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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a Calcium-Binding IgG Myeloma Protein (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 3 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A calcium-binding IgG myeloma protein (A. L.) has previously been described It has now been characterized as an IgG1 lambda protein with two independent binding sites for calcium ions. The sites are localized in the Fab regions. Isolated heavy chains showed no unequivocal binding activity, whereas the light chains were active. The apparent intrinsic association constant for protein A.L., as found by equilibrium dialysis, was 104 l/mol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1974.tb01258.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevention of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus by diet and physical exercise The 6-year Malmö feasibility study (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 891-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Impaired glucose tolerance ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; oral glucose tolerance test ; insulin ; long-term intervention ; diet ; physical exercise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary From a previously reported 5-year screening programme of 6,956 47–49-year-old Malmö males, a series of 41 subjects with early-stage Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and 181 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance were selected for prospective study and to test the feasibility aspect of long-term intervention with an emphasis on life-style changes. A 5-year protocol, including an initial 6-months (randomised) pilot study, consisting of dietary treatment and/or increase of physical activity or training with annual check-ups, was completed by 90% of subjects. Body weight was reduced by 2.3–3.7% among participants, whereas values increased by 0.5–1.7% in non-intervened subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and in normal control subjects (p〈0.0001); maximal oxygen uptake (ml · min−1 · kg−1) was increased by 10–14% vs decreased by 5–9%, respectively (p〈0.0001). Glucose tolerance was normalized in 〉 50% of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, the accumulated incidence of diabetes was 10.6%, and more than 50% of the diabetic patients were in remission after a mean follow-up of 6 years. Blood pressure, lipids, and hyperinsulinaemia were reduced and early insulin responsiveness to glucose loading preserved. Improvement in glucose tolerance was correlated to weight reduction (r=0.19, p〈0.02) and increased fitness (r=0.22, p〈0.02). Treatment was safe, and mortality was low (in fact 33% lower than in the remainder of the cohort). We conclude that long-term intervention in the form of diet and physical exercise is feasible even on a large scale, and that substantial metabolic improvement can be achieved which may contribute to prevent or postpone manifest diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400196
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    No excess 12-year mortality in men with impaired glucose tolerance who participated in the Malmö Preventive Trial with diet and exercise (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 1010-1016 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Impaired glucose tolerance ; prevention ; diet ; exercise ; mortality ; risk factors.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is associated with increased mortality due to ischaemic heart disease (IHD), but as it is not known whether this excess mortality can be reduced by preventing or delaying the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), a long-term NIDDM prevention trial of dietary counselling and physical exercise was launched at Malmö, Sweden, the 12-year follow-up of which is reported here. At 12-year follow-up of 6956 men who underwent health screening at 48 years of age, an IGT intervention group (n = 288) who participated in a long-term NIDDM prevention programme were compared with an IGT non-randomised routine treatment group (n = 135), a diabetic group (n = 144), and the remainder, the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group (n = 6389). The variables studied included the levels of blood glucose, plasma insulin, blood pressure, blood lipids, lung function and maximum oxygen uptake. Subjects with IGT were characterised by overweight, poor vital capacity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. The mortality rate in the IGT intervention group was similar to that in the NGT group (6.5 vs 6.2 per 1000 person years at risk) and lower than that in the IGT routine treatment group (6.5 vs 14.0, p = 0.009). In the two IGT groups taken together, intervention but not body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking, cholesterol or the 2-h glucose level predicted mortality. Systolic blood pressure was a predictor of IHD mortality among IGT subjects; and in the cohort as a whole, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, hypercholesterolaemica, diabetes and smoking were predictors of IHD mortality. The findings suggest that a long-term intervention programme, with an emphasis on lifestyle changes, including dietary counselling and physical exercise, will reduce mortality in subjects with IGT who are at an increased risk of both developing NIDDM and of premature death due to IHD and other causes. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 1010–1016]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051024
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Daily physical activity, work capacity and glucose tolerance in lean and obese normoglycaemic middle-aged men (1981)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 20 (1981), S. 134-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Middle-aged men ; glucose tolerance ; insulin sensitivity ; maximal oxygen uptake ; physical activity ; obesity ; normal body weight
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Daily physical activity, work capacity, relative body weight and glucose tolerance were studied in 115 normoglycaemic 48 year old men selected from a health screening programme. In contrast to the reported physical activity at work, leisure time activity was significantly related to maximal oxygen uptake (p 〈 0.05), glucose (p 〈 0.05) and insulin values (p 〈 0.05) during OGTT, but not to relative body weight. The number of men with impaired glucose tolerance (glucose at 120 min 〉 6.9mmol) was significantly higher among those who were physically inactive during their leisure time. The insulin glucose ratio at 0 and 120 min during the OGTT was significantly higher in the obese unfit as compared to the obese fit subjects thus suggesting an influence of moderate leisure time physical activity on glucose tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262016
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impaired glucose tolerance in a middle-aged male urban population: a new approach for identifying high-risk cases (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 526-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; impaired glucose tolerance ; population study ; oral glucose tolerance test reproducibility ; body weight ; oxygen uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary From an urban population (n=9,033) of 47–49-year-old males, 6,956 participated in a multiphase screening programme, of whom 1.5% were already registered as diabetic patients, 1.7% were then found to be diabetic; of 6,325 subjects given oral glucose tolerance tests, 6.6% were found to have impaired glucose tolerance (WHO criteria, 1985). In 889 asymptomatic cases with initial capillary whole blood glucose values ≥ 6.6 mmol/l fasting and/or 2 h postload, fluctuation in oral glucose tolerance was studied at repeat tests within one month; the mean differences in glucose values between the first and second test were 〈−1% (fasting) and −15% (2 h post-load); there were no differences in body weight, and 62% of those with initially impaired glucose tolerance had normalised by the repeat test. Only in 109 cases (1.7%) were 2 h post-load values in the 7.8–11.0 mmol/l range both at the first and the repeat test; these cases were comparable vis-à-vis body mass index, triceps skin fold, blood pressure and initial glucose and insulin values, but had significantly lower oxygen uptake (2.34±0.54 l/min vs 2.63±0.681/min; p〈0.003), as compared with subjects with initially impaired glucose tolerance but normal repeat test outcome. However, subjects with high normal first test results (2 h value in the 7.0–7.7 mmol/l range) and second test results in the 7.0–11.0 mmol/l range, resembled those with persistent impairment of glucose tolerance in all respects (including oxygen uptake). The repeat test procedure (including ergometry), is therefore to be recommended in selecting true risk cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404139
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poor physical fitness, and impaired early insulin response but late hyperinsulinaemia, as predictors of NIDDM in middle-aged Swedish men (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 573-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; risk factors ; physical fitness ; early insulin response ; hyperinsulinaemia.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a prospective population-based study of middle-aged Caucasian men, performed in Malmö, Sweden, specifically designed to evaluate physical fitness, early and late insulin response as predictors of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), 4,637 non-diabetic men underwent oral glucose tolerance tests at the ages of 48 and 54 years. At the baseline examination, physical fitness was measured in terms of lung vital capacity and oxygen uptake during ergometry; early insulin response in terms of the 40-min insulin increment during an oral glucose tolerance test (a correlate of acute insulin response to an intravenous glucose tolerance test), and late insulin response were measured in terms of the 2-h insulin value during the oral glucose tolerance test (a correlate of glucose disposal during euglycaemic clamp testing). Of the subjects studied 116 developed NIDDM (0.4 % annually), and when compared with non-diabetic men at baseline, they were found to have an 11 % higher mean body mass index (p 〈 0.001), a higher frequency of family history of diabetes (31 vs 18 %, p 〈 0.001), 16 % lower mean physical activity index (p 〈 0.05), 16 % lower mean estimated maximal oxygen uptake (p 〈 0.001), 10 % lower mean vital capacity (p 〈 0.001), 26 % lower 40-min to total insulin response ratio (p 〈 0.001), and a 2.7 times higher mean 2-h insulin value during an oral glucose tolerance test (p 〈 0.001). Regression analysis (using Cox's proportional hazards model) showed both low vital capacity, and impaired early insulin response but late hyperinsulinaemia to be independent predictors of NIDDM, in addition to body mass index and fasting blood glucose level (p = 0.05–0.0001). Among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance at baseline (44 of 278 developed NIDDM), fasting glucose level alone predicted diabetes in this model. The findings suggest that in this age group in a Caucasian population, not only does insulin resistance precede glucose intolerance and NIDDM, but also loss of early insulin response indicating impaired beta-cell function to be an early feature of the process culminating in diabetes. As both physical fitness [which correlates inversely with late insulin response (r = − 0.42, p 〈 0.0001) ], and the level of physical activity were shown to correlate with diabetes development in this large series, measures to correct these adverse features should be included in future strategies for preventing NIDDM. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 573–579]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403304
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of diabetes using ADA or WHO criteria in post-menopausal women: a 10-year follow-up study (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 1224-1228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, Type II diabetes, American Diabetes Association, World Health Organisation, progression, oral glucose tolerance test.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. To study the risk of women with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) as against impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) developing diabetes.¶Methods. Oral glucose tolerance tests (75 g) were done in 265 women selected at random at baseline (age 55–57 years) and at a 10-year follow-up. Of the women 42 had IFG/NGT (fasting glucose 6.1–6.9 mmol/l, 2-h glucose 〈 7.8 mmol/l), 66 IGT/NFG (2-h glucose 7.8–11.0 mmol/l, fasting glucose 〈 6.1 mmol/l), 30 IGT/IFG and 127 NFG/NGT.¶Results. The 10-year progression to diabetes was similar in IGT/NFG (12.1 %) and IFG/NGT groups (11.9 %, p = 0.97). In IGT/IFG, 20.0 % had developed diabetes, which was not significantly higher than in IFG/NGT and IGT/NFG (p = 0.53). In NFG/NGT at baseline, only 3.9 % had developed diabetes, which was lower than in the other groups (p = 0.023).¶Conclusion/interpretation. Fasting and 2-h glucose concentrations are equally good in predicting diabetes development over a 10-year period in Caucasian postmenopausal women. Because IGT is more common than IFG, measuring only fasting glucose concentrations would, however, result in missing a prediabetic stage in a large group of people at risk for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 1224–1228]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051516
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