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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 105 (1985), S. 12-15 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Süßwasserschwämme (Spongilliden) lassen sich in 120-1-Aquarien mit Herkunftswasser der Schwämme kultivieren. Das gut durchlüftete Wasser soll nicht wärmer als 17°C sowie mit den Zusätzen “Aquatonic” und Schwarztorf versehen sein. Anstelle des Teichbzw. Flußwassers kann auch Leitungswasser oder eine Mischung von Leitungs- und vollentsalztem Wasser verwendet werden. Das Wasser der Aquarien ist alle vier Monate zu erneuern. Als Kulturgefäße eignen sich Glas- und Kunststoffschalen. Diese werden mittels spezieller Halter in die Aquarien eingebracht. Langzeitkulturen bieten beste Voraussetzungen für die Schwammforschung.
    Notizen: Summary Freshwater sponges (Spongillidae) can be cultivated in 120-1 aquariums with water from the natural sponge habitats. The well-aired water should not be warmer than 17°C and should contain “Aqua-tonic” and black peat. Instead of ‘habitat’ water, tap water or a mixture of tap and distilled water may be used. The water in the aquariums should be renewed every 4 months. For the culture we use glass or plastic vessels. These are mounted in the aquariums by special holders. Permanent cultures offer ideal conditions for sponge research.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary In all cases an organic axial filament within the silica spicules of Stelletta grubii forms the core of the major axes of the glass. In the small, star-shaped silica spicules (asters) the filament is shown for the first time to be radial with an enlarged center; in the large four-rayed spicules (triaenes) it is four-rayed; and in the large single-rayed spicules (oxeas) the filament is single-rayed. In situ, the filament is not dissolved by boiling nitric acid and thus is apparently protected by encasement within the glass which can also be stratified. The small silica asters are formed by single cells which resemble the so-called spherulous cells of other sponges. The very large size of triaenes and oxeas suggests that they may possibly be formed by more than one cell. The diameter of the filament in the much smaller asters is much narrower than the filament in the larger spicules, indicating a possible relationship between filament diameter and spicule diameter. While the axial filament in larger spicules frequently has a triangular cross-section it can also be hexaognal. Some aster filaments also retain a close to hexagonal cross-section. Filaments freed from large spicules by hydrofluoric acid display a complex morphology; possibly there is an internal silicified core. Some reported aspects of filament morphology are, however, probably artefacts of desilicification with hydrofluoric acid.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 105 (1985), S. 383-387 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Each choanocyte chamber of Petrosia ficiformis is formed by a slightly outpocked choanocyte epithelium and by a ring of three or four uniflagellated cone cells surrounding the apopyle. The apopyle opens into a small aphodus, which leads the water flow to larger excurrent canals. Pinacocytes of the incurrent canal system cover the basal surface of the choanocytes and separate them from the incurrent canals and the mesenchyme. The water flows into the chambers by pores in the pinacocyte cover and then through gaps between adjacent choanocytes. To our knowledge this is the first report of a leuconoid canal system in which choanocyte chambers are covered by a pinacocyte epithelium of the incurrent canal system that isolates the chambers from the mesenchyme. A future comprehensive revision of the types of canal systems in sponges seems to be necessary.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 107 (1987), S. 11-16 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The spongillid species Spongilla lacustris and Ephydatia fluviatilis possess choanocyte chambers of the classical eurypylous type. They are surrounded by the mesenchymal tissue and connected to the incurrent canal system by prosopyles and to the excurrent canal system by wide apopyles. Each apopyle is sealed against spaces between the basal choanocyte collar parts by a ring of uniflagellated cone cells. The functional aspects of the choanocyte chamber and canal structure are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 108 (1988), S. 13-21 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The Mediterranean sponges Reniera mucosa, Haliclona mediterranea, Reniera fulva, Dendroxea lenis and Reniera sarai and the Caribbean species Callyspongia sp., Niphates digitalis, Niphates sp. and Amphimedon compressa are the subjects of this study of the arrangement of the choanocyte chambers between the canal systems and their relation to the mesenchymal tissue. The phylogenetic significance of the different organizational features is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 97 (1981), S. 263-284 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Gemmula-Anlagen des Süßwasserschwamms Ephydatia fluviatilis bestehen aus Archäocyten, Trophocyten und Spongioblasten. Beschalte Gemmulae enthalten ausschließlich mit Reservestoffen gefüllte Archäocyten, die vor Fertigstellung der Gemmula-Schale zweikernig werden. Die drei lichtmikroskopisch erkennbaren Schichten der Gemmula-Schale, nämlich die Innen-, die Vakuolen- und die Außenschicht, werden nach einem zur Schwammbasis hin gerichteten Gradienten von einem hochprismatischen Spongioblasten-Epithel sezerniert. Alle Anzeichen sprechen dafür, daß es sich bei diesen Spongioblasten um temporär modifizierte Exopinacocyten handelt. Zu Beginn der Schalenbildung übernimmt ein Verband von flachen Archäocyten an der Peripherie des inneren Zellenkomplexes die Funktion der Formgebung für die entstehende Schale. Diese Zellen sezernieren in Richtung des Spongioblasten-Epithels eine nur elektronenmikroskopisch erkennbare, innere Begrenzungsschicht der Gemmula-Schale. Die in der Gemmula-Schale enthaltenen Mirkroskleren (Amphidisken) werden jeweils in einem Amphidiskoblasten im Mesenchym fertiggestellt und, nachdem Begleitzellen Kontakt zu dem Amphidiskoblasten aufgenommen haben, in das Spongioblasten-Epithel einer Gemmula-Anlage transportiert. Dort wird die Nadel aus dem Zellenkomplex freigesetzt und in die Schale eingebaut. Die Verschlußmembran im Keimporus (Mikropyle) der Gemmula-Schale wird von einer Gruppe modifizierter Spongioblasten (Mikropylen-Spongioblasten) sezerniert. Sie besteht aus der regulären, nur elektronenmikroskopisch erkennbaren, inneren Begrenzungsschicht und zwei weiteren Schichten, die mit keiner Schicht der eigentlichen Gemmula-Schale identisch sind. Die Spongioblasten flachen sich gegen Ende der Schalenbildung zu einem dauerhaften Plattenepithel ab, das auf die Oberfläche der fertigen Gemmula eine dünne Sponginhülle sezerniert.
    Notizen: Summary Primordial gemmules in the freshwater sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis consist of archaeocytes, trophocytes, and spongioblasts. Once the shell has been completed the gemmules contain only archaeocytes filled with food reserves; they become binucleate before completion of the shell. The three layers of the gemmule shell discernible in the light microscope — the inner, vacuolar, and outer layers — are secreted by a highly prismatic spongioblast epithelium along a gradient from the apex to the base of the sponge. All the evidence indicates that these spongioblasts are temporarily modified exopinacocytes. Shell formation is initiated when a group of flat archaeocytes at the periphery of the inner cell complex assumes the function of establishing the shape of the shell. That is, they secrete toward the spongioblast epithelium a boundary layer, detectable only electron microscopically, that marks the inner surface of the shell. Each of the microscleres (amphidisks) in the gemmule shell is formed within an amphidiskoblast in the mesenchyme; when auxiliary cells have contacted the amphidiskoblast, they move together to the spongioblast epithelium in a region of the shell. There the spicule is released from the cell complex and incorporated into the shell. The membrane that closes the pore (micropyle) of the gemmule shell is secreted by a group of modified spongioblasts (micropyle spongioblasts). It consists of a continuation of the inner boundary layer lining the shell itself, detectable only electron microscopically, plus two other layers not identical with any layer of the shell. Toward the end of shell formation the spongioblasts flatten, creating a permanent pavement epithelium that secretes a thin envelope of spongin over the surface of the completed gemmule.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 109 (1989), S. 11-14 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Central cells of a hitherto unknown type, forming a continuous, perforated layer at the level of the distal collar ends in each choanocyte chamber, have been found in the choanocyte chambers of Pellina fistulosa. The collars project through the pores of the perforated central cell layer. The spaces between the collar ends and between the collars and the cone cell ring in the apopyle region are sealed by the central cell cytoplasm. The latter represents an impermeable barrier for particulate material as well as for water and thus enhances the filtration efficiency by preventing a bypass of water and particles between the collar apices.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 99 (1982), S. 221-234 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Dauerstadien des Süßwasserschwamms Spongilla fragilis bestehen aus mehreren, mit einer kompakten Innenschicht versehenen Einzelgemmulae, die durch zwei weitere Schalenschichten (Kästchen- und Außenschicht) miteinander „verkittet“ sind. Die Einzelgemmulae werden in geringem zeitlichen Abstand dicht nebeneinander angelegt. Sie besitzen zunächst ein eigenes Spongioblasten-Epithel, das die Innenschicht der Schale sezerniert. Während die Kästchenschicht aufgelagert wird, nehmen die Spongioblasten benachbarter Gemmula-Anlagen Kontakt auf und bilden dann ein einheitliches Epithel an der Oberfläche der Gemmula-Gruppe. Jeder Spongioblast sezierniert eine Kästchenreihe; deren radiäre Wände entstehen jeweils zwischen zwei benachbarten Spongioblasten. Die Mikropylenmembran liegt am Grunde eines Porusrohres, dessen Wand eine Fortsetzung der Gemmula-Schale darstellt. Das Porusrohr ist an seinem distalen Ende durch eine weitere, dünne Membran verschlossen. Die proximal gelegene Mikropylenmembran wird von modifizierten Spongioblasten (Mikropylen-Spongioblasten) gebildet und stimmt in ihrem Bau mit der Mikropylenmembran von Ephydatia fluviatilis weitgehend überein.
    Notizen: Summary The overwintering stages of the fresh-water sponge Spongilla fragilis consist of several single gemmules, each covered by a compact inner shell layer; the group is ‘cemented’ together by two additional layers (the compartmented layer and the outer layer). The individual gemmules are formed in close proximity, within a short period of time. Initially each is enclosed in its own spongioblast epithelium, which secretes the inner layer of the shell. As the compartmented layer is being built up over this, the spongioblasts of adjacent gemmule primordia come into contact, eventually forming a continuous epithelium over the surface of the gemmule group. Each spongioblast secretes a row of compartments, the radial walls of which are produced between adjacent spongioblasts. The micropyle membrane is situated at the base of a pore tube, the wall of which is continuous with the gemmule shell. The pore tube is closed at its distal end by another, thin membrane. The more proximal micropyle mebrane is formed by modified spongioblasts (micropyle spongioblasts); its structure closely resembles that of the micropyle membrane of Ephydatia fluviatilis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 106 (1986), S. 205-211 
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Specimens of Haliclona elegans (Bowerbank, 1866) are covered by a thin, double layered dermal membrane extending over large subdermal spaces. The pores in the dermal membrane are formed by single porocytes with one or sometimes several pores in the center of the cell. The subjacent tissue shows a faintly developed mesenchyme and numerous big choanocyte chambers projecting into lacunar spaces of the incurrent canal system. The outer surface of the chambers is directly covered by the pinacocyte epithelium of the incurrent canal wall, which also separates them completely from the mesenchyme. Water influx into the chambers is guaranteed by prosopylar openings in the pinacocyte cover at the outer chamber surface. The chambers are connected to the excurrent canal system in the eurypylous way by wide apopyles, each of which is surrounded by a small ring of flagellated cone cells. About 15% of the choanocyte chambers in H. elegans contain central cells, which are thought to derive from migrating pinacocytes of the canal systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 39 (1985), S. 263-272 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The choanocyte chambers of the marine spongeReniera sp. protrude with their curved outer surface free into the incurrent canals. The water is sucked into the chambers by cavities between the choanocytes. Particles up to 1 µm in diameter may enter the chambers with the water current. These particles are trapped on the outer surface of the choanocyte collars and are ingested by the choanocytes and processes of the pinacocyte epithelium of the incurrent canal system, which project into the chambers. Bigger particles are retained in the incurrent canals mainly on the outer surface of the choanocyte chambers. They are ingested by pinacocytes of the canal wall and transported to cells of the mesenchyme. The present investigation shows the great importance of the pinacocyte epithelium of the incurrent canal system for suspension feeding inReniera sp.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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