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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    p21WAF1 protein expression determined by quantitative immunoassay in relation to non-small-cell lung cancer aggressiveness (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 126 (2000), S. 48-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key words Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; p53 protein ; WAF1 protein ; Lung cancer ; Prognosis ; AbbreviationsNSCLC non-small-cell lung cancer ; RR relative risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: p21WAF1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is an important mediator of the cell-cycle arrest and tumor suppression induced by the protein p53. Although alterations of the p53 gene and its overexpression are frequent in most malignancies, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and may be associated with poor patient prognosis, the clinical utility of p21WAF1 expression in NSCLC has not been established. Methods: We have used a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for p21WAF1 to test soluble extracts of 54 NSCLC specimens with known clinicopathological properties. Results: There was no correlation between p21WAF1 and p53 concentrations, the latter being determined by a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay developed in-house. Furthermore, p21WAF1 levels were not associated with patient age, tumor/node/metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph node metastasis, histological grade or type, or smoking history, in Mann-Whitney analysis. χ2-tests, based on cutoffs equal to the 25th, 50th, or 75th percentiles of the p21WAF1 distribution, similarly did not reveal any statistically significant associations between p21WAF1 and other clinicopathological variables. Because of the small number of patients and the median follow-up of only 18 months, a meaningful survival analysis could not be performed. Conclusion: In summary, this preliminary study suggests that ELISA-quantified p21WAF1 levels in NSCLC extracts are weaker than p53 in terms of prognostic value and do not contribute to the further subclassification of patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008464
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative analysis of mutant p53 protein in breast tumor cytosols and study of its association with other biochemical prognostic indicators in breast cancer (1994)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 30 (1994), S. 179-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: p53 tumor suppressor gene ; prognostic indicators in breast cancer ; prostate specific antigen in breast cancer ; carcinoembryonic antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Breast tumors are thought to originate, grow, and metastasize in an environment which includes steroid hormone receptors, their cognate steroid ligands, and many gene products which are regulated by steroid hormone receptor-ligand complexes. In this paper we describe highly sensitive and quantitative immunofluorometric procedures for measuring three proteins that are candidate prognostic indicators in breast cancer, namely, the p53 tumor suppressor gene product, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and prostate specific antigen (PSA). These proteins were quantified in over 950 cytosolic tumor extracts along with estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR). Association analysis between all five biochemical parameters revealed strong negative associations between p53 and receptors and strong positive associations between CEA and receptors. Negative associations between p53 and CEA and between CEA and PSA were also found. These associations, not quantitatively studied in previous reports, are related to each other using a hypothetical model. The observed associations may further contribute to the understanding of the biology of breast tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00666062
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breast cancer prognostic significance of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the proximal androgen response element of the prostate specific antigen gene promoter (2000)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 61 (2000), S. 111-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: androgen receptor ; breast cancer ; mutation ; polymorphism ; prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) expression by breast epithelial cells is associated with favorable breast cancer prognosis. In preliminary studies, we found that a nucleotide variation (G → A) at position −158 in the androgen response element (ARE-1) of the PSA promoter was present in four out of 9 breast tumors examined and in a breast carcinoma cell line. We have now determined the nucleotide composition at position −158 of DNA extracted from 148 well-characterized breast tumors and compared tumor genotype with that of controls without cancer, with tumor PSA concentration and with clinicopathological variables, overall survival and disease free survival. The G → A base change at position −158 is a polymorphism. Allelotypes were similarly distributed in breast cancer patients and controls. The Mann–Whitney U Test showed a significantly higher tumor PSA concentration in tumors that presented a homozygous G as opposed to homozygous A genotype. Genotype at position −158 was not associated with clinicopathological variables in contingency table analysis. Univariate Cox regression models showed a 28% reduction in risk for death in patients with homozygous G genotype compared to those with homozygous A genotype (P=0.03). However, ARE-I genotype did not significantly add to the prognostic power in the multivariate model of overall survival. In summary, the base change at position −158 is a polymorphism that may affect breast cancer prognosis, but further studies are required to confirm this possibility and to investigate the relevance of this polymorphism in terms of breast cancer susceptibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006459613498
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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