Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Herztransplantation ; Neugeborene ; Säuglinge ; hypoplastisches Linksherzsyndrom ; Prostaglandin E1 ; Enoximon ; Key words Paediatric heart transplantation ; Hypoplastic left heart syndrome ; Prostaglandin E1 ; Enoximone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Paediatric cardiac transplantation (pHTX) has gained widespread acceptance as a therapy in end-stage myocardial failure and some forms of congenital heart disease, particularly hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). The major problems to the anaesthesiologist in these patients are induction of anaesthesia in infants with HLHS and treatment of pulmonary hypertension in the early post-bypass period. Patients and methods. Anaesthesia for pHTX was performed in 15 children 〈1 year of age (4–237 days); 12 suffered from HLHS, 2 from endocardial fibroelastosis, and 1 from dilatative cardiomyopathy. Induction of anaesthesia in patients with HLHS is a challenge to the anaesthesiologist, as he has to maintain the delicate balance between pulmonary and systemic blood flow. Anaesthesia was induced with fentanyl (10–15 μg/kg) and pancuronium (0.2–0.4 mg/kg) and maintained with fentanyl (total dosage 70–100 μg/kg). Modification of ventilatory parameters such as FiO2, PaCO2, and airway pressure (PEEP, I:E ratio) was used to influence systemic and pulmonary blood distribution in the pre-bypass period according to changes in haemodynamics (target: O2 saturation ∼75%–80%, PaCO2 45–50 mmHg). Treatment of pulmonary hypertension in the weaning and early post-bypass period consisted of respiratory (PaCO2 〈30 mmHg) and metabolic alkalinisation (pH 7.45–7.55, BE 〉+3 mmol/l), the use of prostaglandin E1 (3–6–12 μg/kg·h), and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor enoximone (10–15 μg/kg·min). Additional positive inotropic support was achieved with dobutamine (5–10 μg/kg·min), adrenaline (0.1–0.5 μg/kg·min), and/or orciprenaline (0.1–0.2 μg/kg·min) and calcium chloride (25–100 mg/ kg). Results. Two children died intraoperatively and 1 on the 1st postoperative day from overwhelming pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular failure. Three children died between 3 and 4 weeks postoperatively, 1 from cytomegalovirus infection, 1 from sepsis, and 1 from acute rejection. Nine patients survived and are well up to 5.5 years after transplantation. Conclusion. Pulmonary hypertension in the weaning and early post-bypass period is the main anaesthesiological problem of pHTX, particularly in children with HLHS. A polypragmatic approach to this problem consisting of alkalinisation, pulmonary vasodilatation, and inotropic support is presented and seems to be effective. Further improvements in concepts of pHTX are limited by the lack of donor organs. Though the experience with pHTX in neonates and infants is growing slowly, it might be a routine procedure from the anaesthesiological point of view within a few years in some selected centres.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die orthotope Herztransplantation hat sich auch für das Neugeborenen- und Säuglingsalter zu einer akzeptierten Behandlungsmethode bei hypoplastischem Linksherzsyndrom (HLHS) oder Kardiomyopathien (CM) entwickelt. Das anästhesiologische Vorgehen bei 15 Transplantationen bei Kindern unter einem Jahr wird beschrieben. 12 Kinder litten unter HLHS, die anderen unter CM. Fentanyl wurde zur Narkoseeinleitung (10–15 μg/kg) und -führung (70–100 μg/kg) als Mononarkotikum eingesetzt. Die Stabilität der Hämodynamik in dieser Phase ist stark von Beatmungskonzepten abhängig. In der Phase der Beendigung der extrakorporalen Zirkulation wurden zur Therapie der rechtsventrikulären Nachlasterhöhung nach konsequenter respiratorischer und metabolischer Alkalisierung Prostaglandin E1 (3–6–12 μg/kg/h), Enoximon (10–15 μg/kg/min) und in zwei Fällen Tolazolin (0,025 μg/kg/min) eingesetzt. Positiv inotrope Unterstützung erfolgte in allen Fällen. Eingesetzt wurden Dobutamin (5–10 μg/kg/min), Adrenalin (0,1–0,5 μg/kg/min) und Orciprenalin (0,1–0,2 μg/kg/min). In 3 Fällen war eine passagere, in einem Fall eine permanente (A-V-)-Schrittmachertherapie erforderlich. 2 Patienten konnten aufgrund eines rechtsventrikulären Versagens nicht von der EKZ entwöhnt werden. Ein weiterer Patient starb am ersten postoperativen Tag an einem Rechtsherzversagen. Die derzeitige Überlebensrate beträgt 60% bei einem Beobachtungszeitraum bis zu 5 1 / 2  Jahren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Cardiac surgery ; Phosphodiesterase inhibitors: piroximone, enoximone ; Platelets ; Aggregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective Some phosphodiesterase (PDE)-inhibitors are believed to alter platelet count and function due to changes in intracellular cAMP. Whether newly developed (specific) PDE-inhibitors negatively influence platelet function in cardiac surgery should be investigated in a randomized study. Methods Eighty patients undergoing aorto-coronary bypass grafting were divided into 4 groups and received either the new PDE-III-inhibitor piroximone (group 1), the PDE-III-inhibitor enoximone (group 2), epinephrine (group 3) or no inotropic support (control). PDE-III-inhibitors were given as a bolus followed by infusion until starting of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In addition to platelet count and a thrombelastogram, platelet function was assessed by aggregometry (ADP, epinephrine, collagen). Measurements were done before, during and after CPB until the 1st postoperative day. Results Platelet count and postoperative blood loss did not differ between the groups within the entire investigation period. Maximum aggregation and maximum gradient of platelet aggregation to all stimuli were not changed by either PDE-inhibitor enoximone or piroximone. CPB resulted in a significant decrease of all aggregation variables which was without differences due to treatment. Platelet aggregation recovered in the post-bypass period and exceeded baseline values on the 1st postoperative day. Conclusion It is concluded that enoximone and the new PDE-III-inhibitor piroximone do not affect platelet function and can be used before CPB without risking plateletrelated bleeding in cardiosurgical patients in the perioperative period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...