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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nevi and melanoma induced by chemical carcinogens in laboratory animals: similarities and differences with human lesions (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 10 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The isolation of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) from coal tar, and the synthesis of dibenzanthracene (DBA), methylcholanthrene (MCA), and dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) in the 1930's, facilitated the induction of epidermal tumors in experimental animals. It was soon found that chemical carcinogens affect not only keratinocytes, hut also the melanocytes (Szabo 1963). “Painting” the skin of small laboratory animals, with carcinogens, became the principal method of studying the mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis (Yuspa et a). 1976a).Pigmented nevi and melanoma are perhaps two of the most interesting problems in dermatology, oncology and pathology. Questions related to histogenesis, classification, diagnosis, treatment and eventual prevention remain unanswered.A substantial amount of our work is used to support most of the main points regarding the development of nevi and melanoma in laboratory animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0560.1983.tb01483.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amino Acid Metabolism (1977)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology 28 (1977), S. 299-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4294
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.28.060177.001503
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of open-air fumigation with SO2 and O3 on carbohydrate metabolism in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The carbohydrate metabolism of the needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) has been examined in trees that were exposed to SO2, and O3, in an open-air fumigation experiment located in the Liphook forest in southern England. Two-year-old seedlings were planted in 1985 in seven experimental plots. Five plots received fumigation treatments of SO2, O3 or a combination of these gases to give a 2 × 3 factorial design with one additional ambient plot Fumigation with SO2, occurred from May 1987 to December 1990 and O3, fumigation occurred from March to December 1988, May to December 1989 and February to December 1990. Five samples of needles for investigation of carbohydrate metabolism were taken between February and July 1989.The concentrations of soluble carbohydrates (including sucrose and hexoses) were greatly reduced in the needles taken from Scots pine growing in the treated plots, and were also reduced, but to a lesser extent, in the needles taken from Norway spruce. Little variation in the concentration of starch in the needles of either species was detected. The activities of the two final enzymes of sucrose synthesis, sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose 6-phos-phate phosphatase, were greatly reduced in the needles of Scots pine and were also reduced, but to a lesser extent, in the needles of Norway spruce in the fumigated plots. These reductions could be correlated with decreases in rates of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation determined by independent groups of researchers working on the Liphook site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00362.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of lysine in rice seeds: Effect of calcium, ionic strength, S-adenosylmethionine and S-2-aminoethyl- l-cysteine on the lysine 2-oxoglutarate reductase-saccharopine dehydrogenase bifunctional enzyme (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 110 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Lysine biosynthesis has been extensively studied and the regulatory enzymes characterized in some of the most important crop plants, however, much less is known about the lysine degradation pathway. Lysine 2-oxoglutarate reductase (LOR) and saccharopine dehydrogenase (SDH) have recently been partially purified and characterized from plants, and have been shown to exist as a single bifunctional polypeptide. We have further characterized these enzymes from rice endosperm in relation to Ca2+ and ionic strength modulation. Optimum pH values of 7.0 and 8.0 were obtained for LOR and SDH, respectively. The LOR domain of the polypeptide was modulated by Ca2+ and ionic strength, whereas the SDH domain was not. It would appear that the modulation by Ca2+ and ionic strength of LOR is a common feature among plant LOR enzymes. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) did not produce any significant effect on either enzyme activity, indicating that it only plays a role in the regulation of lysine biosynthesis. The effect of S-2-aminoethyl- l-cysteine (AEC) as both a substrate and an inhibitor of LOR activity was also tested. AEC was shown to partially substitute for lysine as a substrate for LOR, but was also able to inhibit LOR activity, possibly competing with lysine at the active site. The higher Km for AEC compared to lysine may reflect a lower binding affinity for AEC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.110204.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of photorespiratory ammonia production in the C4 plant Amaranthus edulis, using mutants with altered photosynthetic capacities (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 99 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Previous studies have indicated that the rate of photorespiration in C4 plants is low or negligible. In this study, wild-type and mutant leaves of the C4 plant Amaranthus edulis were treated with the glutamine synthetase inhibitor, phosphinothricin and the glycine decarboxylase inhibitor, aminoacetonitrile, at different concentrations of CO2. The time course of ammonia accumulation in leaves of the wild type was compared with a mutant lacking phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity (EC 4.1.1.31), and with three different mutants that accumulated glycine. The increase in the concentration of ammonia in the leaves, stimulated by the treatments was used as a measurement of the rate of photorespiration in C4 plants.The application of glutamine and glycine maintained the rate of photorespiratory ammonia production for a longer period in the wild type, and increased the rate in a mutant lacking phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase suggesting that there was a lack of amino donors in these plants.The calculated rate of photorespiration in Amaranthus edulis wild-type leaves when the supply of amino donors was enough to maintain the photorespiratory nitrogen flow, accounted for approximately 6% of the total net photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate. In a mutant lacking phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, however, this rate increased to 48%, when glutamine was fed to the leaf, a value higher than that found in some C3 plants. In mutants of Amaranthus edulis that accumulated glycine, the rate of photorespiration was reduced to 3% of the total net CO2 assimilation rate. The rate of ammonia produced during photorespiration was 60% of the total produced by all metabolic reactions in the leaves. The data suggests that photorespiration is an active process in C4 plants, which can play an important role in photosynthetic metabolism in these plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb00559.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of antioxidant enzymes to transfer from elevated carbon dioxide to air and ozone fumigation, in the leaves and roots of wild-type and a catalase-deficient mutant of barley (1998)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 104 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A catalase-deficient mutant (RPr 79/4) and the wild-type (cv. Maris Mink) barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) counterpart, were grown for 3 weeks in high CO2 (0.7%) and then transferred to air and ozone (120 nl 1−1) in the light and shade for a period of 4 days. Leaves and roots were analysed for catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) activities. CAT activity in the leaves of the RPr 79/4 catalase-deficient mutant was around 5-10% of that determined in Maris Mink, but in the roots, both genotypes contained approximately the same levels of activity. CAT activity in Maris Mink increased in the leaves after transferring plants from 0.7% CO2 to air or ozone, reaching a maximum of 5-fold, after 4 days in shade and ozone. For the catalase-deficient mutant, only small increases in CAT activity were observed in light/air and light/ozone treatments. In the roots, CAT activity decreased consistently in both genotypes, after plants were transferred from 0.7% CO2. The total soluble SOD activity in the leaves and roots of both genotypes increased after plants were transferred from 0.7% CO2. The analysis of SOD isolated from leaves following non-denaturing PAGE, revealed the presence of up to eight SOD isoenzymes classified as Mn-SOD or Cu/Zn-SODs; Fe-SOD was not detected. Significant changes in Mn- and Cu/Zn-SOD isoenzymes were observed; however, they could not account for the increase in total SOD activity.In leaves, GR activity also increased in Maris Mink and RPr 79/4, following transfer from 0.7% CO2; however, no constant pattern could be established, while in roots, GR activity was reduced after 4 days of the treatments.The data suggest that elevated CO2 decreases oxidative stress in barley leaves and that soluble CAT and SOD activities increased rapidly after plants were transferred from elevated CO2, irrespective of the treatment (light, shade, air or ozone).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1040217.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human Tattoo (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of dermatology 26 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-4632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: : Ultrathin serial sections of human biopsy specimens, taken at 24 hours, I month, and 1, 3, and 40 years post-tattooing were examined under the electron microscope. The ink particles found in cells were measured and compared with control ink particles embedded in agar. Freshly tattooed skin showed an inflammatory reaction followed by ultrastructural necrosis. The time of healing, about I month from introduction of ink to complete healing, hits been divided into three phases: inflammatory reaction and necrosis, format/on of basement membrane, and normal epidermis and dermis. Once the skin showed normal ultrastructure, ink particles were found only in dermal fibroblasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1987.tb00590.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of photorespiration during drought stress: an analysis utilizing barley mutants with reduced activities of photorespiratory enzymes (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 
 C i, intercellular CO2 concentration
Fv/Fm, quantum efficiency of excitation capture by open photosystem II centres
FBPase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
GDC, glycine decarboxylase
GS-2, chloroplastic glutamine synthetase
HPR, hydroxypyruvate reductase
PFD, photon flux density
ΦCO2, quantum efficiency of CO2 assimilation
ΦPSII, quantum efficiency of photosystem II electron transport
ψ, water potential
qN, non-photochemical chlorophyll a fluorescence quenching
qP, photochemical chlorophyll a fluorescence quenching
RuBP, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
Rubisco, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase
SBPase, sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase
SGAT, serine : glyoxylate aminotransferase

The significance of photorespiration in drought-stressed plants was studied by withholding water from wild-type barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and from heterozygous mutants with reduced activities of chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (GS-2), glycine decarboxylase (GDC) or serine : glyoxylate aminotransferase (SGAT). Well-watered plants of all four genotypes had identical rates of photosynthesis. Under moderate drought stress (leaf water potentials between –1 and –2 MPa), photosynthesis was lower in the mutants than in the wild type, indicating that photorespiration was increased under these conditions. Analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence revealed that, in the GDC and SGAT mutants, the lower rates of photosynthesis coincided with a decreased quantum efficiency of photosystem II and increased non-photochemical dissipation of excitation energy. Correspondingly, the de-epoxidation state of xanthophyll-cycle carotenoids was increased several-fold in the drought-stressed GDC and SGAT mutants compared with the wild type. Accumulation of glycine in the GDC mutant was further evidence for increased photorespiration in drought-stressed barley. The effect of drought on the photorespiratory enzymes was determined by immunological detection of protein abundance. While the contents of GS-2 and P- and H-protein of the GDC complex remained unchanged as drought stress developed, the content of NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase increased. Enzymes of the Benson–Calvin cycle, on the other hand, were either not affected (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase and plastidic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase) or declined (sedoheptulose- 1,7-bisphosphatase and NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase). These data demonstrate that photorespiration was enhanced during drought stress in barley and that the control exerted by photorespiratory enzymes on the rate of photosynthetic electron transport and CO2 fixation was increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00410.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of mutants and transgenic plants to study amino acid metabolism (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mutants of higher plants with alterations in amino acid metabolism have now been available for 20 years. Following the realization that at least four distinct classes of herbicides (phosphinothricins, glyphosates, imidazolinones and sulphonylureas) act by the inhibition of amino acid biosynthesis, mutants resistant to the herbicides have also been obtained. More recently, transgenic plants containing altered levels of enzymes of amino acid biosynthesis have been constructed. In this article, we have attempted to review several areas of amino acid biosynthesis including ammonia assimilation, the aspartate pathway, branched chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids and proline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb00148.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proline content does not influence pest and disease susceptibility of barley (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 295 (1982), S. 592-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Unstressed leaves of the mutant R5201 were found to contain up to six times the soluble proline of the parent line in the first three leaves over a 16-day period (Table 1). We examined two aspects of pest attack: whether locusts or slugs would choose preferentially to attack and consume mutant ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/295592a0
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