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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    European VOC Emission Estimates Evaluated by Measurements and Model Calculations (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 28 (1997), S. 173-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: volatile hydrocarbons ; observations and computer modelling ; tropospheric concentrations ; long range transport ; emission validation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Observations and model calculations of the concentration of hydrocarbonsat five Scandinavian rural sites during March–June 1993are reported.Decreasing concentrations from March to June are observedat all sites. The highest concentrations of hydrocarbons were found in air massescoming in from the southwest to southeast, indicating that long rangetransport fromcontinental Europe and the U.K. is important in pollution episodes. An episode of elevated concentrations of hydrocarbons observed at three of the sites in the middle of Marchis described and discussed in relation to the synoptic situation and thepresenceof other chemical compounds (NO2, PAN, total nitrate andozone).A Lagrangian numerical model is used to calculate the concentrations of theindividual hydrocarbons at the fivesites and comparison with observations is made.The calculated concentrations for nonmethane hydrocarbons with quite longchemicallifetimes agree well with the observations.For the sum of observed and calculated hydrocarbons the correlationcoefficientsare in the range of 0.65–0.88 for the five sitesand the ratio between calculated and measured concentrations was0.72–0.97, indicating thatthe European VOC emission inventory is quite well estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005859027649
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gaseous and Particulate Oxidized and Reduced Nitrogen Species in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer in Scandinavia in Spring (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 30 (1998), S. 241-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: total nitrate ; total ammonium ; ozone ; filter pack ; denuder ; numerical modelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Observations of the concentration of several nitrogen containing compounds at five rural Scandinavian sites during March–June 1993 are reported. Total nitrate (NO 3 - + HNO3) and total ammonium (NH 4 + + NH3) were measured by denuder and filter pack. In general the methods agree well. At all sites the particulate fraction dominated, with the largest fraction of NO 3 - and the lowest of NH 4 + at the sites which were closest to the emission sources. The fraction of NO 3 - of total nitrate increased with increasing NO2 concentrations, indicating that the nighttime conversion of NO2 to NO 3 - is an important route of formation for NO 3 - . A positive correlation was found between HNO3 and O3 in June at all sites, while no correlation was found early in the spring. Model calculations were made with a lagrangian boundary layer photooxidant model for the whole period, and compared to the measured concentrations. The calculated ratio between mean observed and modelled daily maximum concentrations of ozone over the measurement period were within +/−10% at all sites. The models ability to describe the daily ozone maximum concentration was satisfactory with an average deviation of 19–22% from the observed concentrations. HNO3 was underestimated by over 50% at all sites except the one closest to the emission sources. The correlation between modelled and observed concentrations was generally best for the sites with shortest transport distance from the sources of emission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005901229253
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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