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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 63 (1991), S. 33-48 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 395-405 
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Renovascular hypertension, renal artery stenosis ; Captopril renography ; Doppler sonography ; MR angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Over 50 million people in the United States are hypertensive. Renovascular disease accounts for 3–5% of these hypertensive patients. Because renovascular hypertension is potentially curable, much effort has been devoted to detecting and treating renal artery stenosis. Conventional angiography has been traditionally used to diagnose renal artery stenosis. However, because of its invasiveness and cost, conventional angiography cannot be utilized as a screening test in all patients who may have renal artery stenosis. Several noninvasive studies have been advocated for screening in hypertensive patients who may have renovascular disease. However, the accuracy of these noninvasive studies is widely variable, and appropriate use of these noninvasive studies needs to be better defined. Appropriate use of diagnostic imaging examinations for hypertensive patients depends on the index of suspicion for renovascular disease and on the patient's renal function. If certain clinical findings suggest the possibility of renovascular disease, then conventional angiography/intraarterial digital subtraction angiography should be performed. Captopril renography or duplex Doppler sonography could also be utilized if angiography is not desired or is contraindicated because of impaired renal function or a contrast allergy. Magnetic resonance angiography appears to be most helpful in a small, select group of patients who are likely to have proximal renal artery stenosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 4 (1999), S. 27-30 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Compliance decisions ; Regulatory limits ; Specification ; limits ; Measurement uncertainty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  In some cases the compliance of a measurement result with a limit value will be unclear and a 'judgment' is required based on agreed criteria. Recent developments in the estimation of measurement uncertainty have opened up the possibility of a more rational approach to such problems. This paper briefly reviews some of the issues and current practices and suggests a pragmatic way forward.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 4 (1999), S. 3-13 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Metrology ; Primary methods ; Reference materials ; Traceability ; Isotope dilution mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  The UK Valid Analytical Measurement Programme has pump-primed developments in chemical metrology, through a major project on reference methodology and reference materials. This paper provides an overview of developments during 1994–1997 and covers work on primary methods for trace inorganic and trace organic analysis, including the use of isotope dilution mass spectrometry; studies of sample pre-treatment, including digestion, extraction, and separation aimed at improving this weak link in the traceability chain; prioritisation, production and marketing of both pure substance and matrix reference materials; and international collaboration concerned with interlaboratory comparisons and the development of concepts, terminology and systems to underpin the international chemical measurement system. References are given to a number of papers covering specific parts of the programme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 4 (1999), S. 280-291 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Quality assurance ; Proficiency testing ; Accreditation ; Analytical measurements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  Although it seems self-evident that proficiency testing (PT) and accreditation can be expected to improve quality, their relative benefits remain uncertain as does their efficacy. The study reported here examines the following issues: (a) Why do laboratories take part in PT schemes? (b) How does participation in PT fit in with a laboratory's overall quality assurance (QA) system? (c) Is there a link between a laboratory's performance in specific PT and it's QA system? (d) How does PT performance change with time and how do laboratories respond to poor performance? The overall conclusion is that there is no evidence from the present study that laboratories with third-party assessment (accreditation and certification) perform any better in PT than laboratories without. The validity of this conclusion and its significance for the future design and operation of such schemes requires further investigation. In particular, study is required of the degree to which good performance in open PT correlates with blind PT performance, where laboratories are not aware that the samples being analysed are part of a quality assessment exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 5 (2000), S. 151-153 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 2 (1997), S. 89-91 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 4 (1999), S. 357-360 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Metrology in chemistry ; Reference materials ; Primary methods ; Traceability ; Analytical quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  The National Analytical Reference Laboratory (NARL) was established by the Commonwealth Government within the Australian Government Analytical Laboratories (AGAL) Public Interest Programme in 1997, to help provide Australian scientists with the chemical standards they need to make reliable measurements. Reliable chemical measurements are vital to many aspects of our social and economic life including public health, environmental control, industrial productivity, trade innovation and government regulation. Mutual recognition of measurement results and the avoidance of costly disputes require the development of a structured and common system of measurement. Working-level measurements should be directly linked to national standards, which are themselves interlinked through international comparisons. Although metrology in chemistry is still in its infancy, increasing numbers of countries are establishing facilities to serve both national needs and to contribute to the international measurement system. The aim at NARL is to lead the development of an Australian chemical measurement system, which is harmonized with similar systems in other countries. This paper was presented at the Co-operation on Traceability in Analytical Chemistry (CITAC) symposium on Analytical Quality Assurance for the Twenty-first Century, held in Sydney on 15–16 October 1998. It describes the rationale for establishing NARL, the process of getting it started, the positioning, aims and strategy of NARL, the development of its work programme and plans for both national and international collaboration. If you would like more information or would like to contribute to the work of NARL please contact us at the above address.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 5 (2000), S. 173-179 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Metrology in chemistry ; Europe ; Strategy ; Traceability ; Reference materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  The paper (Parts I and II) reports the results of a survey carried out to assess the current situation in the field of metrology in chemistry within Europe and to identify future needs for work at the European level. Responses to a questionnaire covering 17 economic sectors and distributed to 17 countries plus the European Commission Joint Research Centre (EC JRC), together with input from a project group, EURACHEM and EUROMET provided the basis of the study. The questionnaire responses clearly indicated that only a minority of countries had clearly defined responsibilities for policy, funding and technical leadership. Similarly only a small number of countries was able to provide any information about levels of funding. Nonetheless, a variety of work is in progress and in some countries the effort is considerable. In other countries discussion is in progress and /or work is beginning. Part I covers the protocol for the study and reports current activities. Part II reports suggestions for future work, a strategy for metrology in chemistry and recommendations for the EC Fifth Framework Programme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Food Quality and Preference 5 (1994), S. 233 
    ISSN: 0950-3293
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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