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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Augmented Antigen Presentation by Mouse Ia+ T Clone Cells BK-BI–2.6.O4.1 Mediated by Transferrin Receptors (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The murine T clone cells BK-BI–2.6.O4.1 (BI/O4.1) synthesize and express MHC class II molecules constitutively. BI/O4.1 cells are able to present various protein antigens to antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. However, a 10-fold higher concentration of antigen is needed to activate specific T cells to lymphokine secretion by BI/O4.1 cells in comparison with spleen cells or with the more homogeneous population of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMph). The authors tested whether the reduced antigen presentation potential of BI/O4.1 cells was augmented by transferrin- mediated uptake of the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) coupled to human ferric transferrin. It was shown that 240-fold less OVA was sufficient to induce proliferation of an OVA-specific T-cell clone when the conjugate and not native OVA was used. The presence of ferric TF in the cultures competitively inhibited this effect of the conjugate. A similar shift in the dose–response curve to lower doses of antigen was induced by the conjugate when B lymphoma cells were used as antigen-presenting cells. BMMph and P388D1 cells processed and presented the conjugate with similar efficiency as native OVA, although both cell types exposed transferrin receptors. These data suggest that the reduced antigen presentation potential of BI/O4.1 T clone cells is due to the inefficient uptake of OVA by pinocytosis and delivery into the processing compartment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-77.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diminished Contact Hypersensitivity Response in IL-4 Deficient Mice at a Late Phase of the Elicitation Reaction (1997)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 45 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is thought to depend on the activation of T cells of Th1 and/or Tc1 type. The role of Th2/Tc2 cells in the contact allergic reaction is not clear. The aim of this study was to analyse the functional contribution of Th2/Tc2 cells in CHS using the interleukin-4 (IL-4) deficient mouse model. Interleukin-4 deficient (IL4T) and control (wt) mice were sensitized by epicutaneous application of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. The ear swelling response measured 24 h after challenge was similar in IL4T and control mice. However, from 48 h onwards, ear swelling values were significantly reduced in IL4T mice. The stimulatory capacity of freshly isolated as well as 3-day cultured epidermal cells, prepared from IL4T and wt mice, for allogeneic T cells in a primary and secondary response, was comparable. The reduced number of T cell receptor (TCR) γδ+ cells observed in epidermal sheets prepared from IL4T mice was not responsible for the decreased ear swelling response in IL4T mice, because the use of TCR δ deficient mice lacking TCR γδ+ cells revealed a down-regulatory role of this cell population in the CHS response. The data indicate that the effector stage of the CHS response can be subdivided into two phases. The first phase proceeds efficiently in IL-4 deficient mice indicating the dependence on Th1/Tc1 cells, while the second phase does not develop in mice lacking IL-4, suggesting the possibility that Th2/Tc2 cells intensify the reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-402.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maturation of epidermal Langerhans cells: increased experssion of β-and γ-actin isoforms as a basis of specialized cell functions (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 8 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) represent immature dendritic cells. During in vitro culture in the presence of keratinocytes they mature into potenet immunostimulatory cells for naive T cells. This process is thought to simulate in vivo maturation of LC following activation by antigen contect. Maturation of LC is accompanied by morphological alteration. Applying a differential screening procedure we isolated differentially expressed cDNAs involved in the maturation events including cDNAs of the cytoskeletal actin isoforms β-and γ-actin. Stronger signals with hybridization probes derived from cultured LC compared with probes derived from freshly isolated LC indicate upregulation of actin expression. Upregulated expression of actin was confirmed by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis. Staining with flurescence-labelled and increase in F-actin levels in cultured LC. Thus our data show that maturation of LC, which involves formation of dendritic structures and movement of formerly immobile cell, is accompanied by augmented expresion of actin and formation of additional actin filaments. Furthermore, actin mRNA, often used as reference to assess mRNA amounts for Northern blotting or competitive RT-PCR because of its high and ubiquitous expression is an inappropriate standard for the analysis of LC and DC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1999.tb00307.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the (H-2b× H-2k)F1Restricted Response to Insulin (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 20 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of these studies was to characterize the (H-2b× H-2k)F1-unique restriction element(s) responsible for presentation of bovine insulin (BI) to a long-term cultured T-cell line (BK-BI-1.2). (B10.BR × bm12)F1 spleen cells, which express a normal Abα Akβ molecule but a mutated Akα AAbm12β product on their cell surface, were perfectly able to act as BI-presenting cells. Antibody inhibition experiments with antibodies directed at I-Ak products revealed that monoclonal antibody 10–2.16, which reacts with the Akβ polypeptide chain, abrogated BI-directed T-cell proliferation, whereas antibody H116–32.R5 with specificity for the Akα chain was not inhibitory. These results identified the AbαAkβ complex as restriction structure. Recognition of BI in the context of the Abα Akβ molecule depended on the glutamic acid residue in position 4 of the A chain of bovine insulin. Twenty to twenty-five percent of the secondary proliferative response of (B10 × B10.BR)F1 lymph node T cells primed with BI in vivo was directed at the A4 determinant, suggesting that BK-BI-1.2 T blasts are representative of T-cell clones with measurable frequency. In (B10.BR × bm12)F1 mice, which lack a functional Abα Abβ restriction element, up to 80% of the proliferative response was dependent on the A4 epitope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1984.tb00982.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of Transcripts of the T Cell Antigen Receptor β Chain Gene and Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Genes in Antigen-Presenting Cloned BK-BI-2.6.C6 Cells (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 27 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cloned murine cell line BK-B1-2.6.C6 has previously been shown to exhibit T cell characteristics, to synthesize and express MHC class II molecules, and to present protein antigens to antigen-dependent I cell clones. As a more definitive proof of the T-cell nature of these cells, transcripts of the rearranged T cell antigen receptor (TcR) β gene were assessed by Northern bios analysis. BK-BI-2.6.C6 cells constitutively transcribe mRNA for the light chain of TcR and express the disulphide-linked α,β TcR heterodimer at the cell surface. In addition mRNA For the polymorphic MHC class II subunits Aα and Aβ as well as for the invariant γ chain were detected. BK-BI-2.6.C6T cells effectively stimulated bovine insulin-reactive T hybridoma cells to lymphokine production in the presence of this antigen. Since the antigen-presenting and the responding T cell populations are maintained in culture in the absence of feeder cells, contamination by conventional accessory cells is excluded. These data unequivocally demonstrate that cloned murine Ia-expressing T cells can act as antigen-presenting accessory cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb02327.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of Interleukin 2 Receptor Expression by Interleukin 2 (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 23 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The regulatory influence of Interleukin 2 (IL-2) on the expression of IL-2 receptors (IL.-2R) was studied using long-term cultured T-cell lines and recombinant IL-2 (r-IL-2). Three T-cell lines with different growth requirements were used as model systems: insulin-specific BK-BI-1.2 cells express IL-2R transiently after antigenic restimulation, ovalbumin-reactive BK-OVA-1R cells express IL-2R permanently, and BK-BI-2.6.C6 cells bear IL-2R constilutively but do not exhibit antigen reactivity. All three T-cell lines exhibited the property of increased IL-2R expression in the presence of r-IL-2, as tested by cyto-fluoromelry employing monoclonal antibody AMT-13 directed at the murine IL-2R. IL-2R density was influenced selectively by r-IL-2. because the level of Thy-1.2 molecules was similar in the presence and absence of r-IL-2. With BK-BI-2.6.C6 cells, r-IL-2 was shown to upregulate high-affinity receptors. Since BK-BI-2.6.C6 and BK-OVA-IR cells were grown in the absence of feeder cells, these data show that r-IL-2 can regulate the expression of its own receptor without the participation of monokines. Results obtained with the T-cell line BK-BI-1.2, representing insulin-specific T cells with transient IL-2R expression, show that the presence of r-IL-2 did not prevent a decline in IL-2R density occurring on day 5 after antigenic stimulus. This indicates that additional mechanisms besides antigen- and IL-2-induced IL-2R upregulation are operative in controlling IL-2R density on the cell surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb02006.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferation and MHC-unrestricted bystander lysis by virus-specific cytotoxic T cells following antigen self-presentation (1998)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 187 (1998), S. 17-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Keywords: Key words Antigen self-presentation ; Bystander lysis ; Cytomegalovirus ; Cytotoxic T cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cytotoxic T cells (CTL) not only act as effector cells, but can also serve as antigen-presenting cells (APC) for other CTL due to their expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. In the present study we show that independently derived CTL lines (CTLL) with specificity for an Ld-presented nonapeptide corresponding to amino acids 168–176 of the immediate-early 1 (IE1) protein of murine cytomegalovirus not only lyse syngeneic but also allogeneic target cells, if the peptide is present during the cytolytic assay. Whereas a short peptide pulse is sufficient to render syngeneic cells susceptible to lysis, continued presence of soluble peptide is mandatory for the lysis of allogeneic target cells. This indicates a difference in the mechanisms involved. Syngeneic BALB/c B cell blasts (KdDdLd) and mutant BALB/ c-H-2dm2 B cell blasts lacking the restricting Ld molecules (KdDd0) were lysed to a similar extent in the absence of the IE1 nonapeptide, provided that the IE1-specific CTL had been pre-incubated with the peptide before the cytolytic assay. Since the mutant cells cannot present the IE1 peptide, their lysis indicates an MHC-unrestricted, peptide-independent mode of recognition by the CTLL. In addition, proliferation of the CTLL takes place after incubation with the cognate peptide, even in the absence of professional APC. These data indicate inter-CTL antigen self-presentation, resulting in activation of the lytic machinery leading to peptide-independent bystander lysis of allogeneic as well as syngeneic target cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004300050070
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computational considerations for the study of defects in solids (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 84 (1993), S. 353-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Defects ; Solids ; Non-metals ; MIMD parallelism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A general method for the study of point and extended defects in non-metals has been formulated and a substantial computer program generated to allow the study of such systems in a routine manner. This method requires only a single ansatz; this is the effect of the defect in question is appreciable only in the immediate proximity of the defect. Beyond this region, the influence of the defect may be obtained from a simple response theory, which may be linear but is not required to be so. This response is manifested as a displacement of the ion cores and by the polarization of these atoms. This situation is considered in a mathematically rigorous extension of the local orbitals method of Adams-Gilbert-Kunz, using the approach defined by Kunz-Klein. This approach ultimately defines the system in terms of building blocks for the system, which may be defined in some arbitrary way. These building blocks form a natural point for parallelization of a computer code, and such has been simply accomplished. Each building block in turn is studied using slightly modified quantum chemical techniques at the Hartree-Fock and Moller-Plesset levels. These techniques are also parallelizable and such has been done. Thus a potential two levels of parallelization may be used here, and this makes possible an ultimate use of large-scale MIMD parallelism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01113274
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An approximation method for eigenvectors of very large matrices (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of scientific computing 6 (1991), S. 251-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7691
    Keywords: Eigenvalue ; eigenvector ; Monte-Carlo methods ; Hamiltonian matrix
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A Monte-Carlo approach for solving huge, dense matrices for eigenvalues and eigenvectors is proposed. The matrix must satisfy certain conditions including a smooth density of diagonal elements curve and relatively constant off-diagonal elements. The approach simply involves randomly choosing a finite order (as large as computationally possible) subset matrix from the original matrix and then diagonalizing the subset. The results are crude, but often informative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062812
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential energy curves for NiH and NiH2 (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 11 (1977), S. 725-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The potential energy curves for the NiH and linear HNiH molecules resulting from the 3d84s2 and 3d94s configuration of nickel are calculated using the unrestricted Hartree-Fock and perfect pairing generalized valence bond methods. NiH bonding in the 3d84s2 configuration is by means of an sp hybrid orbital which comes from the 4s2 shell leaving a singly occupied nonbonding orbital free to bond to another hydrogen atom. The bond to the 3d94s configuration contains primarily the 4s orbital leaving an empty orbital in the nickel 3d shell which in turn bonds very weakly with another hydrogen. These results are compared to similar studies of the hydrogen atom on Sc, Mn and Cu and some implications for hydrocarbon catalysis are considered.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560110504
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