Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 43 (1994), S. 401-411 
    ISSN: 0165-2427
    Keywords: [abr] BVD; bovine virus diarrhea ; [abr] CAEV; caprine arthritis encephalitis ; [abr] FIV; feline immunodeficiency virus ; [abr] IFN; interferon ; [abr] IL-1; interleukin-1 ; [abr] LPS; lipopolysaccharide ; [abr] MHC; major histocompatibility complex ; [abr] MTT; 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide ; [abr] TNF; tumor necrosis factor ; [abr] rbo; recombinant bovine ; [abr] rhu; recombinant human
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Behavioral and Neural Biology 38 (1983), S. 269-286 
    ISSN: 0163-1047
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Behavioral and Neural Biology 47 (1987), S. 7-16 
    ISSN: 0163-1047
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 54 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Experiments on the host cell spectrum of bovine leukaemia virus (BLV), a retrovirus closely related to the human T-cell leukaemia virus (HTLV), have yielded conflicting data. Currently, BLV is known to infect B cells, whereas its ability to infect other cell types, e.g. monocytes/macrophages, is doubtful. As monocytes/macrophages may have profound effects on the diversity of the T-cell response, we studied the possibility of in vitro infection, using bovine monocytes and SV40-transformed bovine macrophages. Proviral DNA was detected by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from day 1 until the end of the experiments at either day 5 or day 80, depending on the quantity of virus used for infection. In addition, the infection was associated with morphological changes in infected cells as revealed by electron microscopy. The in vitro infection did not significantly change either the expression of surface antigens (CD11b, CD32, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II) or the amounts of cytokine transcripts (interleukin (IL)-1β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6 and IL-12p40) with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The data suggest that BLV can infect monocytes, but the infection does not seem to influence the function or the phenotype of these cells. Infected monocytes may, however, play a role as a viral reservoir in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 5 (1983), S. 53-54 
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Microstructure of eating ; dietary fiber ; macronutrients ; mechanisms of satiety ; cereals ; metabolites ; Mikrostruktur des Essens ; Nahrungsfasern ; Makronährstoffe ; Mechanismen der Sättigung ; Müslis ; Metabolite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluss von 4 isoenergetischen Frühstücken mit unterschiedlichem Nahrungsfaser-und Makronährstoffgehalt auf Hunger und Sättigung, auf das nachfolgende Mittagessen sowie auf den postprandialen Kohlenhydrat-und Fettstoffwechsel wurde an normalgewichtigen, männlichen Probanden in 2 Experimenten untersucht, in denen das Mittagessen entweder zu einem vorbestimmten Zeitpunkt angeboten wurde (Experiment 1), oder in dem die Probanden selbst den Zeitpunkt des Mittagessens bestimmen konnten (Experiment 2). Der Verzehr eines handelsüblichen Müslis mit hohem (10 %), mittlerem (7 %) und niedrigem (3 %) Fasergehalt (HFC, MFC und LFC) oder ein Standard-Frühstück (0 % Fasern) hatten keinen unterschiedlichen Einfluß auf Hunger und Sättigung, Grösse und Mikrostruktur des folgenden Mittagessens und auf die Zeitspanne zwischen Frühstück und Mittagessen (in Experiment 2). Die Plasmakonzentrationen von Glucose, Lactat und Insulin stiegen nach dem LFC-Frühstück stärker an als nach den anderen Frühstücksvarianten. Eine reaktive postprandiale Hypoglykämie trat nach dem LFC-Frühstück kurz vor dem Mittagessen auf. Die Plasmakonzentrationen von Metaboliten des Fettstoffwechsels (Triglyceride, freie Fettsäuren, β-Hydroxybutyrate) und von Glucagon wurden durch die Frühstücksvarianten nicht unterschiedlich beeinflusst. Die Resultate stehen im Einklang mit der Annahme, daß der Energiegehalt einer Mahlzeit die wichtigste Determinante für die nachfolgende Energieaufnahme ist. Der Faser- und Makronährstoffgehalt scheinen diesbezüglich nur einen modulierenden Effekt zu besitzen.
    Notes: Summary The effects of four equienergetic breakfasts with varying fiber and macronutrient contents on hunger and satiety ratings, on subsequent lunch intake, and on postprandial carbohydrate and fat metabolism were investigated in normal weight male subjects in two experiments, in which lunch was offered at a predetermined time (Experiment 1) or in which the subjects were free to choose when to eat lunch (Experiment 2). Consumption of either a commercially available high fiber cereal (HFC, 10 % fiber), a medium fiber cereal (MFC, 7 % fiber), a low fiber cereal (LFC, 3 % fiber), or a standard continental breakfast (0 % fiber) on nonconsecutive days did not differentially affect hunger and satiety ratings, the size or microstructure of the subsequent lunch, and the breakfast to lunch intermeal interval (in Experiment 2). Plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, and insulin increased more after the LFC breakfast than after the other breakfast varieties. A reactive postprandial hypoglycaemia occurred after the LFC breakfast, shortly before lunch. The plasma concentrations of fat metabolites (triglycerides, free fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate) and of glucagon were not differentially affected by the breakfast varieties. The results are consistent with the assumption that energy content of a meal is the major determinant of subsequent energy intake in man and that fiber content and macronutrient composition have only a modulating effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 36 (1997), S. 28-29 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Key words Ergogenics – amino acids – exercise – arginine aspartate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background: Athletes consume arginine and/or aspartate as potential nutritional ergogenics. Their metabolic effects are controversial and there is some evidence that ingestion of large doses of single amino acids can adversely affect the nitrogen balance or induce an amino acid imbalance. Nevertheless, the general metabolic influence of an arginine aspartate supplementation during a prolonged exercise bout has not yet been investigated. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the general metabolic impact of a chronic supplementation with arginine aspartate in endurance-trained athletes at rest and during a marathon run. Methods: Fourteen endurance-trained runners participated in this field study which was carried out according to a double-blind crossover design. 15 g of arginine aspartate or a carbohydrate-based placebo were supplemented daily for 14 days before a marathon run. Blood samples for analysis of metabolites and hormones were collected shortly before the run, after 31 km, at the end of the run, and after a recovery period of two hours. Additionally, the respiratory exchange ratio was determined during the run. Results: The plasma level of carbohydrate (glucose, lactate, pyruvate) and fat metabolites (fatty acids, glycerol, β-hydroxybutyrate), cortisol, insulin, ammonia, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase as well as the respiratory exchange ratio were unaffected by the supplementation. In contrast, the plasma level of somatotropic hormone, glucagon, urea, and arginine were significantly increased, and the level of most of the remaining plasma amino acids as well as their sun was significantly reduced. Conclusions: There was no obvious metabolic benefit derived from the chronic supplementation with arginine aspartate. And since furthermore the consequences of a reduction of the total plasma amino acid level are not known, the practice of using single amino acid supplements as potential ergogenics should be critically reevaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 29 (1990), S. 79-96 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Hunger ; Sättigung ; Nahrungsaufnahme ; hunger ; satiety ; food intake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Regulation of food intake is commonly treated as a negative feedbackloop. Hunger and/or appetite lead man and animals to ingest food. The subsequent meal-contingent activation of pre- and postabsorptive mechanisms then leads to satiety. The activation of oral and gastrointestinal chemo- and mechanoreceptors is important on the preabsorptive site. The gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin may also have a physiological satiety effect. Preabsorptive satiety mechanisms are influenced by the rate of gastrointestinal transit. The pancreatic hormone glucagon, which is released during meal taking, and various metabolites contribute to the postabsorptive regulation of food intake through activation of hepatic chemoreceptors, which are connected to the brain via predominantly vagal afferents. In addition, glucoreceptors in the brain, in particular in the nucleus of the solitary tract, contribute to food intake regulation by monitoring blood glucose concentration or, more specifically, glucose utilization. The nucleus of the solitary tract, which relays vagal afferents from gut and liver and also gustatory afferents, projects to the hypothalamus and to other forebrain structures. In this neural network the informations from the periphery are integrated by various neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, but the exact role of the substances involved is not fully understood yet. Body weight and, hence, body fat presumably affects feeding through modulation of a postabsorptive mechanism.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Regulation der Nahrungsaufnahme läßt sich als Regelkreis mit negativem Feedback darstellen. Hunger und/oder Appetit veranlassen Mensch oder Tier, Nahrung aufzunehmen. Durch die aufgenommene Nahrung werden präoder postabsorptive Mechanismen aktiviert, die zu Sättigung führen. Präabsorptiv ist dabei vor allem die Stimulierung oraler und gastrointestinaler Chemo- und Mechanorezeptoren von Bedeutung. Auch dem Gastrointestinalhormon Cholecystokinin scheint eine physiologische Sättigungsfunktion zuzukommen. Präabsorptive Sättigungsmechanismen werden ferner durch die Geschwindigkeit der gastrointestinalen Passage der Digesta beeinflußt. Das pankreatische Inselzellhormon Glucagon, welches im Verlauf der Nahrungsaufnahme vermehrt sezerniert wird, sowie unterschiedliche Metaboliten tragen zur postabsorptiven Regulation der Nahrungsaufnahme bei, indem sie hepatische Chemorezeptoren aktivieren, die vorwiegend über vagale Afferenzen mit dem Gehirn verbunden sind. An der Regulation der Nahrungsaufnahme sind ferner Glucoserezeptoren im Gehirn beteiligt, die Veränderungen der Blutglucosekonzentration bzw. der Glucose-Utilisation registrieren. Die Glucoserezeptoren im Nucleus tractus solitarii der Medulla oblongata sind diesbezüglich offenbar von besonderer Bedeutung. Vom Nucleus tractus solitarii, in dem die Afferenzen von Gastrointestinaltrakt und Leber sowie auch Geschmacksafferenzen umgeschaltet werden, projizieren Nervenfasern zum Hypothalamus und zu anderen Vorderhirnarealen. In diesem neuronalen Netzwerk werden die aus der Peripherie eintreffenden Informationen durch unterschiedliche Neurotransmitter und -peptide integriert. Das Zusammenwirken und die genaue Funktion der daran beteiligten Substanzen sind allerdings noch nicht vollständig geklärt. Das Körpergewicht bzw. die Fettdepots des Organismus beeinflussen die Nahrungsaufnahme vermutlich über die Modulation eines postabsorptiven Mechanismus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Ausdauerbelastung ; Sportgetränke ; Kohlenhydrataufnahme ; Energieumsatz ; Stoffwechsel ; “post-exercise ketosis” ; endurance exercise ; sports beverages ; carbohydrate consumption ; energy turnover ; metabolism ; post-exercise ketosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The present study addressed the effects of carbohydrate consumption during endurance exercise on performance, energy turnover, and metabolism. Well-trained endurance runners consumed a beverage with (cho[+]) or without (cho[−]) carbohydrates during a long-distance run (46.6 km). The respiratory quotient (RQ), plasma levels of carbohydrate and fat metabolites, and of hormones (insulin, glucagon) were measured before, several times during, and after the run. The mean running speed for the entire distance was 13.6 and 13.4 km/h with the cho[+] and cho[−] beverage, respectively. The decrease in speed that was observed towards the end of the run was somewhat more pronounced with consumption of the cho[−] beverage. The RQ decreased during the run almost linearily. This decrease was independent of the consumed beverage. The changes in plasma levels of lactate, free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, D-3-hydroxybutyrate (DHB), glucagon and insulin that occurred during the run were not affected by intake of the cho[+] beverage. However, intake of the cho [+] beverage prevented the decrease in plasma glucose observed towards the end of the run under control conditions, and eliminated the steep postexercise increase in plasma DHB. The intake of the cho[+] beverage also caused a rapid decrease in plasma levels of FFA and glucagon after the run, and slightly increased plasma insulin. The results demonstrate that ingestion of a carbohydrate-containing beverage during a long-distance run affects metabolism only during the final phase of the run and during the subsequent recovery period. Moreover, carbohydrate consumption improves performance only during the final phase of a long-distance run.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Studie wurde der Einfluß der Kohlenhydrataufnahme während eines Langstreckenlaufes über 46,6 km auf Leistungsfähigkeit, Energieumsatz und Stoffwechsel untersucht. Gut trainierte Läufer erhielten während des Laufes entweder ein kohlenhydrathaltiges (KH[+]) oder ein kohlenhydratfreies (KH[−]) Getränk. Der respiratorische Quotient (RQ), die Plasmakonzentrationen von Metaboliten des Kohlenhydrat- bzw. Fettstoffwechsels und von Hormonen (Insulin, Glucagon) wurden gemessen. Die mittlere Geschwindigkeit über die gesamte Distanz betrug 13,6 (KH[+]) bzw. 13,4 (KH[−]) km/h. Dabei war der gegen Ende des Laufes allgemein feststellbare Leistungsabfall bei Aufnahme des KH[+]-Getränkes etwas schwächer ausgeprägt als bei Aufnahme des KH[−]-Getränkes. Der RQ nahm unabhängig von der Kohlenhydrataufnahme während des gesamten Laufes annähernd linear ab. Die während des Laufes feststellbaren Veränderungen der Plasmakonzentrationen von Lactat, Freien Fettsäuren (FFS), Glycerin, D-3-Hydroxybutyrat (DHB), Glucagon und Insulin wurden durch die Kohlenhydrataufnahme nicht signifikant beeinflußt. Die Aufnahme des KH[+]-Getränkes verhinderte jedoch den unter Kontrollbedingungen gegen Ende des Laufes feststellbaren Abfall der Plasmaglucosekonzentration sowie den steilen Anstieg des Plasmaspiegels von DHB nach dem Lauf. Ferner führte die Kohlenhydrataufnahme zu einem raschen Abfall der Plasmakonzentrationen von FFS und Glucagon nach dem Lauf und erhöhte die Plasmakonzentration von Insulin geringfügig. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die exogene Zufuhr von Kohlenhydraten den Stoffwechsel erst in der Endphase eines Langstreckenlaufes sowie in der anschließenden Erholungsphase beeinflußt. Ein positiver Effekt der Kohlenhydrataufnahme auf die Leistungsfähigkeit tritt ebenfalls erst in der Endphase eines so langen Laufes auf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...