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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An integrative model of regulation centered on recognition of TCR peptide/MHC complexes (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Immunological reviews 182 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: We have described a T-cell receptor (TCR)-centered model of immune regulation, in which MHC/TCR peptide complexes provide for the activation of regulatory T cells and likewise act as their target structures. In this model, the disease-causing effectors are TCR Vβ8.2+ and each of the required CD4 and CD8 regulatory T-cell populations are specific for different conserved regions of the Vβ8.2 chain, in the appropriate MHC context. We have characterized the dominance, the dynamics as well as the TCR usage of both effector and regulatory T cells. We have begun to characterize the essential elements of the regulatory program, including the mechanism of interaction among effector and regulatory T-cell populations. Principles learned in this model have important implications for immune regulation in general.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-065X.2001.1820109.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determinant spreading during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: is it potentiating, protecting or participating in the disease? (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Immunological reviews 164 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: During many autoimmune conditions, a T-cell response initially focused to a self-antigen evolves towards the recruitment of T cells to multiple antigenic determinants. Here we discuss whether such determinant spreading involves T cells activated in the peripheral lymphoid organs, or alternatively, whether the diversification occurs after infiltration of the initiating T cells into the target organ, for example, into the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a prototype for multiple sclerosis. The expression of myelin antigens in the thymus and spleen may not only contribute to the induction of tolerance but also to determinant spreading. In this case, the outcome of in vivo diversification may ultimately be determined by the balance between type 1 and type 2 responses to antigenic determinants derived from myelin components. Thus, spreading T cells could modulate disease progression positively or negatively, depending upon the nature of the accompanying cytokine secretion profile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.1998.tb01209.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Understanding global teleconnections of climate to regional model estimates of Amazon ecosystem carbon fluxes (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: We have investigated global teleconnections of climate to regional satellite-driven observations for prediction of Amazon ecosystem production, in the form of monthly estimates of net carbon exchange over the period 1982–1998 from the NASA–CASA (Carnegie–Ames–Stanford) biosphere model. This model is driven by observed surface climate and monthly estimates of vegetation leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of absorbed PAR (fraction of photosynthetically active radiation, FPAR) generated from the NOAA satellite advanced very high-resolution radiometer (AVHRR) and similar sensors. Land surface AVHRR data processing using modified moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer radiative transfer algorithms includes improved calibration for intra- and intersensor variations, partial atmospheric correction for gaseous absorption and scattering, and correction for stratospheric aerosol effects associated with volcanic eruptions. Results from our analysis suggest that anomalies of net primary production and net ecosystem production predicted from the NASA–CASA model over large areas of the Amazon region east of 60°W longitude are strongly correlated with the Southern Oscillation index. Extensive areas of the south-central Amazon show strong linkages of the FPAR and the NASA–CASA anomaly record to the Arctic Oscillation index, which help confirm a strong relation to southern Atlantic climate anomalies, with associated impacts on Amazon rainfall patterns. Processes are investigated for these teleconnections of global climate to Amazon ecosystem carbon fluxes and regional land surface climate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00752.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Major disturbance events in terrestrial ecosystems detected using global satellite data sets (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 9 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Ecosystem scientists have yet to develop a proven methodology to monitor and understand major disturbance events and their historical regimes at a global scale. This study was conducted to evaluate patterns in an 18-year record of global satellite observations of vegetation phenology from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) as a means to characterize major ecosystem disturbance events and regimes. The fraction absorbed of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) by vegetation canopies worldwide has been computed at a monthly time interval from 1982 to 1999 and gridded at a spatial resolution of 0.5° latitude/longitude. Potential disturbance events of large extent (〉 0.5 Mha) were identified in the FPAR time series by locating anomalously low values (FPAR-LO) that lasted longer than 12 consecutive months at any 0.5° pixel. We find that nearly 400 Mha of the global land surface could be identified with at least one FPAR-LO event over the 18-year time series. The majority of these potential disturbance events occurred in tropical savanna and shrublands or in boreal forest ecosystem classes. Verification of potential disturbance events from our FPAR-LO analysis was carried out using documented records of the timing of large-scale wildfires at locations throughout the world. Disturbance regimes were further characterized by association analysis with historical climate anomalies. Assuming accuracy of the FPAR satellite record to characterize major ecosystem disturbance events, we estimate that nearly 9 Pg of carbon could have been lost from the terrestrial biosphere to the atmosphere as a result of large-scale ecosystem disturbance over this 18-year time series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00648.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determinant Flanking Regions and the Design of Appropriate Vaccines (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 754 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44437.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parallel Formulations of Decision-Tree Classification Algorithms (1999)
    Springer
    Data mining and knowledge discovery 3 (1999), S. 237-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-756X
    Keywords: data mining ; parallel processing ; classification ; scalability ; decision trees
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Classification decision tree algorithms are used extensively for data mining in many domains such as retail target marketing, fraud detection, etc. Highly parallel algorithms for constructing classification decision trees are desirable for dealing with large data sets in reasonable amount of time. Algorithms for building classification decision trees have a natural concurrency, but are difficult to parallelize due to the inherent dynamic nature of the computation. In this paper, we present parallel formulations of classification decision tree learning algorithm based on induction. We describe two basic parallel formulations. One is based on Synchronous Tree Construction Approach and the other is based on Partitioned Tree Construction Approach. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using these methods and propose a hybrid method that employs the good features of these methods. We also provide the analysis of the cost of computation and communication of the proposed hybrid method. Moreover, experimental results on an IBM SP-2 demonstrate excellent speedups and scalability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009832825273
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Document Categorization and Query Generation on the World Wide Web Using WebACE (1999)
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence review 13 (1999), S. 365-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7462
    Keywords: clustering ; divisive partitioning ; graph partitioning ; principal component analysis ; web documents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We present WebACE, an agent for exploring and categorizing documents onthe World Wide Web based on a user profile. The heart of the agent is anunsupervised categorization of a set of documents, combined with a processfor generating new queries that is used to search for new relateddocuments and for filtering the resulting documents to extract the onesmost closely related to the starting set. The document categories are notgiven a priori. We present the overall architecture and describe twonovel algorithms which provide significant improvement over HierarchicalAgglomeration Clustering and AutoClass algorithms and form the basis forthe query generation and search component of the agent. We report on theresults of our experiments comparing these new algorithms with moretraditional clustering algorithms and we show that our algorithms are fastand sacalable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006592405320
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parallel depth first search. Part I. Implementation (1987)
    Springer
    International journal of parallel programming 16 (1987), S. 479-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7640
    Keywords: Parallel formulation ; depth-first search ; work distribution schemes ; state-space trees
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a parallel formulation of depth-first search which retains the storage efficiency of sequential depth-first search and can be mapped on to anyMIMD architecture. To study its effectiveness it has been implemented to solve the 15-puzzle problem on three commercially available multiprocessors—Sequent Balance 21000, the Intel Hypercube and BBN Butterfly. We have been able to achieve fairly linear speedup on Sequent up to 30 processors (the maximum configuration available) and on the Intel Hypercube andBBN Butterfly up to 128 processors (the maximum configurations available). Many researchers considered the ring architecture to be quite suitable for parallel depth-first search. Our experimental results show that hypercube and sharedmemory architectures are significantly better. At the heart of our parallel formulation is a dynamic work distribution scheme that divides the work between different processors. The effectiveness of the parallel formulation is strongly influenced by the work distribution scheme and architectural features such as presence/absence of shared memory, the diameter of the network, relative speed of the communication network, etc. In a companion paper,(1) we analyze the effectiveness of different load-balancing schemes and architectures, and also present new improved work distribution schemes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01389000
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parallel depth first search. Part II. Analysis (1987)
    Springer
    International journal of parallel programming 16 (1987), S. 501-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7640
    Keywords: Parallel algorithm ; depth-first search ; isoefficiency function ; work distribution schemes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents the analysis of a parallel formulation of depth-first search. At the heart of this parallel formulation is a dynamic work-distribution scheme that divides the work between different processors. The effectiveness of the parallel formulation is strongly influenced by the work-distribution scheme and the target architecture. We introduce the concept of isoefficiency function to characterize the effectiveness of different architectures and work-distribution schemes. Many researchers considered the ring architecture to be quite suitable for parallel depth-first search. Our analytical and experimental results show that hypercube and shared-memory architectures are significantly better. The analysis of previously known work-distribution schemes motivated the design of substantially improved schemes for ring and shared-memory architectures. In particular, we present a work-distribution algorithm that guarantees close to optimal performance on a shared-memory/ω-network-with-message-combining architecture (e.g. RP3). Much of the analysis presented in this paper is applicable to other parallel algorithms in which work is dynamically shared between different processors (e.g., parallel divide-and-conquer algorithms). The concept of isoefficiency is useful in characterizing the scalability of a variety of parallel algorithms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01389001
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic vaccination: The advantages of going naked (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 2 (1996), S. 857-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Novel vaccination methods reflect the arrival of new technologies. Traditional subunit vaccines composed of designer peptides that induce a desired lymphocyte population have been overshadowed by the recent excitement surrounding vaccines composed of naked DNA that provide long-lasting cellular and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0896-857
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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