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  • 1
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Levels of sulphated 17α20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20β-P; the oocyte maturation inducing steroid) in blood plasmas of sexually mature male and female rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, were very low in comparison to those of the free steroid. However, relatively large amounts were found in urine of both sexes.Catheters were inserted into the urinary bladders of unovulated and ovulated females and of ripe-running males, and the fish then placed in spawning channels. Three-hourly urine samples were collected between 09.00 and 18.00 hours and then a 15-h sample between 18.00 and 09.00 hours the next morning. Measurements were made of 17,20β-P-sulphale, testosterone glucuronide (T-G) and 17β-oestradiol glucuronide (E2-G). In females, the highest rates of excretion of E2-G, T-G and 17,20β-P-sulphate were found in unovulated, ovulating and ovulated females, respectively. The rates of excretion of 17,20β-P-sulphate, T-G and E2-G in ovulated females were unaffected by the presence of a male. id males, however, there was a sharp increase in the rate of excretion of 17,20β-P-suiphate and T-G in fish which were paired with an ovutated (nesting) female. A similar increase was found in males injected with male trout pituitary extract.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Urine of reproductively mature female rainbow trout was shown to contain a priming pheromone which raised the levels of 17a,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20β-P), testosterone and gonadotrophin II in the blood plasma of reproductively mature male rainbow trout. Milt volumes, however, were unaffected.Because it had been established in a previous study that the sulphated form of 17,20β-P is abundant in the urine of spawning rainbow trout, synthetic 17a,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one 20-sulphate was also tested for pheromonal activity. It was found to have only a smalt and inconsistent priming effect on steroid levels and did not alter the orientation or spawning activity of males.It was also shown that, in the majority of experiments, there was a significant drop, over the course of 24 h, in the levels of 17,20β-P and testosterone in the control groups of males.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 26 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Groups of Puntius gonionotus were brought into breeding condition by treatment with extracts of homoplastic pituitary material. Spawning in P. gonionotus includes a number of distinctive features which appear to be adaptations to reproduction in a riverine habitat. These features include the absence of a specific substrate requirement, the production of non-adhesive, buoyant eggs, an elaborate circling display by the male, and a long spawning run during which gametes are dispersed across the current.Spawning activity began 3–4 h after treatment with pituitary material. The relatively sudden increase in female responsiveness and attractiveness to males appears to coincide with the occurrence of ovulation. It is hypothesized that at this time the female releases a chemical signal which attracts and excites the male. Females participate in a number of spawning runs over a period of 30 min, thereafter female activity decreases rapidly.Injections of a prostaglandin (PGF2a) were effective in inducing spawning activity in non-gravid females. This finding provides support for the hypothesis, based on work with goldfish, Carassius auratus, that prostaglandin provides a link between periovulatory events in the ovary and the brain mechanism governing spawning activity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 50 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Previous studies have shown that spermiating male rainbow trout respond to the presence of female urine in the water with significant increases in plasma levels of gonadotrophin II, 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20β-P) and testosterone. The present results show that males only need a single brief exposure to female urine in order to respond; levels of 17,20β-P rise significantly within 1 h of exposure, and peak between 3 and 4 h. Also, milt amounts increase significantly following exposure of males to female urine. Levels of 17,20β-P are also related positively to the amount of female urine to which the males are exposed. Furthermore, when live females are placed, out of physical and visual contact, in the same tank as males, levels of 17,20β-P rise in the same way as in males which are exposed to female urine. However, if females are fitted with urinary catheters (which drain the urine outside the tank), males respond more slowly. These results indicate that urine is the main source of the male ‘priming’ pheromone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 58 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka sperm maintained high fertility for 10 s after being exposed to water but fertility dropped sharply after that. Eggs also showed limited longevity after being immersed in water, with a large drop in fertility occurring after 20 s of exposure to water. The association between eggs and sperm occurs very rapidly. 80% fertilization success was achieved with 5 s of sperm-egg mixing and c. 25% was achieved with 〈0·5 s of sperm-egg mixing. Sperm from different male age classes differed little in motility and did not differ at all in their propensity to fertilize eggs. The results have important implications for mate choice and sperm competition.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 247 (1974), S. 71-72 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] In goldfish, ovulation can be induced in several days by a change in water temperature from 12 to 20 C. At this 'summer' temperature, females ovulate once or several times within about a month, after which the ovaries regress. At ovulation, the eggs are released into an ovarian cavity which is ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 28 (1991), S. 329-336 
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Luyten and Liley (1985) obtained evidence that in populations of Trinidad guppies from two clear headwater streams, where Rivulus harth is the major aquatic predator, selection has favored visual aspects of male mating behavior — display activity and conspicuous coloration. Males in two lowland turbid stream populations, with numerous aquatic predators, were found to rely more heavily upon non-display components of courtship. In this study males of the four populations were placed in competition in clear water for mating with females of the same populations. Males of two populations were allowed to compete in turbid water. Mating success was determined on the basis of the frequency of insemination and the proportion of sperm attributable to males of the competing populations. The sperm of competing males were identified by radioisotope labelling and autoradiographic techniques. Males from headwater populations were more successful than lowland males in mating with headwater females in clear water. There was no difference in mating success of headwater and lowland males in competition for lowland females in clear water, but in turbid water lowland males were more successful in inseminating lowland females. Males were more successful in mating with females of their own population when the two headwater population were in competition. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that conspicuous coloration and high frequency and duration of display are adaptations to clear water conditions, and that non-display tactics are adapted to turbid water. Evidence of intrapopulation preferences suggest that male traits and female sexual responses in the guppy have evolved in parallel as predicted by sexual selection theory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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