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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 22 (1983), S. 3763-3768 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 28 (1963), S. 1682-1686 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 590-594 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Tryptophan-metabolism ; Tryptophan ; Liver cirrhosis ; Hepatic encephalopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tryptophan is considered to be one of the agents involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. In our study, we evaluated tryptophan metabolism in liver disease. A bolus of 1.5 g ofl-tryptophan was administered intravenously to 14 patients with noncirrhotic liver disease, 40 patients with liver cirrhosis, and 8 healthy volunteers. As pharmacokinetic parameters, the half life, clearance, and volume of distribution of free and total tryptophan were determined using a biexponential formula. In addition, the activity of liver tryptophan pyrrolase, the key enzyme of tryptophan metabolism, was measured in liver biopsy specimens of 15 patients with noncirrhotic liver disease, 8 patients with cirrhosis of the liver, and 4 patients with histologically normal livers. Healthy subjects and patients with noncirrhotic liver disease both showed similar results in measured and calculated data. In contrast, patients with cirrhosis revealed significant alterations of the pharmacokinetic parameters of free and total tryptophan: the half-life was increased by 195% and 176%, the clearance was decreased by 73% and 34%, respectively, and the activity of tryptophan pyrrolase was decreased by 22%. The tryptophan transfer in cirrhosis amounted to only 0.75±0.03 g per 24 h compared with 2.6±0.34 g per 24 h in healthy individuals. The findings demonstrate that patients with cirrhosis show a marked reduction in their ability to metabolize tryptophan. This should be taken into account in the oral and parenteral nutrition of those patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hepatic encephalopathy ; Amino acids ; Neurotransmitters in cerebrospinal fluid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We evaluated changes of advanced liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy on the concentrations of amino acids (AA) and ammonia in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) as well as the 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in CSF before and at the end of a 3-day period of treatment with infusions enriched with branched chain amino acids (BCAA). The subjects studied were 13 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy stages 1–3 (n=8) and stage 4 (n=5). The patients in coma stages 1–3 recovered during the treatment (survivors), those in coma stage 4 died before the study period was finished (non-survivors). The data emerging from this study show: 1. Alterations of AA concentrations are much more pronounced in the CSF than in the plasma. In the case of tryptophan the alterations in plasma and CSF were inverse. 2. Before the treatment the CSF-plasma ratios of the concentrations of BCAA and aromatic amino acids (AAA) are increased reflecting an activated transport of both the BCAA and AAA through the blood-brain barrier. 3. High dose BCAA nearly normalized CSF concentrations and CSF-plasma ratios of AAA assuming that the treatment brought about an effective competition of cerebral uptake between BCAA and AAA. 4. The CSF concentrations of ammonia and glutamine decreased significantly during treatment while the plasma concentrations changed only moderately. 5. As to the neurotransmitters, only the concentrations of 5-HT and its metabolite 5-HIAA correlated with the clinical picture and with the concentration of their precursor AA. 6. The normalization or improvement of the CSF concentrations of the AAA, ammonia and glutamine as well as the neurotransmitter 5-HT were accompanied by an improvement of hepatic encephalopathy stages 1–3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Epifluorescence microscopy was used to analyze the stomach contents of bivalve larvae collected in the Baie des Chaleurs (western Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada) in order to document food-particle sizes, compare feeding among taxa, and compare the diet with the in situ phytoplankton community. Stomach contents were mainly composed of small autotrophic flagellates (〈5 μm) and cyanobacteria (〈2 μm), reflecting the microbial food web which characterizes these waters. More than half (55%) of all veligers examined contained algal cells of 5 to 15 μm, whereas only 3% had cells of 15 to 25 μm. Differences in the size ranges of ingested algal cells among similar-sized larvae of different species suggests that veligers actively selected food particles. Among the smallest veligers (185 to 260 μm), scallops (Placopecten magellicanus) and mussels (Mytilus edulis) ingested more 〈5 μm and 5 to 15 μm algae than clams (Mya arenaria). Among larger veligers (261 to 405 μm), clams contained significantly more 〈5 μm cells than mussels, whereas mussels contained significantly more 5 to 15 μm algae than clams. Algal cells of 15 to 25 μm were preferentially ingested by mussel veligers. Feeding also differed between different-sized veligers within taxa, i.e. the smallest clam veligers ingested fewer of 5 to 15 μm algae than the larger size classes. Mussel veligers ingested significantly more 15 to 25 μm and fewer 〈5 μm cells as their size increased. The dominance of ultraplankton in the nearshore waters of Baie des Chaleurs and in the stomach contents suggests that veliger larvae may be an important export path for carbon produced by small phytoplankton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of evolutionary economics 1 (1991), S. 173-188 
    ISSN: 1432-1386
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Positive-sum games specific to dynamic equilibrium are contrasted to zero-sum games associated with static equilibrium. It is shown how the involved synergistic interactions and dynamic flexibilities explain how economic growth comes about.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 130 (1981), S. 96-100 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrogen fixation ; Nitrate respiration ; Denitrification ; Assimilatory nitrate reduction ; Dissimilatory nitrate reduction ; Acetylene reduction ; Azospirillum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Azospirillum spp. participate in all steps of the nitrogen cycle except nitrification. They can fix molecular nitrogen and perform assimilatory nitrate reduction and nitrate respiration. Culture conditions have been defined under which nitrate is used both as terminal respiratory electron acceptor and as nitrogen source for growth. Nitrate and, possibly to a very limited extent, nitrite, but not sulfate, iron or fumarate support anaerobic respiration. Under anaerobic conditions, nitrate can also supply energy for nitrogen fixation but without supporting growth. Nitrate-dependent nitrogenase activity lasts only for 3–4 h until the enzymes of assimilatory nitrate reduction are synthesized. Nitrite accumulates during this period and inhibits nitrogenase activity at concentrations of about 1 mM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 49 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Sensory quality of freshly prepared spaghetti with meat sauce entree was compared to that held hot on a cafeteria counter. A study of the time and temperature relationship indicated a steady decline in temperatures during the first 30 min of steam-table holding, although within safe limits. An experienced taste panel consisting of 8–10 members rated the samples for various sensory attributes. The freshly cooked product was rated significantly higher compared to the hot-held product for moistness, appearance of spaghetti, intensity of spice flavor in the sauce, spaghetti texture, meat texture, and general acceptability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 47 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reduced ascorbic acid (RAA) and Vitamin A (carotenoid) contents of six vegetables obtained from six cities in the United States at two seasons of the year were determined. Mean RAA content (mg/100g) of cabbage was 45.2, carrots 7.8, celery 6.0, corn 6.5, onions 8.4, and tomatoes 15.3. Vitamin C in cooked cabbage was 22.1, corn 6.2, and onions 5.7 mg/100g. Mean vitamin A activity (I.U.) of carrots was 15,228, cabbage 114, celery 133, corn 219, and tomatoes 750. In cooked cabbage and corn, vitamin A content was 89 and 217 I.U., respectively. The RAA and vitamin A content of vegetables from the six geographical areas varied significantly. Vitamin concentrations were generally lower than tabulated values. Retention of RAA in cooked cabbage was 52%; in onions, 58%; and in corn, 98%. Vitamin A retention in cooked cabbage was 82%, and in cooked corn was 98%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 47 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Yellow field pea flour replaced 2.5, 5 and 10% of wheat flour in white pan bread prepared by a straight dough, rapid mix home formulation. Incorporation of pea flour did not affect proofing times. No significant differences were found between Gardner L and “a” values for wheat-pea flour blends, but “b” values increased with increasing levels of pea flour; crumb color of breads did not differ significantly. Volumes of the breads were not significantly affected by pea flour addition. Pea flour breads were judged between fair and good for all characteristics by an experienced taste panel; the 10% pea flour breads were scored significantly lower for texture, color and flavor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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