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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmodesmata (1990)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 41 (1990), S. 369-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.41.060190.002101
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmodesmata in Relation to Viral Movement within Leaf Tissues (1994)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 32 (1994), S. 387-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.32.090194.002131
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthetic Assimilation of Exogenous HCO3 by Aquatic Plants (1983)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology 34 (1983), S. 71-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4294
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.34.060183.000443
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alteration in carbon partitioning induced by the movement protein of tobacco mosaic virus originates in the mesophyll and is independent of change in the plasmodesmal size exclusion limit (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The influence of the 30 kDa movement protein of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV-MP) on carbon partitioning in trans-genie tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) expressing the TMV-MP was investigated. Using reciprocal grafting of transgenic tobacco plants expressing this movement protein and vector control plants, as well as transgenic tobacco plants expressing the TMV-MP in phloem cells only, we showed that the interactive site involved in carbon allocation to roots is localized to the mesophyll tissue. Biomass partitioning experiments conducted on transgenic plants, in which various deletion mutant forms of the TMV-MP (two of which included deletions in the domain responsible for increasing the size exclusion limit) were expressed, revealed that the TMV-MP exerts its influence on carbon allocation via a mechanism that is completely independent of the TMV-MP-induced increase in the plasmodesmal size exclusion limit. Furthermore, small N- and C-terminal deletions in the MP revealed the complexity of the interactions likely to be involved between the MP and an endogenous regulatory mechanism. We propose that the TMV-MP interferes with an endogenous signal transduction pathway that involves macromolecular trafficking through plasmodesmata to regulate biomass partitioning between the source and various sink tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00189.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Virus movement proteins and other molecular probes of plasmodesmal function (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Plasmodesmata exist as supramolecular complexes that interconnect plant cells to form a symplasmic continuum. Microinjection (dye-coupling) studies confirmed the validity of the symplasmic concept by establishing that molecules of up to 1 kDa can pass from cell to cell, via plasmodesmata. Thus, cells can exchange small molecules, such as metabolites and hormones, to coordinate biochemical and physiological processes occurring within tissues. Plasmodesmata also mediate in cell-to-cell transport of macromolecules, including proteins and nucleic acids. This new function was elucidated by studies on virus-plasmodesmata interaction. Plant viruses encode for movement proteins (MPs) that are essential for cell-to-cell spread of infectious material. When expressed in transgenic plants, these MPs are targeted to plasmodesmata and induce a considerable increase in plasmodesmal size exclusion limit (SEL). Studies on mutant MPs confirmed that this increase in SEL is essential for viral infection. Microinjection of MP alone, or together with its conjugate infectious viral transcript, indicated that both the protein and the viral RNA (or DNA) move rapidly from cell to cell. These findings are consistent with the operation of an endogenous plasmodesmal macromolecular transport pathway. Control over this transport pathway has been probed using viral MPs, and the results support the hypothesis that plasmodesmata are involved in the creation of physiological and developmental domains. Elucidation of the molecular constituents involved in the formation and functioning of plasmodesmata will provide valuable insights into the integrated functioning of higher plants, as well as potentiating the development of new strategies for viral resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb00150.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction of foreign DNA into walled plant cells via liposomes injected into the vacuole: a preliminary study (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 79 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Plasmids containing the firefly luciferase reporter gene were introduced into tobacco and maize by electroporation. They were used to calibrate the performance characteristics of an Hamamatsu C1966 AVEC/VIM photonic camera-Leitz photomicroscope image processing system. Luciferin-dependent light emission was readily detected, on an individual cell basis, using the analytical photon counting mode of the Hamamatsu system. An efficient liposome-DNA encapsulation protocol was developed and used to introduce the firefly luciferase plasmid into walled cells of tobacco, maize, carrot and rice. This was achieved by pressure-injecting the liposomes (DNA encapsulated inside the vesicle) into the vacuole where they subsequently fused with the tonoplast, releasing the DNA into the cytoplasm. Analytical photon counting studies were conducted on injected cells to determine whether the DNA introduced in this way was expressed. To date all experiments have proved negative. Reasons for this lack of expression are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb05884.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facilitated ultracytochemical demonstration of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase in peripheral nerve (1980)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 67 (1980), S. 113-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary p-Phenylenediamine/pyrocatechol mixture (PPD-PC) was evaluated as a reagent for the ultracytochemical demonstration of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). HRP crystals were applied to the proximal stumps of the severed infraorbital nerves in rats. After 48 h the rats were sacrificed by perfusion, and the trigeminal ganglia ipsilateral to the severed nerves were processed for HRP cytochemistry and then prepared for electron microscopy. PPD-PC was rapidly oxidized in HRP-labeled neurons to form a dark brown-black osmiophilic reaction product which was more readily visible than the DAB product in the sections. This facilitated selection by light microscopy of areas in the epoxy wafers for ultrathin sectioning. In thin sections viewed under the electron microscope, the osmicated electron opaque PPD-PC reaction product was present in membrane-bound structures including smooth endoplasmic reticulum and granules of various sizes. The PPD-PC reaction product formed after 10-min incubation appeared to be more electron opaque than the DAB reaction product formed after 20 min. PPD-PC was found to be much less readily oxidized than DAB by endogenous hemoproteins. This methodology facilitated the ultracytochemical localization of HRP in neurons following retrograde axonal transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00493230
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial organization of transport domains and subdomain formation in the plasma membrane of Chara corallina (1995)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 147 (1995), S. 275-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Chara ; H+ ATPase ; Spatial organization ; Transport domain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Pattern formation mechanisms in developing organisms determine cellular differentiation and function. However, the components that interact during the manifestation of a spatial pattern are in general unknown. Characean algae represent a model system to study pattern formation. These algae develop alternating acid and alkaline transport domains that influence the pattern of growth. In the present study, it will be demonstrated that a diffusion mechanism is implicated in acid and alkaline domain formation and this growth pattern. Experiments on the characean growth pattern were performed that resulted in pronounced, however, unpredictable modifications in the original pattern. A major component involved in this pattern-forming mechanism emerged from the nonlinear kinetics of the H+-ATPase that is located in the plasma membrane of these algae. Based on these kinetics, a mathematical model was developed and numerically analyzed. As a result, the contribution of a diffusional component to the characean acid/alkaline pattern appeared most likely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234525
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmalemma transport of OH− inChara corallina (1977)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 32 (1977), S. 49-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The light-mediated, time-dependent rise in the pH value at the center of an alkaline band was analyzed using the methods of numerical analysis. From this analysis an expression of the time-dependent build-up of OH− efflux was obtained for these bands. This information can now be employed to determine whether the light-activated transport of OH− and HCO 3 − influences the electrical properties of the plasmalemma. The dark-induced deactivation of OH− transport was also characterized, revealing a transition from efflux to a transient influx phase during deactivation. Numerical analysis of the steady-state OH− diffusion pattern, established along the surface of an alkaline band, revealed that the OH− efflux width was wider than previously envisaged. It was also found that OH− sink regions exist on either side of the efflux zone. These, and other characteristics revealed by the numerical analysis, enabled us to extend the OH− transport model proposed by Lucas (J. Exp. Bot. 1975,26:347).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01905209
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Directional cell-to-cell communication in theArabidopsis root apical meristem II. Dynamics of plasmodesmatal formation (1998)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 204 (1998), S. 84-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Apical meristem ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Plasmodesmatal formation ; Position-dependent control ; Root development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cell development in the root apical meristem is thought to be regulated by position-dependent information, but as yet, the underlying mechanism for this remains unknown. In order to examine the potential involvement of the symplasmic transmission of positional signals, plasmodesmatal frequency and distribution was quantitatively analyzed in root apical meristem cell walls ofArabidopsis thaliana during root development. A consistent distribution pattern of plasmodesmata was observed in the root apex over four weeks. While cells within initial tiers were uniformly interconnected, more symplasmic connections between the initial tiers and their immature-cell (primary-meristem) derivatives were observed than within the initial tiers. Immature cells were connected across transverse walls by primary plasmodesmata according to a tissue-specific pattern. Cells of the immature vascular tissue and cortex had the highest plasmodesmatal frequencies, followed by the immature epidermis and root cap. Although the numbers of plasmodesmata in transverse walls (primary plasmodesmata) was reduced in all tissues as the root aged, the tissue-specific distribution remained constant. The extent of symplasmic coupling across the boundaries of each tissue appeared to be limited by fewer secondary plasmodesmata in longitudinal walls. The frequency of all plasmodesmata decreased as the root aged. The primary plasmodesmata within each tissue increased at one week and then dramatically decreased with root age; the frequency of secondary plasmodesmata in longitudinal walls also decreased, but more gradually. These findings are discussed with respect to the roles likely played by plasmodesmata in facilitating transport of position-dependent information during root development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282296
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