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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review of the embryologic development of the pituitary gland and report of a case of hypophyseal duplication detected by MRI (1995)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 3-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Hypothalamus ; Embryology ; Abnormalities ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe the clinical manifestations, associated abnormalities, MRI appearances and pathologic significance of a case of hypophyseal duplication. A 16-year-old girl presented with delayed sexual development and history of midline craniofacial anomalies. MRI revealed paired infundibula extending inferiorly to two small pituitary glands, a midline hypothalamic mass, and a midline cleft in the basisphenoid. Twelve cases of pituitary duplication have previously been described. The suggested pathogenesis is duplication of the prechordal plate and anterior end of the notochord during early embryologic development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588511
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trilateral retinoblastoma with suprasellar involvement (1997)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 39 (1997), S. 41-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Retinoblastoma ; trilateral ; Tumors ; suprasellar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract “Trilateral retinoblastoma” (TRB) is the association of a midline intracranial tumor with familial bilateral retinoblastoma. Classically, the intracranial tumor is a pineal region tumor (pineoblastoma) with histology similar to retinoblastoma. We present a 7-month-old child with bilateral orbital retinoblastoma with a third tumor arising in the chiasmatic cistern. The presentation and prognosis of patients with this association differ from those children with “classical” TRB. The presentation, treatment, and outcome are described, with a review of the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050364
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI in tick-borne encephalitis (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 753-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Encephalitis, tick-borne ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Basal ganglia ; Thalamus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus gives rise to epidemic encephalitis. Mild forms usually manifest as influenza-like episodes or are clinically silent. MRI is usually normal in TBE. We describe severe TBE in a patient who presented with fever and altered mental status after a tick bite and a specific antibody response to TBE. MRI revealed pronounced signal abnormalities in the basal ganglia and thalamus, without contrast enhancement. These findings coincide well with neuropathological studies of severe nerve cell degeneration with inflammatory cell infiltrates, neuronophagia and reactive astrocytosis in the deep grey matter. We review the literature and discuss the relevant differential diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000396
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the supra-aortic vessels in 24 seconds: a feasibility study (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 391-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Artery ; carotid ; Magnetic resonance angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A contrast-enhanced, gradient-echo 3D pulse sequence providing angiographic information in 24 s was tested in five healthy subjects and used prospectively in 21 patients for the investigation of the cervical arteries. Indications included suspected stenosis of the carotid (in 13), or vertebral arteries (in 1), carotid dissection (3), variants of the branches of the aortic arch (2) and extracranial carotid aneurysms (2). The results in all patients were compared with those of intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA). In patients with carotid stenosis, they were also compared with high-resolution 3D time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography (MRA). Good quality MR angiograms of the neck vessels were obtained with the fast 3D sequence in 20 of the 21 patients. One claustrophobic patient was unable to co-operate. The degree of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis was graded correctly (compared to DSA) in 21 of 24 cases (87.5 %). Two mild stenoses were overestimated as moderate using the fast MR sequence and one high-grade stenosis was misdiagnosed as a complete occlusion. Carotid dissection was confirmed in one case and correctly excluded in two. Four extracranial ICA aneurysms in two patients, arterial variants and stenosis of the origin of the vertebral artery were correctly diagnosed using the contrast-enhanced MR angiogram. Three-dimensional TOF MRA was unsuccessful due to motion artefacts in half of the cases of ICA stenosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050772
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient oedema of the cervical spinal cord (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 280-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Oedema ; intramedullary ; Spinal cord ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Transient but very intense oedema of the cervical spinal cord was observed in two patients with obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways. Both presented with hydrocephalus, one due to an infratentorial obstructing mass and the other due to postmeningitic adhesive obstruction of the outlet foramina of the fourth ventricle. In animal experiments with obstruction of CSF pathways (due to outlet foramina obstruction or to downward tentorial herniation) flattening and stretching of the ependymal cells along the central canal is observed, followed by disruption and splitting of the ependymal lining and then by extracellular oedema of the subependymal tissue. Without treatment, frank cavity formation develops in a fourth stage. In our two patients, however, most probably because of appropriate decompressive therapy, the oedema disappeared completely without a residual spinal cord lesion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050886
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic characteristics of oxygenation-sensitive MRI signal in different temporal protocols for imaging human brain activity (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 591-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Magnetic resonance imaging ; functional
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The temporal characteristics of cerebral blood oxygenation during human brain activation were monitored with dynamic echo-planar imaging (EPI) using the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) fMRI. We investigated oxygenation-sensitive signal changes: 1. during repetitive block stimuli, to determine the latency of the activation-induced signal change in the primary visual cortex; 2. on shortening the rest periods between constant stimulated phases, to investigate the limitations that this latency poses in temporal resolution of the technique; and 3. on sustained steady-state stimulation, to characterise oxygenation changes during prolonged brain activation using different stimuli. Delayed intrinsic haemodynamic response and a finite signal-to-noise ratio limit the temporal resolution achieved with BOLD fMRI. Separate activation periods were resolved when the delay between consecutive stimulations was at least 2 s. In this study oxygenation remained elevated throughout sustained activation, suggesting a constant rate of oxygen consumption by the primary cortical neurones during activation. Characterisation of fMRI signal dynamics in dynamic temporal protocols is significant both in terms of optimising stimulation protocols and the potential to gain insight into the physiological mechanisms underlying neuronal activation which could increase the clinical applicability of the technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000355
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    3D T2-weighted fast spin-echo MRI sialography of the parotid gland (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 46-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words MRI sialography ; Pulse sequences ; Parotid gland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The diagnostic value of 3D T2-weighted MRI sialography and 2D T2-weighted fast spin-echo (FSE) images for delineation of the normal duct system and characterisation of parotid gland duct pathology was compared in a prospective study. We studied eight healthy volunteers and 18 patients with pathology of the parotid gland (tumours in 3, sialolithiasis in 6, Sjögren's disease in 4, recurrent or chronic parotitis in 4, post-traumatic stricture of the main parotid duct in 1). A heavily T2-weighted 3D FSE sequence was compared with a conventional 2D T2-weighted FSE sequence. The normal main parotid duct was always visible on 3D sialography and seen in 68 % of the 2D T2-weighted FSE studies. The diagnostic reliability of both sequences for diagnosis of luminal concretions in sialolithiasis and dilatation of the duct in duct stricture or chronic parotitis was equal, although slight intraglandular dilatation was appreciated only on 3D sialography. Extraductal pathology resulting in obstruction or displacement of ducts was better characterised on 2D T2-weighted images. However, 3D MRI sialography offered the advantage of postprocessing with overview images and multiple maximum-intensity projection images in any plane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050704
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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