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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a Triacylglycerol Lipase That Liberates Arachidonic Acid from Bovine Chromaffin Cells During Secretion (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 60 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Primary cultures of chromaffin cells from bovine adrenal medullae were used as a model to study lipolytic events during stimulus-secretion coupling. It has been shown that chromaffin cells liberate arachidonic acid in addition to their main secretion product, the catecholamines. To understand more about the mechanism of arachidonic acid liberation, chromaffin cells were labeled with radioactive arachidonic acid, stimulated, and then analyzed for changes in lipid composition. After stimulation with 10−4M acetylcholine, the radioactivity of triacylglycerols decreased to the same extent that the free arachidonic acid level rose. This finding suggests that in bovine chromaffin cells a stimulation-dependent triacylglycerol lipase (triacylglycerol hydrolase; EC 3.1.1.3) is involved in arachidonic acid liberation. Further work was performed on detection, characterization, and isolation of this enzyme. Triacylglycerol lipase activity was found in whole cell homogenates and in plasma membrane fractions isolated from adrenal medullary tissue. The plasma membrane lipase showed a pH optimum of 4.3. The apparent Michaelis constant was determined as 3.3 × 10−4 mol/L. Ca2+ did not influence the enzymatic activity. To differentiate the plasma membrane triacylglycerol lipase from the previously described plasma membrane diacylglycerol lipase of chromaffin cells, the influence of RG 80267, a specific diacylglycerol lipase inhibitor, was examined. RG 80267 (50 μM) inhibited the triacylglycerol lipase by only 24%, although diacylglycerol lipase was totally inhibited with only 20 μM RG 80267. The pH optimum of homogenate lipase was broad, lying between 4 and 7. Starting from the soluble fraction of whole cell homogenates, the triacylglycerol lipase was partially purified by ultracentrifugation and size-exclusion chromatography. The molecular mass of the enzyme as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was found to be between 47 and 57 kDa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb05819.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boundary effects and self-organization in dense granular flows (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 14 (2002), S. 2637-2646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Boundary effects in gravity-driven, dense granular flows down inclined planes are studied using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the flow behavior and structure of the flowing pile changes dramatically as we vary the roughness of the supporting base. For a rough, bumpy base, there are three principal flow regimes that depend on the inclination angle θ: at small angles θ〈θr, where θr is the angle of repose, the system does not flow; for large angles θ〉θmax, where θmax is the maximum angle for which stable, steady state flow exists, the flow is unstable; and for θr〈θ〈θmax, the energy input from gravity is balanced by that dissipated through friction and the system reaches a stable, steady state flow. In the stable regime, we find no slip boundary conditions with a bulk density that is independent of the height above the base. For a chute base that is ordered, the steady state regime splits into a further three distinct flow regimes: at lower angles, the flowing system self-organizes into a state of low-dissipation flow consisting of in-plane ordering in the bulk; at higher angles, a high-dissipation regime similar to that for a rough base but with considerable slip at the bottom is observed; and between these two sub-regions we observe a transitional flow regime characterized by large oscillations in the bulk averaged kinetic energy due to the spontaneous ordering and disordering of the system as a function of time. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1487379
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis and Characterization of the Interleukin 2 Receptor α and β Chain Expression inCD4−CD8− Cells (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 31 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The differential effects that the binding of interleukin 2(IL-2)to its β or αβ receptors might induce in two different CD4− CD8− T-cell lines were analysed. While LDl. T3b, a double-negative T cell derived from MRL/Ipr mice, constitutively expressed high levels of the IL-2R β chain, YAC-1, a Moloney sarcoma virus-transformed CD4− CD8−T cell, expressed (as an activated T cell) the β and α chains. The presence of IL-2 in the culture medium was lethal for LDl. T3b cells, while it had no effect on the growth of YAC-1 cells. IL-2 increased the exprcssion of the β chain and, to a lesser extent, of the α chain in YAC-1 cells. In addition, other markers such as CD4 and CD5 were induced by IL-2 in this celt line.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1990.tb02796.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GENETICS OF AFFECTIVE AND ANXIETY DISORDERS (2006)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Psychology 57 (2006), S. 117-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4308
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: The study of the genetics of complex behaviors has evolved dramatically from the days of the nature versus nurture debates that dominated much of the past century. Here we discuss advances in our understanding of the genetics of affective and anxiety disorders. In particular, we highlight our growing understanding of specific gene-environment interactions that occur during critical periods in development, setting the stage for later behavioral phenotypes. We review the recent literature in the field, focusing on recent advances in our understanding of the role of the serotonin system in establishing normal anxiety levels during development. We emphasize the importance of understanding the effect of genetic variation at the level of functional circuits and provide examples from the literature of how such an approach has been exploited to study novel genetic endpoints, including genetically based variation in response to medication, a potentially valuable phenotype that has not received much attention to date.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190118
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertebrate homologues of C. elegans UNC-5 are candidate netrin receptors (1997)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 386 (1997), S. 833-838 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Complementary DNAs encoding two rat homologues of UNC-5, UNC5H1 and UNC5H2, were isolated from an embryonic-day (E) 18 rat brain cDNA library (see Methods). The predicted proteins show sequence similarity with UNC-5 over the entire length (Fig. la), but are more similar to one another (52% ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/386833a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    G1 heavy chain disease clinicopathological, ultrastructural and immunochemical study of a new case (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 96 (1980), S. 93-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: γ HCD-Plasmazytisches Lymphom ; Immunblastisches Sarkom ; ER-Formationen ; Plasmazytäre Immunglobuline ; γHCD ; Plasmacytic Lymphoma ; Immunoblastic Sarcoma ; ER-Whorls ; Cytoplasmic Immunoglobulins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Clinicopathological ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical findings of a new case of IgG1 heavy chain disease are reported in detail. The abnormal protein lacks the VH and CH1 region with sequence starting at 225 residue. The main pathologic feature was a plasmacytic tumor of the lymph nodes with B-cell immunoblastic sarcoma patterns. Neoplastic diffusion to other organswas also present. Plasmacytic neoplastic cells have also been found in the bone marrow. The ultrastructure of the neoplastic cells was characterized by more or less abundant plasmacytic-like endoplasmic reticulum with very frequent peculiar whorled configurations. Immunohistochemical methods revealed the abnormal protein production by neoplastic cells in different stages of differentiation. From this case and from the data of the literature it is concluded that the γHCD is due to a neoplastic proliferation of lymphoplasmacytic cells whereas the reticulum cells are never involved.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Klinishi-pathologische, ultrastrukturelle und immunhistochemische Befunde von einem Fall der IgG1 Schwerkettenkrankheit werden detailliert beschrieben. Dem Protein fehlt die VH und CH1 Region; die Sequenz beginnt mit dem 225 Rest. Pathologisch-anatomisch befand sich vor allem eine plasmazytische B-Zellgeschwulst der Lympknoten vom Typus eines immunblastischen Sarkoms. Es bestanden neoplastische Infiltrate auch in anderen Organen, darunter dem Knochenmark. Die Ultrastruktur der Geschwulstzellen war durch mehr oder weniger reiches plasmazellähnliches endoplasmatisches Retikulum charakterisiert, häufig mit eigentümlichen konzentrischen Formationen. Die immunhistochemische Untersuchung erwies die Produktion eines abnormalen Proteins in den neoplastischen Zellen verschiedentlichen Differenzierungsgrades. Von diesem sowie von den anderen Fällen der Literatur ergibt sich, daß die γ HCD von der Proliferation und von Tumoren des lympho-plasmazytären Zellsystems verursacht wird, während die Retikulumzellen dabei keine Bedeutung besitzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00412900
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