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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural localization of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase in oligodendrocytes, glioblasts and vascular endothelial cells in the external cuneate nucleus of the gerbil (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 177-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase ; Choline acetyltransferase ; Oligodendrocytes ; Glioblasts ; External cuneate nucleus ; Gerbil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study reports the reactivities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in some of the nonneuronal elements in the external cuneate nucleus (ECN) of gerbils. AChE reaction products were localized in some oligodendrocytes in their cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear envelope and Golgi saccules. The basal lamina lining the capillary endothelia also displayed AChE reactivity. In ChAT immunocytochemistry, the reaction products were found to be associated with the vascular basal lamina as well as the endothelial plasma membrane facing the lumen. The most remarkable finding was the localization of ChAT immunoreactivity in some oligodendrocytes and occasional glioblasts (small glial precursor cells containing a thin rim of cytoplasm surrounding an irregular nucleus with homogeneous chromatin materials). The ChAT-positive oligodendrocytes consisted of two types, medium-dense and dark cells, either associated with blood vessels or ChAT-stained neuronal elements. It is suggested from these new findings that at least some of the oligodendrocytes and glioblasts in the ECN of gerbils may be involved in the synthesis, storage, release and degradation of acetylcholine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195011
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen on amoeboid microglial cells in early postnatal rat brain following intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide (1994)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 100 (1994), S. 287-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Amoeboid microglia Major histocompatibility complex Type 3 complement receptor ; Endotoxin ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In rats given two single intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 1 and 4 days of age and killed at 7 days of age, 11.5–12% of amoeboid microglial cells (AMC) in the supraventricular corpus callosum were induced to express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen, as detected with monoclonal antibody OX-6. The MHC class II antigen induced was colocalized with MHC class I antigen and type 3 complement receptors on the same cells. The expression of MHC class II antigen on the plasma membrane of AMC was confirmed in immunoelectron microscopy. Although OX-6-positive AMC often assumed a perivascular position, the majority of them, however, were far removed from the blood vessels. The cytoplasmic processes of the perivascular OX-6-positive AMC appeared to rest directly on the vascular lamina, and in some section profiles they were in contact with a large surface area of the outer wall of small blood vessels. It is concluded from this study that although MHC class II antigen is not constitutively present on AMC, it is, however, inducible under stimulation with LPS. It is, therefore, suggested that the OX-6-positive AMC, especially the perivascular AMC, may have the potentiality to function as antigen-presenting cells in the developing brain when challenged by LPS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227198
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melatonin attenuates the neuronal NADPH-d/NOS expression in the nodose ganglion of acute hypoxic rats (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Journal of pineal research 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) may play a detrimental role in the process of hypoxia-related neuropathology. This study explored whether treatment with melatonin would attenuate the neuropathological changes in the vagal ganglia following a severe hypoxic insult. Thirty minutes prior to hypoxia treatment, young adult rats were pre-treated with melatonin at 5, 25 or 100 mg/kg injected intraperitoneally. Hypoxia was achieved by subjecting the rats to a barometric pressure of 0.2 atm (PO2=43 Torr) for 4 hr in an altitude chamber. Nicotinamine adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry combined with the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunohistochemistry were used to detect the NADPH-d/nNOS reactivity in the nodose ganglion (NG) at various time points following the hypoxic exposure. In normal untreated rats, about 43% of the neurons in the NG displayed NADPH-d/nNOS reactivity. Following hypoxic exposure, both the percentage and the staining intensity of NADPH-d/nNOS positive neurons in the NG were markedly increased, but these were reduced in longer surviving animals. Quantitative analysis of cell counts revealed that about 17% of the neurons died at 14 days after hypoxia treatment. However, in hypoxic rats given different doses of melatonin pre-treatment, neuronal death as well as the frequency and staining intensity of NADPH-d/nNOS reactivity of the nodose neurons were significantly decreased. The effect of melatonin on neuronal survival and NADPH-d/nNOS expression was dose-dependent. It is therefore suggested that melatonin exerts a neuroprotective effect and may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for prevention and/or reducing the susceptibility of nodose neurons to NO-mediated hypoxic neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079x.2002.1816.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electron microscopic study of the nodose (inferior vagal) ganglion cells in the monkey (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 17 (1988), S. 845-857 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study described the normal ultrastructure of the monkey nodose ganglion cells. Furthermore, experimental monkeys were subjected to supranodose vagotomy in order to ascertain if the parent cell bodies would undergo degeneration following severance of their central processes. In the normal materials, most of the ganglion cells possessed a single neurite. However, occasional cells bearing more than one process in a sectioned profile were observed. The neurites, ranging between 2–4 μm in diameter, displayed a relatively regular contour. Their cytoplasm contained parallel arrays of microtubules, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and slender mitochondria. The electron density of some of these neurites was abnormally high. Embedded in these darkened neurites were a variable number of swollen mitochondria characterized by disrupted cristae. Axon terminals containing round agranular and a few large dense cored vesicles formed synaptic contacts primarily with the neurites of some of the ganglion cells. Three days after supranodose vagotomy, darkened neurites were more commonly observed but their incidence was comparable to that of the normal ganglion in longer survival animals. Another reactive change was the appearance of axon terminals undergoing various degrees of degeneration. There was no evidence of cell death in the duration studied. It was concluded from this study that the occasional darkened neurites from the normal ganglion cells was probably undergoing ‘spontaneous degeneration’ which appeared to be accentuated when their central process was severed by supranodose vagotomy. The degeneration of axon terminals associated with some of the ganglion cells following the vagotomy suggested that they were derived from vagal descending fibres which were undergoing anterograde degeneration. The presence of synapses on some of the ganglion cells was also discussed and the possibility considered that the latter may represent ‘aberrant’ or displaced autonomic neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01216711
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of NADPH-diaphorase activity in the submucous plexus of the guinea-pig intestine: light and electron microscopic studies (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 24 (1995), S. 271-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localization of reduced, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase in the submucous plexus of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, proximal colon, distal colon and rectum in the guinea-pig was examined histochemically by light and electron microscopy. The majority of reactive submucous neurons displayed features common to either Dogiel type I or type II neurons; some were closely adherent to the outer walls of lymphatic vessels. The use of 2-(2′-benzothiazolyl)-5-styryl-3-(4′-phthalhydrazidyl) tetrazolium chloride (BSPT) at the ultrastructural level showed that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase is a membrane-associated protein widely distributed in the cells, including the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and synaptic vesicles in the axon terminals associated with submucous neurons. On the basis of their diaphorase reactivity or the lack of it, the submucous neuronal somata and their associated terminals were observed to form several different kinds of synaptic configurations. The present quantitative analysis showed that the frequency of reactive submucous neurons in the large intestine was significantly higher than in the small intestine. Based on the ultrastructural localization of the diaphorase reaction product in positive cells, it is speculated that nitric oxide might be synthesized within the neurons. The demonstration of different synaptic configurations in the submucous ganglia suggests that the functional interaction between submucous neurons is extremely complex. Finally, the higher frequency of diaphorase reactive submucous neurons in the large intestine than in the small intestine indicates that submucous neurons in these two gut regions may not play equivalent roles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01186540
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NADPH-diaphorase activity in the nodose ganglion of normal and vagotomized guinea-pigs (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 285 (1996), S. 141-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Nodose ganglion ; NADPH-diaphorase ; Vagotomy ; Guinea-pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The activity and distribution of reduced nico-tinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-diaphorase) in the nodose ganglion of normal and vagotomized guinea-pigs were examined by light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy confirmed a remarkable increase in the number of NADPH-diaphorase-reactive neurons in the nodose ganglion following unilateral cervical vagotomy. The increase was present at 5 days but became more prominent at 10 days and was sustained until at least 30 days after vagotomy when compared with the non-lesioned side. The NADPH-diaphorase reaction product was associated with the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and nucleus of the nodose neurons. In animals killed 5 days post-operation, there was no noticeable degeneration in the nodose neurons. However, at 10 days, the mitochondria in some neurons appeared swollen and vacuolated with disrupted cristae. These changes were accentuated in some nodose neurons 20 and 30 days after vagotomy but there was no evidence of cell death. All the degenerating neurons exhibited NADPH-diaphorase activity. The increase in NADPH-diaphorase activity in the neuronal somata after vagotomy suggests that the enzyme is involved in either the retrograde degeneration or the recovery of the lesioned neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050629
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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