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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A substrate temperature measurement system for use during rf diode sputtering (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 749-751 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A substrate temperature measurement system is described, which has proved useful for measuring substrate temperature in situ in an rf diode sputtering system. This temperature measurement system mimics the true deposition materials, geometry, and thermal contact as much as possible. The measurement electronics are quite insensitive to rf interference and allow for cancellation of lead resistance and thermoelectric voltages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141013
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magneto-Optical Storage Materials (1993)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 23 (1993), S. 411-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.23.080193.002211
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erasure and noise study in barium-ferrite tape media : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6719-6721 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Erasure and noise characteristics of longitudinally oriented Ba-ferrite tape media with different squareness values were examined. The study showed media with higher squareness values were easier to erase using longitudinal erase fields and were harder to erase using vertical erase fields than media with lower squareness values. However, at the highest squareness value, longitudinal dc fields were superior to longitudinal ac fields in erasing the signal, suggesting that there is an optimum squareness value for longitudinal ac erasure. This trend was consistent with the observed increase in positive interactions with the increasing squareness ratios. Results of the noise study showed a dip in the reverse dc demagnetization noise plot for all samples studied. Strong positive interactions caused the ac demagnetization remanence noise to reach its final level more slowly than the isothermal remanence noise. This result is in agreement with the fact that the strong positive interactions render dc fields superior to ac fields in erasing the remanent signal levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352513
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Cr2O3 or Y2O3 doping in barium ferrite thin-film medium for high-density recording : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4878-4880 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of Cr2O3 or Y2O3 doping on the surface morphology and magnetic properties in barium ferrite thin films have been studied. Thin films were deposited by co-sputtering a barium ferrite target with a Cr2O3 or Y2O3 target. The deposited amorphous films were homogenized at a temperature of 600 °C for over 10 h followed by annealing at 800 °C in a tube furnace. It was observed that, whereas stoichiometric barium ferrite shows 5000 A(ring)×500 A(ring) acicular grainlike features, films doped with Cr2O3 or Y2O3 had equiaxed topographic features with an average size of 500 A(ring). Magnetic studies showed that the coercivity of the doped films was over 3500 Oe and was larger than that of stoichiometric films. A weak magnetostatic interaction was found in all the films. Studies of the magnetic after effect indicated excellent thermal stability in all the films. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361638
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of local order in the amorphous precursor to Ba-hexaferrite thin-film recording media : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4890-4892 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ba-hexaferrite thin films for recording media applications are often fabricated by a two-step process: sputter deposition of an amorphous precursor, followed by annealing to crystallize the BaFe12O19 phase. The magnetic anisotropy of the crystalline films can be either in-plane or perpendicular, depending on the sputtering process used in the first step. However, conventional structural characterization techniques have not been able to distinguish between different as-sputtered films. Using polarization-dependent extended x-ray absorption fine structure (PD-EXAFS), we have observed anisotropic local structure around both Ba and Fe atoms in the amorphous precursor films. Comparison of the results suggests that the amorphous films consist of networks of Fe atoms surrounded by their O nearest neighbors, with Ba atoms fitting into in-between spaces as network modifiers (there might also be some minor Fe network modifying contribution). The local structural anisotropy of the amorphous films appears to determine the orientation of the fast-growing basal plane directions during annealing, and thus the directions of the c axes and the magnetic anisotropy. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361641
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Search for high moment soft magnetic materials: FeZrN (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5011-5011 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: FeN materials exhibiting high moment, low coercivity and small magnetostriction have previously been reported. Zr has been known to reduce the magnetostriction in other Fe alloys. The criteria for an ideal recording head pole material as well as shields for magnetroresistive sensors include high moment, low coercivity, high permeability, and zero magnetostriction. We present here the properties of half micrometer thick rf sputtered FeZrN films on glass coupons. The films were deposited at a pressure of 3 mTorr using a Perkin–Elmer sputtering system. The target was composed of Fe with Zr chips covering approximately 2% of the surface area. The properties were measured as a function of the N2 partial pressure. The saturation magnetization of the as-sputtered films was approximately 20 kG. The easy axis and the hard axis coercivities show minima at approximately 7%–10% N2 partial pressure of approximately 1.8 and 0.6 G, respectively. The magnetic anisotropy is approximately 5 G yielding a dc permeability of approximately 4000 along the hard axis. X-ray data reveal a systematic change in the ratio of α-Fe and γ-Fe4N; the amount of the γ-Fe4N phase increases with increasing N2 flow rate. The magnetostriction increases with increasing N2 content crossing zero at approximately 6%. The grain size as probed by atomic force microscopy is an increasing function of the N2 partial pressure, from a few nm for a N2 partial pressure of 5% to as large as 50 nm for a N2 partial pressure of 15%. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361557
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Approaches to 10 Gbit/in.2 recording (invited) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4485-4490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The areal density of manufactured magnetic disk drives is currently advancing at a rate of about 60% per year. Assuming this continues, an areal density of 10 Gbit/in.2 will be reached sometime shortly after year 2000. In this paper, the characteristics of a disk drive with 10 Gbit/in.2 density and the requirements that such an areal density places upon the component technologies necessary to make such a drive possible are discussed. It is projected that smooth, high coercivity and fine grain media, high moment thin film write heads, spin-valve read heads, advanced signal processing techniques, and improved servo systems will make it possible to achieve this goal using flying heads and longitudinal recording. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361762
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oscillatory interlayer exchange coupling in Ni81Fe19/Cu/Ni81Fe19/Fe50Mn50 spin valves (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 2801-2803 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An oscillatory behavior is observed in the indirect exchange coupling between the two ferromagnetic layers in sputtered 〈111〉 and 〈100〉 Ni81Fe19/Cu tCu/Ni81Fe19/Fe50Mn50 spin valves. The periods of oscillations are 13.5 and 12.5 A(ring) for the 〈111〉 and 〈100〉 growth directions, respectively. The coupling changes from strongly ferromagnetic, at tCu=12 A(ring), to antiferromagnetic at tCu=9.5 A(ring). At the transition region where the bilinear coupling changes sign (tCu≈10 A(ring)) biquadratic coupling is observed. The amplitude of the giant magnetoresistive effect reaches its maximum value for tCu=12 A(ring), and values in excess of 4% are still observed for tCu=10 A(ring). Interface sharpness is shown to be a key parameter for the observation of antiferromagnetic coupling, as well as a large magnetoresistive effect, at very thin copper layers. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361115
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic domain instability and popcorn noise in thin-film heads : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6391-6393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of dynamic domain instability on popcorn noise probabilities were studied by correlating the measured popcorn noise probabilities with the instantaneous observations of dynamic domain states of thin-film heads during and after writing. Heads with large peak popcorn noise probabilities at intermediate values of write current amplitude were observed to exhibit asymmetric domain patterns and occasional popping wall motion in the yoke structure during writing. The occurrences of dynamic domain instability were imaged by comparing many instantaneous domain patterns at 10 μs after a specific write current excitation. Delayed-relaxation Barkhausen wall jumps near the backgap closure were observed occasionally in several noisy heads. Quantitative correlation between the probabilities of popcorn noise and dynamic domain instability was also obtained in a very noisy head. Dynamic domain instabilities in the yoke are thus responsible for the peak popcorn noise probabilities in thin-film heads.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355360
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative thermomagnetic analysis of CoCr films and experimental determination of the CoCr phase diagram : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5551-5553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have experimentally determined the CoCr phase diagram in a region of great interest for magnetic recording media, by quantitative thermomagnetic analyses (TMA) of CoCr films. We used TMA results, together with CoCr bulk data, film-average measurements of composition and room temperature Ms, and a novel curve-fitting and analysis technique. Our TMA experiments suggested a model in which magnetic (exchange) energy causes the phase separation. There are four different phase diagrams for CoCr in the literature. Our experimentally determined phase diagram shows good qualitative agreement with the theoretical Hasebe phase diagram [J. Jpn. Inst. Met. 46, 577 (1982) (in Japanese)], the only one whose calculation included magnetic (exchange) energy terms. We have also estimated the relative amounts of the different phases present in the films, and found about 40 to 55 vol % to be nonmagnetic at room temperature. For such material, the magnetostatic contributions to magnetic anisotropy could be substantial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353647
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