strength of ferritic 12Cr steel during thermal aging could be evaluated bymonitoring the magnetic coercivity
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/52/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.324-325.1253.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue Crack Growth Characteristics in Dissimilar Weld Metal Joint (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 580-582 (June 2008), p. 593-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The fatigue crack growth (FCG) in dissimilar weld metal joints between SA 508 Cl.3low-alloy steel and AISI 316L stainless steel (SS) was investigated. The dissimilar weld metal jointwas made after buttering alloy 82 on the SA 508 Cl.3 side by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW).Alloy 82 welding consumable was selected to join these two metals. The fatigue crack growth rate(FCGR) in each material in the dissimilar weld metal joint increased in the order: weldment, AISI316L SS and SA 508 Cl.3, at the same stress intensity factor range, /K. As the crack propagatedacross the AISI 316L SS and heat affected zone (HAZ) into the weldment or across the SA 508 Cl.3and HAZ, into the weldment, the FCGR in the HAZ region did not change or decrease, in spite ofthe increase in /K. The retardation in the FCGR in the HAZ region was discussed in terms of thewelding residual stress
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/19/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.580-582.593.pdf
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