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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 23 (1993), S. III 
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 23 (1993), S. XIV 
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 59 (1980), S. 95-103 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The brown macroalgae Laminaria digitata (Huds.) Lamour., L. hyperborea (Gunn.) Foslie, and L. saccharina (L.) Lamour. (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) have been investigated for carbon assimilation and assimilate biosynthesis in different tissues (meristoderm, cortex, medulla) of stipes and blades. Carboxylation via ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.32) follows a transversal gradient from the outer to the inner tissues with maximum activity of enzymatic CO2 fixation in the meristoderm. Such transversal profiles are also recorded for photosynthetic and dark carbon assimilation as well as for kinetics of assimilate 14C-labelling in isolated tissues. Differential chemical constitution of the blade and stipe tissues examined and results from assimilate biosynthesis are discussed with regard to a transversal translocation of photosynthates from meristodermal to cortical and medullar cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 22 (1973), S. 31-35 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Thallusstücke von Pelvetia canaliculata (L.) Decne, et Thur. wurden nach kurzzeitiger photosynthetischer H14CO - 3 -Assimilation chromatographisch auf 14C-Assimilate analysiert. 2. Unter verschiedenen Komponenten der löslichen Fraktion fand sich neben 14C-Mannit bereits nach 30 sec 14C-Volemit. 14C-Volemit und 14C-Mannit waren auschließlich nach Photosynthese, nicht nach H14CO - 3 -Dunkelfixierung nachweisbar. 3. Die Kinetik der 14C-Markierung von Volemit weist aus, daß der Heptit in P. canaliculata neben Mannit akkumuliert wird. Zusätzliche Pulsmarkierungen zeigen, daß beide Polyole als Atmungssubstrate dienen können. 4. Die Akkumulation eines C7-Photosynthats stellt nicht nur für Algen, sondern für autotrophe Pflanzen überhaupt einen Sonderfall dar. 5. Die Biosynthese des Volemit läuft ausschließlich in der Alge, nicht in ihrem systemischen Endophyten Mycosphaerella pelvetiae=M. ascophylli ab. In der mit diesem Pilz zusammenlebenden Braunalge Ascophyllum nodosum konnte Volemit in keinem Fall nachgewiesen werden. 6. Für eine engere stoffwechselphysiologische Wechselbeziehung zwischen Alge und Pilz sowie für einen möglichen Flechtencharakter von P. canaliculata und A. nodosum lassen sich aufgrund der hier mitgeteilten Versuche keine Anhaltspunkte finden.
    Notes: Abstract The heptitol volemitol, formerly only known in some fungi, lichens, and roots of Primula species, has recently been shown to occur also in the marine brown alga Pelvetia canaficulata (L.) Decne, et Thur. in considerable amounts. Photosynthesis experiments in H14CO - 3 provided evidence that, among other substances, 14C-volemitol is formed almost 30 sec after beginning of 14C-assimilation. 14C-volemitol was not detectable after dark fixation. Percentage labelling of this polyol rose from 4.5% after 30 sec to 12% after 10 min. These data show that, in P. canaliculata, volemitol is accumulated during photosynthesis beside mannitol, the major constituent of the soluble fraction. Biosynthesis of volemitol proceeds in the alga only, not in its systemic fungal endosymbiont Mycosphaerella pelvetiae, since the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum, infected with the same fungus, doess not synthesize a heptitol. Having regard to these metabolic characteristics, we conclude that there is no lichenoid interrelationship between Pelvetia/Ascophyllum and their systemic fungus Mycosphaerella.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 76 (1983), S. 231-239 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rhodomela confervoides (Huds.) Silva (Ceramiales: Rhodophyta) infected with the alloparasitic Harveyella mirabilis (Reinsch) Reinke (Cryptonemiales: Rhodophyta) was investigated with particular regard to rates of carbon fixation, patterns of soluble and insoluble assimilates, and transfer of reduced carbon from the photoautotrophic basiphyte to the fully heterotrophic epiphyte by means of 14C-labelling experiments. Gross carbon input by photosynthesis in Rh. confervoides accounted for about 53 μg Cd-1 when based on a biological unit (average individual of 200 mg fresh weight). Some 3% of the remaining net carbon gain (equivalent to about 0.7 μg Cd-1) was transferred from Rh. confervoides to its alloparasite, H. mirabilis (biological unit ≥0.5 mg fresh weight). Chromatographic examination showed that soluble 14C was translocated to and stored by H. mirabilis as mannosidoglycerate (=digeneaside) and probably a variety of amino acids. A certain proportion of soluble radiocarbon imported is converted by H. mirabilis to glycerolgalactoside (=floridoside). The bulk of imported 14C was recovered from the polymeric fraction, mainly from floridean starch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 31 (1975), S. 219-226 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Photosynthetic assimilation of 14CO2 by the symbiotic green alga Platymonas convolutae Parke et Manton in the marine flatworm Convoluta roscoffensis Graff has been investigated and compared with that in free-living P. subcordiformis and P. tetrathele. All Platymonas species investigated rapidly incorporate 14CO2 into a complex variety of soluble and insoluble assimilates. The rate of dark fixation is considerably lower in P. convolutae. Typical 14C-assimilate patterns are rather uniform in all Platymonas species, but the time courses of 14C-labelling of several compounds are very different. The percentage of 14C-aspartate and 14C-malate is significantly higher in P. convolutae after short-term-photosynthesis, whereas 14C-labelled phosphate esters predominate in the free-living Platymonas species. A comparison of the kinetics of 14C-labelling and of the distribution of 14C-activity between soluble and insoluble fractions suggests that glucose and fructose, not mannitol, as well as several amino acids (especially alanine) move from the algal partner to the tissue of the animal host. The significance of these findings is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Scyphopolyps and scyphomedusae of Cassiopea andromeda Forskål (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) containing dinoflagellate endosymbionts (zooxanthellae) were investigated for rates and pathways of carbon fixation. Photosynthesis by the algae, accounting for 80 and 15 μmol C h-1 on a dry weight basis in medusae and polyps, respectively, by far exceeds dark incorporation of inorganic carbon by the intact association. Photosynthetic carbon fixation is operated via C3 pathway of carbon reduction. DCMU-treatment (1×10-6 M and 1×10-5 M) completely inhibits light-dependent carbon assimilation. Major photosynthates presumably involved in a metabolite flow from algal symbionts to animal tissue are glycerol and glucose. A total of 5–10% net algal photosynthate appears to be seleased in vivo to the host. This is probably less than the energy supply ultimately required for the nutrition of the polyps and medusae. The presence of zooxanthellae proved to be indispensable for strobilation in the scyphopolyps. However, photosynthesis by algal symbionts as well as photosynthate release is obviously not essential for the initiation of ephyrae as is shown by DCMU-treatment, culture in continous darkness, and aposymbiotic controls. It is therefore concluded that strobilation is supported, but not triggered by algal photosynthetic activity. The induction of strobilation thus seems to depend on a more complex system of regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 34 (1976), S. 313-316 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When the marine opisthobranchiate slug Hermaea bifida Mont. is incubated in a H14CO 3 - -seawater medium in the light, a considerable net gain of 14C-assimilates is observed. Electron microscopic control provided evidence that this 14C-fixation is due to photosynthesis by chloroplasts (=rhodoplasts) endosymbiotic in the cells of the digestive gland of the slug. After thin-layer chromatographic analysis various 14C-labelled photosynthates could be traced. The assimilate pattern of the rhodoplasts is compared with that of the marine red alga Griffithsia flosculosa (Ellis) Batt., from which the plastids are acquired by feeding. The nutritional relationship of this endosymbiosis is discussed, with emphasis on the occurrence of functional chloroplast endosymbioses among the eolidiform species of the Sacoglossa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 42 (1977), S. 9-15 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Thallus segments of Fucus serratus L. and F. vesiculosus L. (Phaeophyceae, Fucales) were transferred into seawater media with a salinity range from 32.65 to 2.25‰ and maintained for at least 2 weeks. Several parameters of chemical composition as well as rates of photosynthetic and respiratory oxygen exchange, 14C-assimilate patterns, and release of 14C-assimilates into the culture medium have been investigated. Compared to controls, in both species dry weight, ash, chloride, and mannitol contents distinctly decline proportionally to reduction of salinity in the incubation media, whereas content of total N (in terms of protein content) remarkably increase. Respiratory O2-consumption is markedly increased at lower salinities, whereas rate of photosynthetic O2-evolution shows some depression. Relatively little effects of salinity changes are observed in distribution of photosynthetically assimilated 14C among the major groups of photosynthates. Release of 14C-assimilates into the incubation medium never exceeds 2% of total 14C-uptake, but is stimulated in media of reduced salt content. The results are discussed with emphasis on phenomena of long-term adaptation and osmoregulation in the marine fucoid species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The soft coral Heteroxenia fuscescens (Ehrb.) and its isolated zooxanthellae (endosymbiotic dinoflagellates) were investigated with particular regard to uptake and utilization of exogenously supplied 14C-acetate in the light and in the dark. The incorporation of 14C from 14C-acetate into the host tissue and into the zooxanthellae was consistently much higher in the light than in the dark. The incorporated 14C-acetate was rapidly metabolized by the host and algae and was recovered from different assimilate fractions. The major proportion of radiocarbon from metabolized 14C-acetate was located in host tissue. The CHCl3-soluble fraction composed of diverse lipids showed the strongest 14C-labelling. Zooxanthellae isolated prior to incubation accounted for about 80% of the acetate incorporation recorded for zooxanthellae in situ (in vivo). It is concluded from a comparison of acetate incorporation and conversion under light and dark conditions that most of the lipid reserve of the host tissue originates from fatty acids, which are synthesized within the algal symbionts and are then translocated to the heterotrophic partner via extrusion. The acetate units needed for lipid synthesis are obtained by absorption of free acetate from dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the seawater as well as by photosynthetic assimilation of inorganic carbon. Thus, in H. fuscescens, lipogenesis is operated as a light-driven process to which the zooxanthellae considerably contribute assimilatory power by performing fatty acid synthesis and translocation of lipid compounds to their intracellular environment (host cell). A metabolic scheme is proposed to account for the different pathways of carbon conversion observed in H. fuscescens. The incubations took place in August 1980 and the analytical part from October 1980 to January 1984.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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