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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atopic sensitization and respiratory symptoms among Polish and Swedish school children (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 24 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Allergic sensitization and symptoms from the airways in relation to air pollution were compared in 10–12-year-old school children (n= 1113) from urban Konin in central Poland and both urban and rural parts of Sundsvall in northern Sweden. The measurements included parental questionnaires, skin-prick tests and serial peak flow measurements during 2 weeks with simultaneous monitoring of outdoor air pollutants. The skin-prick test technique was validated by IgE antibody determinations. The levels of common industrial pollutants, SO2 and smoke particles were much higher in Konin than in urban Sundsvall and the levels of NO2 were similar. Various respiratory symptoms were more often reported among school children in Konin (except for wheezing and diagnosed asthma). Multiple logistic regression analyses yielded the following increased odds ratios for children in Konin as compared with the reference group (rural Sundsvall): chest tightness and breathlessness 348 (95% confidence interval 2.08–5.82), exercise-induced coughing attacks 3.69 (95% confidence interval 1.68–8.10), recurrent episodes of common cold 2.79 (95% confidence interval 1.53–5.09) and prolonged cough 4–89 (95% confidence interval 2.59–9.23). In contrast, as compared with rural Sundsvall, the adjusted odds ratio for a positive skin-prick test was decreased in Konin, but increased in urban Sundsvall, 0.58 (95% confidence interval 0.37–0.91) and 1.67 (95% confidence interval 1.15–2.42) respectively. The study confirms that living in urban, as compared with rural areas, is associated with an increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms and sensitization to allergens. These differences could be explained by air pollution. Respiratory symptoms were more common in a similar urban group of Polish children who were exposed to even higher levels of air pollution. These children, however, had a much lower prevalence of sensitization to allergens, as compared with the Swedish children. This indicates that differences in lifestyle and standard of living between western Europe and a former socialist country influences the prevalence of atopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb01805.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The healthy-worker effect: A self-selection among Swedish shift workers
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Safety Research 24 (1993), S. 127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-4375
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-4375(93)90018-I
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of bronchial hyperreactivity asd etermined by several methods among Estonian schoolchildren (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 7 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: There is a lack of established criteria to identify asthma and bronchial hyerreactivity (BHR) in epidemiological studies, although both conditions appear to bear some relationship to atopy, at least in children. Recent studies indicate a low prevalence of atopy in former Socialist countries in Europe, yet the prevalence of BHR has been reported to be high. We have analysed the relationship between the outcome of various lung function tests, atopy and clinical symptoms of bronchial asthma in an epidemiological survey of Estonian 10-12 year old schoolchildren. Metacholine provocation test (four steps with the cumulative doses 100, 300, 700 and 1100uμg), exercise challenge test and PEF-variability over two weeks were done in 806 children in Tallinn (coastal, industrialised city) and 774 children in Tartu (inland, uniersity town). A positive response to the metacholine challenge test was recorded in 19% in Tallinn and in 32% in Tartu (p 〈 0.001). A similar tendency was observed for a more than 15% decrease of FEV1 in the exercise challenge test, i. e. 6% in Tallinn and 18% in Tartu. There was only a weak relationship between BHR, as defined by either a positive metacholine challenge and/or exercise test, diagnosed asthma and reported wheezing. Thus, 47% of the wheezing children and 30% of the children with asthma had negative test results. Only 17% of the children with a positive metacholine challenge were atopic, as defined by at least one positive skin prick test. In conclusion, none of the methods employed to assess bronchial hyperre-sponsiveness were very useful for the identification of wheezing and asthmatic children in this epidemiological study. In contrast to the results of studies in Western Europe, most children with bronchial hyperreactivity in Estonia are not atopic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1996.tb00121.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of Long-Term Sick Leave Among Female Home Care Personnel in Northern Sweden (1998)
    Springer
    The journal of occupational rehabilitation 8 (1998), S. 103-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3688
    Keywords: prevalence ; cause ; degree ; long-term sick leave ; home care personnel ; women
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the occurrence, cause, and degree of long term sick leave among home care personnel. Home care personnel were compared with child caretakers, nursery school teachers, and teachers. The source population was residents in the four most northern counties in Sweden. Cases were persons on long-term sick leave (〉29 days), and information was collected from the local insurance offices. The prevalence of long-term sick leave was highest among home care personnel, and an increase with age was also found within this group. Musculoskeletal complaints were very common as an underlying cause of long-term sick leave among home care personnel. Finally, full-time sick leave was the most common type of sick leave, especially among home care personnel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1023063506148
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Knit line fractures in injection molded liquid crystalline polymers (1990)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 1620-1627 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The microstructure and fracture behavior of Injection molded samples of unfilled and filled grades of liquid crystalline polymers (Vectra® and Ultrax®) containing cold and warm knit lines have been studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray scattering, and Instron tensile tests. Four process parameters - melt temperature, mold temperature, injection time, and holding pressure - have been varied in accordance with a 24 factorial design experiment. In cold knit lines a 200 µm thick region with transverse orientation with Hermans orientation function f ≈ 0.12-0.18 is formed on both sides on the weld area. The strength of the cold knit lines is very low, 9.0-19.8 MPa corresponding to 15-20% of the full strength of the material. The strength of the warm knit lines increases markedly with increasing distance from the insert and is generally significantly greater (40-45 MPa, 48 mm from the insert) than in the cold welds. Annealing at 260-300°C of samples containing cold knit lines causes first a partial healing of the knit line and later extensive chemical degradation of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760302411
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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