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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 7001-7004 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dynamic processes of the free excitonic transitions in GaN grown by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD) have been studied. The recombination lifetimes of the A and B excitons have been measured at different temperatures and excitation intensities, from which radiative recombination lifetimes of about 0.35 and 0.3 ns for the A and B excitons, respectively, have been obtained. An increase in excitation power has resulted in a drastic enhancement in the radiative decay rate as well as in the exciton photoluminescence quantum yield, suggesting the excitonic transitions may provide gain for laser actions in GaN. The high quality as well as high purity of the investigated MOCVD sample has been demonstrated by the observations of (1) the free A- and B-excitonic transitions, (2) excited states of the free excitons, (3) narrow free excitonic emission linewidths (1.7 meV at 10 K), (4) low electron concentration, and (5) high electron mobilities (∼600 cm2/V s). © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 1724-1726 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The collective effects of alloy disorder and interface roughness on optical properties of InxGa1−xN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) have been studied. The results are compared with those of GaN/AlGaN MQWs and InGaN epilayers. InxGa1−xN/GaN MQWs emit a broad and asymmetrical photoluminescence (PL) band, while GaN/AlGaN MQWs and InGaN epilayers emit narrower and Gaussian-shaped PL bands. Furthermore, the decay of excitons at low temperatures in InxGa1−xN/GaN MQWs follows a nonexponential function even at the lower-energy side of the PL spectral peak, while those in GaN/AlGaN MQWs and in InGaN epilayers follow a single exponential function. Both alloy disorder and interface roughness have to be included in order to interpret the PL emission spectrum and the decay dynamics in InxGa1−xN/GaN MQWs. Important parameters of the InxGa1−xN/GaN MQWs, σx, σL, and dτ/dL, denoting the alloy disorder, the interface roughness, and the rate of changing of the exciton decay lifetime with well width, respectively, have been deduced. The method developed here can be used to determine σx, σL, and dτ/dL in any MQW systems with wells being alloy materials. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2476-2478 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy was used to investigate carrier distributions in a GaN/AlGaN multiple quantum well (MQW) sample under high excitation intensities necessary to achieve lasing threshold. Room temperature PL spectra showed optical transitions involving both confined and unconfined states in the quantum well structure. Analysis of the experimental results using a microscopic theory, indicates that at high excitation the carrier distributions are characterized by plasma temperatures which are significantly higher than the lattice temperature. The implications of our findings on GaN MQW laser design are also discussed. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 2317-2319 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Epitaxial layers of GaN on sapphire substrates have been grown by metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition at a deposition temperature as low as 400 °C, which is the lowest temperature for successful epitaxial growth of GaN by any technique. This is achieved by controlling the low flow rate of the source gases and by first depositing an AlN buffer layer at 400 °C. Low-temperature photoluminescence measurements have been employed to study the optical properties of the films deposited at different temperatures. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Food allergy is a common disease without effective treatment. Since strict elimination of food allergens may be difficult, strategies for effective intervention are urgently needed.Objective  The aim was to investigate the prophylactic use of orally administrated FIP-fve, an immunomodulatory protein isolated from the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes, in a murine model of food allergy.Methods BALB/c mice were immunized twice intraperitoneally with ovalbumin (OVA), at an interval of 2 weeks. Before and during each period of immunization, FIP-fve (200 μg per mouse) or phosphate-buffered saline was given orally every other day with a total of five doses. Then OVA-specific antibodies and cytokine profiles were determined. Subsequently, the mice were orally challenged with OVA. Symptoms of anaphylaxis, levels of plasma histamine, and histology of intestines were examined.Results Mice receiving oral FIP-fve treatment during sensitization to OVA had an impaired OVA-specific IgE response with a Th1-predominant cytokine profile. These mice were protected from systemic anaphylaxis-like symptoms induced by subsequent oral challenge with OVA.Conclusion Oral administration of FIP-fve has a Th1-skewing effect on the development of the allergen-specific immune response, and may serve the purpose of immunoprophylaxis for food allergy and other allergic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Continuous-wave and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopies have been employed to study the band-edge transitions in GaN epitaxial layers grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. In addition to the neutral-donor-bound exciton transition (the I2 line), a transition line at about 83 meV below the band gap has been observed in an epitaxial layer grown under a lower plasma power or growth rate. This emission line has been assigned to the band-to-impurity transition resulting from the recombination between electrons bound to shallow donors and free holes D0, h+). Systematic studies of these optical transitions have been carried out under different temperatures and excitation intensities. The temperature variation of the spectral peak position of the D0, h+) emission line differs from the band gap variation with temperature, but is consistent with an existing theory for D0, h+) transitions. The dynamic processes of the D0, h+) transition have also been investigated and subnanosecond recombination lifetimes have been observed. The emission energy and the temperature dependencies of the recombination lifetime have been measured. These results have provided solid evidence for the assignment of the D0, h+) transition and show that the motions of the free holes which participated in this transition are more or less restricted in the plane of the epitaxial layer at temperatures below 140 K and that the thermal quenching of the emission intensity of this transition is due to the dissociation of neutral donors. Our results show that time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy can be of immense value in understanding the optical recombination dynamics in GaN. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A technique for growing ultrathin silicon oxides of superior quality at low temperatures is indispensable for future submicron device applications. Fundamental characteristics such as the oxide breakdown fields, oxide charges, and interface-state densities of various ultrathin silicon oxides (≤8 nm) grown by microwave plasma afterglow oxidation at low temperatures (400 and 600 °C) were investigated. Fluorination (HF soaking) and low-temperature N2O plasma annealing were employed to improve the properties of the oxides. The breakdown fields of the as-grown silicon oxides were enhanced and the interface-state densities were reduced. The effect of N2O annealing time on the interface-state density was also investigated. A longer annealing time ((approximately-greater-than)1 h) was required to reduce the interface-state density. The effective oxide charge density of 600 °C as-grown oxide was as low as 6×1010 cm−2. Additionally, the breakdown field of the thin silicon oxide grown at 600 °C with 15 min N2O plasma annealing was 12 MV/cm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 6701-6703 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Persistent photoconductivity (PPC) mechanisms, as well as the similarities and the differences of PPC properties in II-VI and III-V semiconductor alloys have been investigated. The potential applications based on PPC phenomenon in these two kinds of materials are discussed. We have observed that PPC induced in a II-VI mixed crystal by visible (above band gap) illumination can be quenched by long wavelength infrared radiation even at room temperature, which further supports our interpretation that PPC in II-VI mixed crystals is caused by random local potential fluctuations induced by compositional fluctuations. A newly developed infrared detector based on the PPC infrared quenching property of II-VI semiconductor alloys is also reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 488-491 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The steady-state temperature profiles in flat, thermally thin slabs in a low thermal conductivity medium such as air or gas are calculated. For sufficiently thin samples, conduction to the ambient dominates. Solutions applicable to laser processing of technologically interesting samples such as thin semiconductor wafers heated with Gaussian beams are derived. Included are simple expresssions that allow estimation of the front and back surface temperatures and deviation from the assumption of semi-infinity in both depth and radius.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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