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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of impurities in tantalum by a radiochemical neutron activation analysis (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 168 (1993), S. 497-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A radiochemical separation method using Dowex 1×8 (200–400 mesh) has been applied to two tantalum metals of 99.9% purity. While tantalum was still retained on the resin, the elements Na, K, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Zn were separated with 2M HF and subsequently the elements Sc, As, Zr, Mo, Eu, W and Hf with a mixture of 0.5M HF and 3M HCl. The separation yields for all impurities was 98–100%. Elemental contents were calculated by a single comparator method using two monitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02040532
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of impurities in niobium metal by a radiochemical neutron activation analysis (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 179 (1994), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A radiochemical separation method using an anion exchange resin has been applied to 3N grade Nb for determining nine impurity elements. Five elements (Cr, Fe, Co, Zn and Se) were separated in 2M HF, three elements (Mo, W and Hf) in 32M HF, Nb in 0.5M HF/3M HCl, and Ta in 1M NH4F/4M NH4CCl. The contents of the elements were calculated by a single comparator method using two monitors of Au and Co. The main impurity was revealed to be Ta with a content of over 160 ppm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02037927
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of an ancient bronze statue by external beam pixe (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 192 (1995), S. 147-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A quantitative analysis of an ancient Buddha statue was performed by external beam Proton Induced X-ray Emission for the purpose of identifying its originality. It is shown how the PIXE method can be applied for archeological study. The elemental composition of the statue is compared with that of several samples with definite ages. The experiment was performed by extracting 2.4 MeV proton beam through a 2 mm diameter collimator and 7.6 μm kapton foil to the He atmosphere. X-rays were measured by a Si(Li) detector. The analysed elements were Fe, Cu, Ag, Au and Hg for gold coating and Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Sn, Au, Pb and Bi for bronze body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02037747
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of impurities in semiconductor grade silicon by instrumental neutron activation analysis (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 151 (1991), S. 373-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Instrumental neutron activation analysis has been applied to semiconductor grade silicon to study the concentration levels of impurity elements, the contamination during the single crystal growing process, and the vertical and radial distributions of impurities, along with the decontamination effect in the analysis. Twenty elements of Au, Br, As, W, Cr, Co, Na, Eu, La, Se, Zn, U, Th, Hf, Fe, Sb, Ag, Ce, Tb and Ta have been analyzed in p- and n-type wafers, single crystals and a polycrystal by a single comparator method using two comparators of gold and cobalt. Considerable surface contamination has been found and could be removed by etching the surface with nitric and hydrofluoric acid before and after irradiation. The impurity concentration has been found to be generally increased in the process of single crystal growth. The vertical and radial distributions of impurities have revealed that some impurity elements were more concentrated in the top region of a single crystal rod than in the middle region, and that Br, Cr, La, Eu and Sb were enriched in the central region and As, U and Fe in the outer region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02035497
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of impurities in titanium and titanium oxide by radiochemical neutron activation analysis (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 192 (1995), S. 155-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A radiochemical neutron activation analysis has been applied to 2N–4N grade titanium metal and its oxide. Twenty two impurities were separated in a group from scandium by a radiochemical separation method using cation exchange resin with HBr and HCl. The contents of the elements were calculated by a single comparator method using two monitors. The analytical results agree well within 10% deviation with those obtained by instrumental method. Eighteen elements, Na, Fe, Co, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Sb, La, Eu, Tb, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Th and U, are determined in titanium oxides and 17 elements, Na, Cr, Fe, Co, Se, As, Zr, Mo, Sb, Cs, Ce, Tb, Yb, Hf, Ta, W and Th, in titanium metals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02037748
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An anion exchange technique for separation of Na and K for neutron activation analysis of W-Ti alloy (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 234 (1998), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A radiochemical neutro activation analysis procedure has been developed for the determination of sodium and potassium at parts per billion levels in high purity tungsten/titanium alloy material. The procedure involves the use of an anion exchange separation for purifying sodium and potassium activities from the alloy’s matrix activities,46Sc and187W. In addition, the use of two sequential sample loadings on the resin column prior to elution of the matrix activities has been investigated. Irradiation of 200 mg of the alloy results in a sample of nearly 1 Ci which must be handled in a remote manipulation cell. After acid dissolution of the sample, the sample solution in 1M HF was loaded onto the column. Elution of the sodium and potassium was accomplished using 40 ml of 1M HF. Similar loading and elution of the second sample was followed by the elution of matrix activities with a solution of 1M HF+6M HCl. Extensive tracer experimentation was employed to establish the possibility of retaining the matrix activities on the column while a second sample solution was processed, thus greatly increasing the throughput in terms of the number of samples analyzed per day. The detection limits of Na and K using the method developed are 4.0 ppb and 200 ppb, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02389750
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion Exchange Separation Techniques for NAA of Refractory Metals (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 245 (2000), S. 41-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Radiochemical separation methods have been applied for the neutron activation analysis of impurities in four high-purity refractory metals, Ta, Nb, W and Mo. Impurities in the metals of Ta, Nb and W can be separated into groups using anion exchange resin with HF and/or a mixture of HF acid and HCl, but those in Mo is done using both anion and cation exchange resins. The coprecipitation of U with Th in HF media is also investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006782426147
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sample treatment techniques for the determination of environmental radiocarbon in a nuclear power station area (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 239 (1999), S. 533-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This report describes the environmental sample treatment techniques for14C measurement with liquid scintillation counter. The groundwater sample of about 80 liters was collected from well and inorganic carbon was removed by acidification and recirculated gas stripping with the extraction efficiency of more than 98%. The biological samples were freeze-dried and combusted to carbon dioxide in high pressure combustion unit with a combustion efficiency of nearly 99%. The14CO2 in the stack effluents was collected by an air bubbler with a collection efficiency of more than 99% for a sampling time of two weeks. Sampling of14C in reduced form also has been done by passing the gases through a tube furnace with Pt/Al and Pd/Al catalyst. Active and passive sampling methods for atmospheric14C measurements were compared in detail, and it could be concluded that the uncertainty associated with passive sampling method was quite acceptable for environmental monitoring. The CO2 trapped in NaOH was precipitated as BaCO3, and subsequently reconverted to CO2 for environmental samples and transferred to Carbo-Sorb ETM for liquid scintillation counting. In case higher precision is the deciding factor, benzene synthesis would be employed with home-made benzene synthesizer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02349064
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast neutron activation analysis of rare-earth elements in monazite from Korea (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 114 (1987), S. 359-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The relative ans single comparator methods have been applied to determine 7 rare-earth elements and U, Th in Korean Monazites by 14.5 MeV neutron activation analysis. The (n, 2n) nuclear reactions are used for all elements except La, for which (n, p) reaction is used. Al is used as a flux monitor for the relative method and as a singlle comparator for the single comparator method. The analytical results obtained by the two methods agree well within 3% deviation except for Sm and Gd. These results are also compared with the result obtained by a single comparator method using reactor neutron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02039811
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interference in neutron activation analysis of rocks by uranium fission (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 168 (1993), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Interferences by uranium fission for95Zr,99Mo,103Ru,140La,141Ce and147Nd have been studied using a single comparator method with two monitors. The effect of the neutron energy spectrum on the interference factor was examined by using the effective activation cross section. All the activities of140La produced during neutron irradiation of uranium were included in the calculation of the factor for lanthanum. The calculated and experimental interference factors are in good agreement within 10% deviation. The results have been applied for the analysis of several rock samples containing uranium in a wide concentration range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02040888
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