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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axillary Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer: Is Size Related to Metastatic Involvement? (2000)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 24 (2000), S. 546-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Usually when using imaging procedures, such as axillary mammography or ultrasonography, a cutoff level of 5 mm for lymph node size is postulated to be not only the limit of lymph node visibility but also a sign of metastatic involvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this assumption, used as a basic hypothesis in many reports, is true. A series of 72 axillary specimens from 71 breast carcinoma patients operated at the university hospital of Vienna were analyzed. A comparison of histologically noninvolved axillary specimens with those showing metastatic involvement revealed that the two groups did not differ significantly according to the number or size of lymph nodes per axilla. For lymph nodes 〈5 mm the probability of being metastatically involved was still 10%. Enlarged lymph nodes (5–20 mm) had a slightly higher risk of being malignant (20%). In contrast, the probability of metastatic involvement for lymph nodes 〉20 mm was only 40%. We suggest that many reports dealing with the prediction of malignancy in axillary lymph nodes may have used misleading basic assumptions, so the results of these studies must be viewed critically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002689910088
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A head-to-head comparison between technetium-99m-tetrofosmin and technetium-99m-MIBI scintigraphy to evaluate suspicious breast lesions (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 26 (1999), S. 1553-1559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words:Technetium-99m-tetrofosmin ; 99mTc-MIBI ; Breast cancer ; Scintimammography ; Breast tumour diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of technetium-99m-tetrofosmin and technetium-99m-MIBI in a head-to-head comparison. Both radiopharmaceuticals are routinely used for detecting breast cancer. In a prospective, open, diagnostic trial, the two radiopharmaceuticals were administered randomly on different days to the same 101 women suffering from 103 breast tumours. Planar images and single photon emission computer tomography (SPET) were performed. After histological examination of the tumours, sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive value were compared. 99mTc-tetrofosmin and 99mTc-MIBI showed low sensitivity in planar images (44% vs 46%, respectively). SPET improved sensitivity (70% vs 69%, respectively). Specificity in planar images was 83% and 87%, and it was even lower using SPET (70% vs 78%, respectively). Positive predictive value in planar images was 76% vs 81%, and it was not changed by SPET. Negative predictive value was low in planar images (54% vs 57%, respectively), but it was improved by using SPET (65% vs 67%, respectively). In conclusion, 99mTc-tetrofosmin and 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy show similar diagnostic value in assessing suspicious breast lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002590050494
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    99m-Tc-tetrofosmin scintigraphy for the evaluation of suspicious palpable and non-palpable breast lesions (2000)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 62 (2000), S. 253-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; 99m-Tc-tetrofosmin ; whole-body scintigraphy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose.To assess the value of 99m-Tc-tetrofosmin (tetrofosmin) scintigraphy in patients with palpable and non-palpable breast lesions. Patients and methods.Prospective, blinded trial. One hundred and fifty-nine consecutive patients with 163 breast lesions detected by clinical examination and mammography were included. Tetrofosmin scintigraphy of the breast was performed additionally to the regular diagnostic procedure. Using histologic assessment as the golden standard, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for tetrofosmin scintigraphy of the breast were assessed. Results.Overall sensitivity and specificity were 82% and 84%. The sensitivity for palpable tumors (65%) was 93% compared to 62% for non-palpable breast lesions. Malignant lesions were nearly twice as big as benign lesions (31.5 mm± 2.4 vs. 16.9 mm ± 2.4). Specificity, positive and negative predictive value (84%, 89%, and 66%) did not differ significantly in palpable versus non-palpable tumors. Of malignant tumors 18% were found false negative by tetrofosmin scintigraphy. Conclusion.The results suggest that tetrofosmin scintigraphy is a valuable tool for the evaluation of palpable breast cancer. In patients with non-palpable tumors, tetrofosmin scintigraphy may not add to the work-up of patients with breast cancer due to a low sensitivity rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006442622417
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local feedback mechanisms in human breast cancer (2000)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 63 (2000), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: feedback mechanisms ; paracrine regulation ; breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Breast function and development are controlled by a variety of both local and systemic signals. Many of these signals are exerted by hormones and cytokines which are believed to be effectors in autoregulatory feedback loops. Recent studies have also suggested the involvement of such mechanisms in human breast cancer. For example, the disruption of a negative feedback system by malignant transformation can result in the loss of growth control or in increased malignant behavior of tumor cells. Conversely, pathological positive feedback loops can develop that enhance tumor growth and invasion by excessive release of stimulatory factors. These loops are often located at the site of tumor invasion and involve stromal–epithelial interactions. They can be composed of mutually stimulating or inhibiting cytokines and may include locally expressed sex steroids. Although most studies have concentrated on cell–cell interactions at the site of the primary tumor, a number of observations indicate their importance in metastases as well. A thorough analysis of the regulatory mechansims within a malignant tumor is essential for the understanding of its unique behavior and for the investigation of more specific breast cancer therapies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006430202101
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human papilloma virus DNA: A factor in the pathogenesis of mammary Paget's disease? (1996)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 41 (1996), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; dot (slot) blot hybridization ; HPV DNA ; mammary Paget's disease ; Paget's disease ; PCR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The paraffin sections from 20 nipples with Paget's disease (10 central intraductal and 10 invasive ductal carcinomas) were analyzed for human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA of the low- and intermediate/high-risk groups. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and dot (slot) blot hybridization were used for the detection of HPV DNA types 6/11/16/18/31/33/35. In addition, we examined the c-erbB-2 oncogene expression in the specimens to differentiate benign cells in the surface epithelium of the nipple and areola from Paget cells. We found that the oncogene expression of the c-erbB-2 displayed a strong signal in the Paget cells. Using PCR and dot (slot) blot hybridization, we could not detect the HPV DNAs that are specific for the low- and intermediate/high riskgroups in the 20 cases of Paget's disease. Our results showed for the first time that this type of virus did not contribute to the pathogenesis of Paget's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01807036
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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