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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 47 (1997), S. 2-4 
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Drug-metabolizing enzymes ; Liver ; Rat ; Hepatocarcinogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The expression, inducibility, and regulation of four different cytochrome (cyt.) P-450 isoenzymes (PB1, PB2, MC1, and MC2) NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, the glutathione transferases (GSTs) B and C and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEHb) have been studied during nitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis using immunohistochemical techniques. The investigations revealed basic differences in the expression of the individual drug metabolizing enzymes in the course of neoplastic development. While the two GSTs and mEHb were increased in all preneoplastic and benign neoplastic lesions, the levels of the distinct cyt. P-450 isoenzymes were characteristically different from each other. Following initial changes in the expression of these enzymes in early preneoplastic lesions (i. e., increase of cyt. P-450 PB1 versus slight decrease of the other cyt. P-450 isoenzymes), a continuous reduction of all cyt. P-450 isoenzymes was observed during the further course of hepatocarcinogenesis. In progressed neoplastic nodules, all cyt. P-450-isoenzymes and NADPH cyt. P-450 reductase were decreased to varying extents. Treatment of animals with inducers of the monooxygenase system, such as phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene and polychlorinated biphenyls, led to a rather heterogenous pattern of enzyme alterations in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Following administration of phenobarbital, some islets responded to the same degree as the surrounding tissue, others were less or not at all inducible and a few of the lesions showed a prominent increase in cyt. P-450 PB2 and NADPH-cyt. P-450 reductase levels. The interesting finding that these two enzymes always showed concurrent changes may be indicative of a common regulation. Similar to phenobarbital, an induction of cyt. P-450 isoenzymes within carcinogen-induced lesions was also observed following administration of 3-methyl-cholanthrene or polychlorinated biphenyls. The results demonstrate that drug-metabolizing enzymes are abnormally regulated in carcinogen-induced lesions. The multiplicity of enzyme deviations within individual lesions and especially the enzyme inducibility strongly suggest that the focal enzyme alterations result from genotoxic effects of the carcinogen on regulatory systems of a higher order rather than from mutational events in individual structural genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 111 (1972), S. 307-314 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Cephalexin ; Oracef®
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 45 Kinder im Alter von 3 Wochen bis 14 Jahren wurden mit Cephalexin oral in einer mittleren Dosis von 27,4 mg/kg in 6–8stündigen Abständen behandelt. Die Behandlungsdauer betrug 14–21 Tage. Indikation zur Behandlung waren in 19 Fällen Pyelonephritiden, in 11 Fällen Luftwegsinfekte, in 15 Fällen verschiedene Infektionen. Die klinischen und bakteriologischen Resultate waren bei den Pyelonephritiden sehr gut, bei den anderen Gruppen, soweit objektivierbar, gut. Im Anschluß an die erste Cephalexin-Gabe wurden Blut-und Urinkonzentrationen bestimmt. Maximale Serumkonzentrationen von 25,15 mcg/ml wurden jenseits des 1. Lebensjahres nach 1 Std, bei Säuglingen erst nach 2 Std und wesentlich niedriger (9,82 mcg/ml) erreicht. Die Urinkonzentrationen überstiegen in 38 von 42 Fällen 1000 mcg/ml. Zu Beginn, während und am Ende der Therapie wurden die Hämatopoese, die Leber- und Nierenfunktionen überprüft. Es kam zu signifikanten Verminderungen der Leukocyten und Neutrophilen, zum Anstieg der Eosinophilen, der SGOT, SGPT und des Harnstoffes i. S. Alle Werte bleiben jedoch innerhalb der Normgrenze.
    Notes: Abstract Oral cephalexin was used in 45 children, aged 3 weeks to 14 years in a medium dose of 27.4 mg/kg repeated every 6–8 hrs in 19 cases of pyelonephritis, 11 cases of pulmonary infection and 15 cases of various infections for an average of 14–21 days. Clinical and bacteriological results were excellent in UTI, favourable in the other groups, as far as to be objectivated. During the first hours of therapy blood and urine concentrations were measured. Maximum concentrations in serum after a single dose were reached by children older than 1 year after 1 hr with 25.15 mcg/ml, in infants only after 2 hrs with only 9.82 mcg/ml. Urine concentrations exceeded 1000 mcg/ml in 38 out of 42 patients. WBC and neutrophils were disminished, SGOT, SGPT and blood urea elevated, but remained within normal limits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of combinatorics 3 (1999), S. 475-481 
    ISSN: 0219-3094
    Keywords: 60J15 ; 82B41 ; random walks ; graphs ; adjacency matrix
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The problem of a restricted random walk on graphs, which keeps track of the number of immediate reversal steps, is considered by using a transfer matrix formulation. A closed-form expression is obtained for the generating function of the number ofn-step walks withr reversal steps for walks on any graph. In the case of graphs of a uniform valence, we show that our result has a probabilistic meaning, and deduce explicit expressions for the generating function in terms of the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix. Applications to periodic lattices and the complete graph are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 4128-4133 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A red wing in the absorption of H2O in the first continuum which extends beyond 200 nm is induced by the matrix. A threshold energy of 6.95 eV is found for the quantum efficiency of permanent dissociation of H2O into OH and H. This corresponds to an additional barrier of 1.8 eV due to the matrix cage. The barrier is attributed to the sum of repulsive H–Ar pair potentials in an interstitial site of D3 symmetry, which has to be surmounted by the H atom on the way from the initial substitutional H2O site to the final stable Oh site of the abstracted H atom.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 1039-1045 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A structureless band observed at 180 nm in the absorption and excitation spectra of Cl2/Ar matrices is tentatively assigned as the spin forbidden 3Σ+u ← X 1Σ+g transition of molecular chlorine. Having an absorption cross section of approximately 10−18 cm2 in the solid, a twofold order of magnitude increase in the transition probability is observed relative to the gas phase. Wavelength specific measurements of the photodissociation of molecular chlorine in crystalline argon samples showed that a dominant threshold exists in the 130 nm band at 9.2 eV corresponding to absorption into the bound 1 1Σ+u state. The maximum quantum yield for permanent dissociation in the 130 nm band was found to be 0.3. Luminescence evidence indicates that this dissociation does not involve a charge-transfer mechanism but a crossing from the bound 1 1Σ+u state to a repulsive potential on which an impulsive cage escape occurs. Photoexcitation in the 180 nm band also results in the permanent dissociation of chlorine as well as the molecular A→X emission. The dissociation efficiency of this band was found however to be significantly less than in the 130 nm band and very sample preparation dependent, viz., sample crystallinity. In crystalline samples dissociation efficiencies were typically two orders of magnitude less than in noncrystalline samples. No dissociation occurs following excitation into the lower energy 1Π(1u) band at 300 nm irrespective of sample preparation conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 6020-6028 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synchrotron radiation excitation and emission spectra with lifetime measurements are reported for the first time in the VUV region for systems consisting of Cl2 molecules trapped in a neon matrix, an argon matrix, and mixed Ar/Ne matrices. In pure neon, the emission spectrum of the D'→A' "laser'' transition at 4.7 eV of the Cl2 molecule is vibrationally well resolved and constitutes an interesting example of UV spectroscopy of a matrix "isolated'' molecule. In pure argon or mixed Ar/Ne matrices, new broad emissions at 4.1, 3.8, and 3.5 eV are clearly identified, which result from the specific interaction between Cl@B|2 and Ar and are attributed to different charge–transfer states of the ArCl+Cl− entity. The Ar concentration dependence and the time-gated spectra are shown to be especially useful in interpreting the large differences observed between the pure neon and the pure argon matrix case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 9 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Recently, Gill and Kunz (1979, 1980) reported an MHC-linked recessive mutation in the rat, grc, which causes reduced viability and male sterility. Using a mouse anti-tsemilethal antiserum and a rat anti-grc antiserum, we have obtained evidence that the grc haplotype codes for t-antigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The MHC restriction criteria for T cells activating macrophages in vivo and mediating antimicrobiol resistance to Listeria monocytogenes were determined. Antimicribiol resistance could be transferred by T cell in order of decreasing efficiency from syngeneic. RT1A. compatible, RTI.B compatible and RT1 incompatible donors. Alloreactive T cells responding to either A locus or B locus encoded antigens in a graft-versus-host reaction were also able to activate macrophages. Approximately five times as many MLC-reactive precursors responded to B locus alloantigens as to A locus alloantigens, but A-resticted Listeria-specific T cells wre considerably more numerous (or more efficient) in Listeriainfected hosts than were B-restricted, Listeria-specific T cells. This was unexpected, since A-restricted, Listeria-specific T cells failed to transfer delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) to soluble bacterial antigens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study nvestigates the dicordance between the restriction criteria required for the transfer of cellular resistance to Listeria monocytogenes (LM) and those for the transfer of delayed type hypersensitivity to Listeria antigens. Infective bacteria elicity both RTl.A-restricted T cells and RT1.B.-restricted T cells. Both populations of t cells mediate lymphoblast localization and macrophage accumulation, which are reactions characteristic of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), and cause macrophage activation with rapid and efficient bacterial elimination, which is an expression of cellular resistance. If alcohol-killed Listeria organisms (pLMA) are injected, only the RTl.B-restricted T cell subset is triggered. Direct comparison of lymphoblast localization in LM infection sites and the expression of resistance of resistance revealed that efficient resistance may be mediated by small numbers of lymphoblasts and that below a certain threshold there is no correlation between lymphoblast localization and the level of resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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