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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of the α2-adrenergic system in polydipsia in schizophrenic patients: a pilot study (1997)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 130 (1997), S. 382-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Schizophrenia ; Polydipsia ; Drinking behavior ; Mianserin ; Clonidine ; α2-Adrenoceptor ; Adrenergic system ; Body weight change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Animal studies have suggested the involvement of the adrenergic system in drinking behavior. The present study investigated the involvement of the α2-adrenergic system in the polydipsia of patients with chronic schizophrenia by use of an α2 agonist and an antagonist. Four patients with schizophrenic disorders accompanied by intermittent hyponatremia and polydipsia were the subjects of, and completed, this study. Drinking behavior was assessed by calculating the percent of maximum weight gain [PMWG: (maximum diurnal weight – standard weight) × 100/standard weight]. Standard weight was defined as body weight after 8 h of water restriction. Clonidine (75, 150, and 225 mg/day) increased the PMWG in a dose-dependent manner in the four subjects. In contrast, in three of the subjects, mianserin (30, 60, and 90 mg/day) decreased PMWG, and the severe polydipsia disappeared almost completely. These findings indicate clearly that the α2-adrenergic system is involved in the drinking behavior of schizophrenic patients. Mianserin appears to be clinically useful in treating such patients with polydipsia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050254
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity to chlorpromazine effects on brain function of schizophrenics and normals (1976)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 51 (1976), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Sensitivity ; Chlorpromazine ; Polygraphy ; EEG ; EDR ; Schizophrenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract For the purpose of quantitative demonstration of the sensitivity to chlorpromazine (CPZ) effects on brain functions of schizophrenics and normal subjects, polygraphic recordings of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrodermal response (EDR) were performed before and 3 h after oral administration of 25 mg of CPZ: percent time waking EEG (% W-EEG) and number per minute of EDR were measured during the resting period and the period of calculation. In 10 normal adult subjects, both % W-EEG and number of EDR showed remarkable decrease after CPZ administration. In 22 schizophrenics, however, % W-EEG showed no significant decrease after CPZ administration. Number of EDR in schizophrenics during the period of calculation did not show any significant decrease. The neural mechanism underlying the lower sensitivity to CPZ effects in schizoprenics was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426329
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined treatment of tardive dyskinesia with clonidine and neuroleptics: A follow-up study of three cases for three years (1983)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 80 (1983), S. 374-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Dyskinesia ; Clonidine ; Combined neuroleptics ; Noradienaline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three cases of tardive dyskinesia with psychotic symptoms (one presenile psychosis; two schizophrenia) were successfully treated with both clonidine and neuroleptics for 3 years. The dyskinesia abolished or reduced by clonidine returned several months after discontinvation of clonidine. During the follow-up study, it was observed that combining neuroleptics with clonidine was superior to thioridazine, levomepromazine, or sulpiride for controlling the dyskinesia. These findings suggest that noradrenergic involvement is important in tardive dyskinesia and that other subtypes of dyskinesia might exist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432124
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prophylactic effect of neuroleptics in symptom-free schizophrenics: A comparative dose-response study of haloperidol and propericiazine (1984)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 82 (1984), S. 153-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Schizophrenics in remission ; Prophylactic effect ; Haloperidol ; Propericiazine ; Prolactin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Remitted schizophrenic outpatients were treated in order to prevent relapse with three doses of haloperidol or propericiazine for 1 year in a double-blind controlled study employing a randomized design. The drug's ability to prevent relapse was evaluated by counting the number of symptom-free days for each patient before any sign of relapse or over-dose appeared. Patients were randomly assinged to the following drugs orally administered once per day at night: placebo; haloperidol 1 mg, 3 mg, and 6 mg; propericiazine 10 mg, 30 mg, and 60 mg. Serum prolactin levels in each patient were estimated by radioimmunoassay. All patients treated with placebo relapsed within 1 year and the relapse rate with placebo was significantly higher than with any dose of the two neuroleptics. Haloperidol increased the number of symptom-free days in a dose-dependent manner. Propericiazine at 10 mg and 30 mg also increased the number of symptom-free days dose-dependently but at 60 mg, the number decreased. It appears that propericiazine shows an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve. Prolactin levels were elevated dose-dependently by both drugs but failed to show a significant correlation with the number of symptom-free days. The present results indicate that haloperidol is superior to propericiazine from the viewpoint of the wider “therapeutic window” in maintenance treatment and antidopaminergic properties of neuroleptics, wherein it is important to prevent relapse even in remitted schizophrenics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427763
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biphasic and long-lasting effect of ceruletide on tardive dyskinesia (1985)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 86 (1985), S. 43-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Dyskinesia ; Ceruletide ; Dopamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 55-year-old schizophrenic inpatient with buccolingual dyskinesia was treated with a single dose of ceruletide 0.8 μg/kg IM. Time-course effects of the drug were then followed for up to 6 weeks after injection. To assess changes in severity of bucco-lingual dyskinesia objectively, electromyogram (EMG) and microvibration (MV) were recorded. Simultaneously, bucco-lingual dyskinesias were also evaluated by using a five-point rating scale. Before injection of ceruletide, severity of dyskinesia was “moderate” and 3–4 Hz of dyskinetic oral movements were dominant. “Extremely severe” and repetitious gross oral movements (around 1 Hz) were observed within a few minutes after injection and continued for up to 1 h. Thereafter, oral movements tended to decrease, and they disappeared completely 3 weeks after injection. This biphasic and long-lasting effect of ceruletide on tardive dyskinesia might contribute to further understanding of the physio-pathophysiological role of cholecystokinin-like peptides in the brain, and provide a basis for practical treatment of tardive dyskinesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431682
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prophylactic effect of neuroleptics in symptom-free schizophrenics (1982)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 77 (1982), S. 301-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Schizophrenics in remission ; Prophylactic effect ; Double-blind ; Diazepam ; Imipramine ; Chlorpromazine ; Haloperidol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prophylactic effects of psychotropic drugs on 55 schizophrenics in remission were evaluated for 3 years in a double-blind controlled study employing a cross-over design. Patients were randomly assigned to the following drugs orally administered twice a day: placebo; diazepam 15 mg; imipramine 50 mg; chlorpromazine 75 mg; and haloperidol 3 mg. The number of days of remission for each patient was recorded. Since only two patients received all five drug treatments, the data were analyzed using the number of days allocated to the “first assigned drugs” only and the cross-over aspect of the experimental design was disregarded. All patients treated with either the placebo, diazepam or imipramine relapsed within a year. On the other hand, four patients treated with chlorpromazine, or with haloperidol, were in remission for more than 1 year. Fifty percent of the patients relapsed within 16 days with placebo; 88 days with diazepam; 30 days with imipramine; 165 days with chlorpromazine; and 74 days with haloperidol. Within a year, only chlorpromazine significantly prolonged the remission state as compared to placebo and imipramine. At the end of the 3-year trial, both chlorpromazine and haloperidol significantly prolonged the remission state as compared to the other three drugs. These data suggest that neuroleptic treatment for a longer period is vitally important to prevent relapse even in schizophrenics in remission and that such a trial seems an efficient method for investigating the prophylactic effects of neuroleptics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432759
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ceruletide on tardive dyskinesia: A pilot study of quantitative computer analyses on electromyogram and microvibration (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 90 (1986), S. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Tardive dyskinesia ; Ceruletide ; Dopamine ; EMG ; MV
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Seven patients with bucco-lingual dyskinesia were treated with a single dose of ceruletide 0.8 μg/kg IM, a potent analogue of cholecystokinin octapeptide. Time-course effects of the drug were then followed up to 6 weeks after injection in the longest case. To assess changes in severity of dyskinesia objectively, electromyogram and microvibration were recorded. These data were subjected to the Fast Fourier Transform and an averaged power spectrum was computed. The effect of ceruletide on dyskinesia within 2 h after injection differed (three cases: inhibitory, two cases: facilitatory, two cases: no effect). It was notable that a long-lasting inhibitory effect of this peptide was observed in two severe irreversible cases. The present findings might contribute to further understanding of the physiopathophysiological role of cholecystokinin-like peptides in the brain and to practical treatment of tardive dyskinesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172862
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